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Anatomy > Endo: Adrenal > Flashcards

Endo: Adrenal Flashcards

0
Q

Weight of Adrenal gland

A

4grams

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1
Q

Yellowish in color. Retroperitoneal organ; lies on the upper pole of kidney.

A

Adrenal gland

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2
Q

The Adrenal glands are surrounded by ___________ but separated from the kidney by __________.

A

Gerota’s fascia. Perirenal fat.

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3
Q

Cortex is ________ in origin.

A

Mesodermal

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4
Q

Week __ - __ : start from ________ mesoderm adjacent to urogenital ridge.

A

4-6. Coelomic.

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5
Q

Week __: differentiate into thin definite __________ and thick ___________,

A
  1. Outer cortex. Inner fetal cortex.
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6
Q

Fetal cortex produce ________ during gestation and involutes at birth.

A

Steroid

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7
Q

Definite cortex develop into

A

Functional adrenal cortex

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8
Q

Medulla is derived from

A

Neural crest cell

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9
Q

Develop with sympathetic nervous system

A

Adrenal Medulla

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10
Q

Week __: neural crest cell migrate to ________ & _________ region towards medial aspect of adrenal cortex.

A
  1. Para-aortic & Para-vertebral.
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11
Q

Extra adrenal chromaffin cells located to the ___________ near the origin of _____.

A

Left of aortic bifurcation. IMA.

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12
Q

Embryology: neural crest cell migrates ________.

A

Ventrally

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13
Q

Embryology: _______ cells migrate from epithelium.

A

Mesothelium

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14
Q

Embryology: neural crest cell are from

A

Sympathetic ganglion

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15
Q

Embryology: mesenchyme cells are from

A

Fetal adrenal cortex

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16
Q

Embryology: _______ from sympathetic ganglia continue to migrate

A

Neural crest cells

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17
Q

Color of the cortex. Outer and inner.

A

Outer: bright yellowish, Inner: reddish brown

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18
Q

Concern with metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins.

A

Glucocorticoids

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19
Q

Concern with fluid & electrolyte balance

A

Mineralocorticoids

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20
Q

Plays a role in the prepubertal development of the sex organs

A

Sex hormones

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21
Q

Parts of Adrenal cortex: thick middle zone. Present at birth.

A

Zona fasciculata

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22
Q

Parts of Adrenal cortex: inner zone. Develop during first year of life.

A

Zona reticularis

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23
Q

Parts of Adrenal cortex: thin outer portion. Present at birth.

A

Zona glomerulosa

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24
Q

Hormone secreted by Zona Glomerulosa

A

Aldosterone & Deoxycorticosterone “AD”

25
Q

Hormone secreted by Zona Fasciculata

A

Cortisol & Cortisone “CC”

26
Q

Hormone secreted by Zona Reticularis

A

Progesterone, Estrogen & Testosterone “PET”

27
Q

Characteristics of the medulla

A

Thin and gray color

28
Q

Disorders associated with adrenal cortex

A

Addison’s disease & Cushing’s syndrome

29
Q

Adrenal medulla produces what hormone

A

Catecholamines

30
Q

Two cathecolamines

A

Nor Epi & Epinephrine

31
Q

Disorder associated with adrenal medulla

A

Pheochromocytoma

32
Q

Shape of the Right Suprarenal gland

33
Q

Shape of Left Suprarenal gland

A

Crescentic

34
Q

Right Suprarenal gland is located behind the _______ and ____. Rest posteriorly in the _______.

A

Right lobe of liver & IVC. Diaphragm.

35
Q

Left suprarenal gland is located behind the ______, ______ & _______.

A

Pancreas, Lesser sac & Stomach.

36
Q

Blood supply of the Adrenal glands

A

Suprarenal brach of Aorta, Inferior phrenic nerve & Renal artery “AIR”

37
Q

Venous drainage of the Adrenal glands

A

Adrenal vein

38
Q

Right adrenal vein drains to

39
Q

Left adrenal vein drains to

A

Left renal vein

40
Q

Lymph drainage of the adrenal glands

A

Lateral aortic nodes

41
Q

Nerve supply of the adrenal glands

A

Preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers and Majority ends in tye medulla.

42
Q

Imaging: finding are non specific. May be helpful in detecting mass in adrenal area and calcification.

A

Plain Abdominal X-ray

43
Q

Imaging: investigation of first choice in infant, children & pregnant women. Indication is adrenal mass larger than _____.

A

Ultrasound. 2cm.

44
Q

Imaging Ultrasound: adult appearance. Entirely ______. ______ with straight margin.

A

Hypoechoic. Concave.

45
Q

Imaging Ultrasound: Newborn. Cortex _______, Medulla ______. Cortex __ Medulla thickness. _______ border.

A

Hypoechoic. Hyperechoic. > . Convex.

46
Q

Imaging: on precontrast scan adrenal have soft tissue density similar to that of liver. Consist of body, medial limb and lateral limb.

47
Q

Imaging CT scan: normal adrenal appear __________ shape within retroperitoneal fat.

A

Inverted V or Y.

48
Q

Indication for CT scan imaging

A

Cyst, Abscess, Masses(adenoma & cancer) and Metastasis “CAM Me”

49
Q

Imaging: equally effective as CT scan in imaging adrenal disorders

50
Q

Imaging: selective injection of contrast into the adrenal vein with an angiographic catheter.

A

Adrenal venogram

51
Q

Imaging Adrenal venogram indications: for localization of hormone _______. For adrenal ______ & _______. And for ______ disease.

A

Active tumor. Hyperplasia & Adenoma. Cushing’s.

52
Q

Imaging: procedure in which contrast is injected into adrenal arteries to detect any vascular pathology.

A

Arteriography.

53
Q

Imaging: Indications for arteriography

A

Adrenal tumor, CONN syndrome & Adrenal hyperplasia “ACA”

54
Q

Imaging: usual role of this is to clarify inconclusive result of imaging

A

Scintigraphy

55
Q

Indication of Scintigraphy: functional status of ________. Assess _______ adrenal function. Detect functional _______. Detect ______ after surgery. Detect ______ site of hormone production.

A

Adrenal nodule. Contralateral. Metastasis. Recurrence. Ectopic.

56
Q

Imaging: adrenocortical imaging agent

A

NP-59 ( 6-B-iodomethyl-19-norcholestero) and Selenium-75 6-B-selenomethylnorcholesterol.

57
Q

Imaging: Sympathoadrenal imaging agent

A

Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG)

58
Q

Indication for MIBG

A

Pheochromocytoma, Adrenal metastasis, Neuroblastoma & Carcinoid. “PANC”

59
Q

Indication for NP-59

A

Adrenocortical carcinoma, Adenoma & Adrenal hyperplasia “A3”

Anatomy (14 decks)

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