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Anatomy > Special Senses: Ocular > Flashcards

Special Senses: Ocular Flashcards

0
Q

Lines the linear aspect of the eyelids

A

Palpebral conjunctiva

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1
Q

Thin, transparent vascular tissue that extends from the limbus to the mucocutaneous junction of the eyelid.

A

Conjunctiva

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2
Q

Covers the sclera

A

Bulbar conjunctiva

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3
Q

Vascular supply of the conjunctiva

A

Anterior ciliary artery

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4
Q

Conjunctiva is innervated by the 1st division of

A

CN V (Ophthalmic division)

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5
Q

Fine, thin, elastic layer which covers the sclera. Underneath the conjunctiva. Contains numerous blood vessels which provides nourishment for the sclera.

A

Episclera

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6
Q

Thick outer coat of the eye. Normally white and opaque. Avascular & fibrous (collagen). Continuous with the cornea anteriorly and with the dural sheath at the optic nerve posteriorly. _____ mm thick where the EOMs insert and about 1mm thick.

A

Sclera. 0.3.

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7
Q

Transparent front window of the eye. Refracts light.

A

Cornea

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8
Q

Layers of Cornea: nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Regenerative ability.

A

Corneal epithelium

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9
Q

Layers of Cornea: collagen fibers

A

Bowman’s layer

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10
Q

Layers of Cornea: thick layer (90%) of regularly arranged collagen fibers (type1), keratinocytes.

A

Corneal stroma

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11
Q

Layers of Cornea: thin, strong layer.

A

Dual’s layer

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12
Q

Layers of Cornea: thin acellular layer that serves as the modified basement membrane of the endothelium, collagen type IV.

A

Descemet’s membrane

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13
Q

Layers of Cornea: monolayer of cuboidal cells, not able to regenerate, responsible for the corne’s deturgescence.

A

Endothelium

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14
Q

The junction between sclera and cornea. May develop whitening as part of old age _______.

A

Limbus. Arcus senilis.

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15
Q

The space between the cornea and iris. Contains a watery fluid called __________. Normally acellular. Cells seen in inflammatory and infectious decision.

A

Anterior chamber. Aqueous humor.

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16
Q

Angle formed by the inner cornea and iris roots. Comprised several structure that make up the eye’s drainage system, _________ and ________.

A

Anterior chamber angle. Trabecular meshwork & Schlemm’s canal.

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17
Q

Middle avascular layer of the eye. Composed of

A

Uveal tract. Ciliary body, Iris & Choroid.

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18
Q

Contributes to the blood supply of the retina

A

Choroid

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19
Q

Colored part of the eye that controls the amount of light that enters the eye.

A

Iris

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20
Q

Hole at the center of the iris that, size is controlled by the iris muscle.

A

Pupil

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21
Q

Accounts for the variety of colors seen. Dependent on the amount of pigment in the iris. Composed of BV,CT,Melanocyte & pigment cells.

A

Pigmented posterior surface

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22
Q

Contains both dilator and sphincter muscles

A

Iris stroma

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23
Q

Contraction of the sphincter muscle leads to

A

Pupil constriction

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24
Q

Contraction of dilator muscle leads to

A

Pupil dilation

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25
Q

Blood supply of the iris

A

Major circle of the iris

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26
Q

Sensory innervation of the iris

A

Ciliary nerves

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27
Q

Circular opening at the center of the iris. Adjusts the amount of loght entering the eye.

A

Pupil

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28
Q

Parasympathetic activity of CN III will lead to

A

Pupillary constriction

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29
Q

Sympathetic activity of the pupil leads to

A

Dilation

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30
Q

Structure of the eye that produces aqueous humor

A

Ciliary body

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31
Q

Contraction of the ciliary body changes the tension of the ________ suspending the lens.

A

Zonular fibers

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32
Q

Change in tension leads to increased thickness of the lens which allows eye to focus at ______ objects ( _______ )

A

Near. Accomodation.

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33
Q

Vascular, pigmented layer between the sclera (externally) and retina (internally). Provides blood supply to the outer retinal layers.

A

Choroid

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34
Q

Biconvex structure. Refracts and focuses light on the retina. Suspended in place by zonule fibers. Anteroposterior _______ & Equatorial diameter _______.

A

Crystalline lens. 4-5mm. 9-10mm.

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35
Q

Narrow space behind the iris and in front of the zonule fibers. Space anterior to the crystalline lens. Filled with aqueous humor. Normally acellular.

A

Posterior chamber

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36
Q

Large space behind the lens. Extends up to the retina. Approximately ____ cc in volume. Filled with a transparent gel like material called ________.

A

Vitreous cavity. 4.5. Vitreous humor.

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37
Q

Thin, semitransparent, multilayer sheet of neural tissue lining the vitreous cavity.

A

Retina

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38
Q

Blood supply of Retina: branch of the ophthalmic artery. Supplies inner 1/3 of the retina.

A

Central Retinal Artery

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39
Q

Blood supply of Retina: supplied by the ophthalmic artery. Supplies outer 2/3 of the retina.

A

Choroid artery

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40
Q

Area of the retina responsible for fine & central vision.

A

Macula

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41
Q

Oval depression in the center of the macula. Approximately ___ disc diameters away from the optic disc.

A

Fovea. 2.

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42
Q

Not really a peripheral nerve, it is actually a direct extension of the CNS. 1.2 m axons. ___ mm long. Synapses at the lateral geniculate nucleus.

A

Optic nerve. 50.

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43
Q

Blood supply of the Optic nerve

A

Circle of zinn-haller

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44
Q

Optic nerve segment: 1mm long. 1.5 mmHg. Optic disc (visible by fundoscopy)

A

Intra ocular (optic nerve head)

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45
Q

Optic nerve segment: 25mm in length, 3 to 4.5 mm in diameter. Lined by dura, arachnoid and pia mater. Fuses at the apex of the orbit with periosteum and annulus of zinn.

A

Intra orbital

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46
Q

Optic nerve segment: 9mm in length. Firmly anchored to the bone (optic canal)

A

Intra canalicular

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47
Q

Optic nerve segment: 10mm long (3-16mm) just before it becomes the optic chiasm.

A

Intra cranial

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48
Q

Parietal and temporal lobes

A

Optic radiation

49
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Visual cortex

50
Q

X shaped structure wherein the medial fibers of both optic nerves decussate or cross to the other side. Suspended above the sella turcica.

A

Optic chiasm

51
Q

Paired structures posterior to the optic chiasm. Composed of lateral fibers from the ipsilateral optic nerve and medial fibers from the contralateral optic nerve.

A

Optic tract

52
Q

Sensory relay nucleus. Located in the thalamus.

A

Lateral geniculate body

53
Q

Paired structure that carry visual information from the LGB to the visual cortex. Pass thru the parietal or temporal lobes.

A

Optic radiation

54
Q

Inferior fibers that pass through the temporal lobe looping around the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle.

A

Meyer’s loop

55
Q

Striate cortex or VI. Occipital lobe. Responsible for image processing.

A

Primary visual cortex (BA 17)

56
Q

Bony cavity which contains the eye. Pear shaped with the optic nerve representing its stem. Medial walls are parallel to each other, separated by the ethmoidal and sphenoidal sinuses.

57
Q

Fluid volume of orbit

58
Q

Contains the lacrimal gland fossa

A

Orbital plate of the frontal bone

59
Q

Contains the optic canal

A

Lesser wing of the sphenoid

60
Q

Depression located at __mm from orbital margin. Serves as the attach,ent of the cartilaginous pulley from the superior oblique muscle.

A

Trochlear fovea

61
Q

Contains the nasolacrimal canal and lacrimal sac.

A

Medial orbital wall

62
Q

Paper thin medial wall is known as

A

Lamina papyracea

63
Q

Lateral wall of the orbit formed by

A

Zygomatic bone & Greater wing of sphenoid

64
Q

Thickest and strongest wall

A

Lateral wall of the orbit

65
Q

Site of attachment for check ligament of lateral rectus muscle, suspensory ligament of eyeball, lateral palpebral ligament and aponeurosis of the levator ligament.

A

Lateral orbital tubercle

66
Q

Roof of the maxillary sinus. Contains the infraorbital groove. Made up of 3 bones. Maxillary, palatine and orbital plate of zygomatic bone.

A

Floor of the orbit

67
Q

Arises from the orbital floor. Only Extraocular muscle that does not originate from the orbital apex.

A

Inferior Oblique muscle

68
Q

Entry portal for all nerves and vessels to the orbit

A

Orbital apex

69
Q

Ring of fibrous tissue comprised of the origins of the 4 rectii muscle, levator palpebrae. Divides the superior orbital fissure.

A

Annulus of Zin

70
Q

Foramen in the skull between the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone.

A

Superior orbital fissure

71
Q

Outside the annulus of Zinn. Lacrimal and frontal branch of CN V. Trochlear nerve CN IV.

72
Q

Within the annulus of Zinn. Superior and inferior divisions of CN III. Nasociliary branch of CN V. Abducens nerve. Superior ophthalmic vein.

73
Q

Consists of optic nerve and artery

A

Optic canal

74
Q

Consists of maxillary and pterygoid parts of CN V. Inferior ophthalmic vein.

A

Inferior orbital fissure

75
Q

1st major branch of the intracranial ICA

A

Ophthalmic artery

76
Q

Branches of the Ophthalmic artery: enters the optic nerve 8-15mm behind the globe. Supplies the inner retina.

A

Central retina artery

77
Q

Branches of the Ophthalmic artery: supplies the lacrimal gland and upper eyelids

A

Lacrimal artery

78
Q

Branches of the Ophthalmic artery: supplies the eyelid

A

Medial palpebral artery

79
Q

Branches of the Ophthalmic artery: supplies the anterior segment of the eye

A

Long posterior ciliary artery

80
Q

Branches of the Ophthalmic artery: supplies optic nerve, posterior segment of the eye.

A

Short posterior ciliary artery

81
Q

Outer structure that protect the eyeball. Lubricates the eye surface. ______ within the tarsus.

A

Eyelids. Meibomian glands.

82
Q

Come together at the medial and lateral canthi

83
Q

Normally covers about 2 mm of the superior limbus

84
Q

Is usually at the level of the inferior limbus

85
Q

Exposed zone between the upper and lower eyelids. In adults: ___ mm long and _____ mm wide.

A

Interpalpebral fissure. 27. 8-11.

86
Q

Upper eyelid is more ______ that the lower eyelid.

87
Q

Eyelid segment: thinnest in the body.

88
Q

Due to insertion of levator aponeurosis near the upper border of the tarsus.

A

Eyelid fold

89
Q

Eyelid segment: has no fat content

A

Subcutaneous connective tissue

90
Q

Eyelid segment: punctum. Eyelashes arise from the anterior portion of the lid margin. Orifices at the meibomian gland are located along the posterior portion of the lid margin.

A

Lid margin

91
Q

Eyelid segment: Arranged into a concentric band around the interpalpebral fissure

A

Orbicularis oculi muscle

92
Q

Parts of OOM: inserts into the medial canthal tendon, orbital rim and corrugator supercili muscle. Sphincter like action, voluntarily controlled.

93
Q

Part of OOM: may be voluntary or involuntary z(for normal reflex blinking)

94
Q

Eyelid segment: extension of the periosteum of the roof and floor of the orbit. Attaches to the anterior surface of the levator muscle. Provides a barrier to spread of blood or inflammation.

A

Orbital septum

95
Q

Eyelid segment: originates from a tendon that blends with the superior rectus and superior oblique muscles at the apex of the orbit.

A

Levator muscle

96
Q

Division of Levator muscle: produces the eyelid fold

A

Levator aponeurosis

97
Q

Division of Levator muscle: elevates the eyelids. Innervated by superiro division of CN III.

A

Superior tarsal muscle (Mueller’s muscle)

98
Q

Eyelid segment: consist if dense CT not cartilage. Attached the orbital margin by the media. And lateral palpebral ligaments.

99
Q

Modified holocrine gland. Oily layer of the tear film.

A

Meibomian glands

100
Q

Narrow and highly vascularized crescent shape fold of conjunctiva tissue. Roch in goblet cells. Analogous to the nictating membrane in lower animals.

A

Plica semilunaris

101
Q

Small, fleshy, ovoid structure. Contains sebaceous glabds and fine colorless hair.

102
Q

Located in the frontal lobe

A

Lacrimal gland

103
Q

Lacrimal gland is divided into 2 parts by the

A

Levator aponeurosis

104
Q

Inner to the LA

A

Palpebral part

105
Q

Outer to the LA

A

Orbital part

106
Q

Blood supply of the lacrimal gland

A

Lacrimal artery

107
Q

Consist of lacrimal punctum, upper & lower canaliculi, nasolacrimal sac & nasolacrimal duct.

A

Lacrimal excretory system

108
Q

Flow of tears is mediated by pumping of this by the orbicularis oculi muscle

A

Nasolacrimal sac

109
Q

Opens into the nasal cavity. Valve of Hasner.

A

Nasolacrimal duct

110
Q

Ocular motility: adducts

A

Medial rectus

111
Q

Ocular motility: abducts

A

Lateral Rectus

112
Q

Ocular motility: elevates, adducts & intorts

A

Superior rectus

113
Q

Ocular motility: depresses, adducts and extorts

A

Inferior rectus

114
Q

Ocular motility: intorts, abducts and depresses

A

Superior oblique

115
Q

Ocular motility: extorts, abducts and elevates

A

Inferior oblique

116
Q

Blood supply of the EOM

A

Muscular branches of the ophthalmic artery

117
Q

Innervate the superior, medial, inferior rectus muscles and inferior oblique

118
Q

Innervates the superior oblique

119
Q

Innervates the lateral rectus

Anatomy (14 decks)

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