Repro: Female Manual Flashcards by Adams Bruce Al-os

Anterior boundary of the vulva

Mons pubis

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Is the collective term for the female external genital organs that are visible in the perineal area. It is covered entirely by cornified stratified squamous epithelium.

Vulva

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Posterior boundary of the vulva

Rectum

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Lateral boundary of the vulva

Both genitocrural fold

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Is the prominent area that becomes hairy after puberty. It is superior and anterior to the ___________.

Mons pubis. Symphysis pubis.

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In women, it is usually triangular while most male have diamond pattern.

Escutcheon/hair pattern

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Are two large cutaneous folds of adipose and fibrous tissue each of which measure approximately ______ in length and ______ in width.

Labia majora. 7-8cms. 2-3cms.

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The __________ surface of the labia majora is pigmented and covered with hair follicles while the _______ surface lack hair follicles but has many sebaceous glands.

Outer convex. Inner convex.

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The labia majora are homologous to the ______ and usually undergo atrophy after menopause.

Scrotum

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Other name for vulva

Pudendum

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Are two small pinkish to reddish cutaneous folds between the labia majora and the vaginal orifice. They divide anteriorly at the _____ to form the ______ superiorly and the ________ inferiorly. It is composed of dense connective tissue with erectile tissue and elastic fibers.

Labia minora. Clitoris. Prepuce. Frenulum.

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Other name for labia minora

Nymphae

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In labia minora, the skin is less ______ with many sebaceous glands but lacking hair follicle and ________.

Keratinized. Eccrine.

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The labia minora is homologous to the __________ and part of the skin of the penis in males.

Penile urethra

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Is a thin membrane at the entrance of the vagina. It is covered by stratified squamous epithelium on both surfaces and consists of fibrous tissue with few small blood vessels.

Hymen

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The remnants of the hymen in adult women that presents as small tags or nodules after the first coitus are called

Carunculae myrtiformes

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Is a short cylindrical erectile organ at the superior portion of the vestibule. It measures approximately ________ in length and less than ____ in diameter. Usually only ______ is visible while the body is beneath the skin surface.

Clitoris. 1.5-2cms. 1cm. Glans.

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The clitoris is composed of _______ which attach the periosteum of the symphysis pubis. The body has two cylindrical _______ that function as erectile tissue.

Two crura. Corpus cavernosa.

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Is the distal one third of the clitoris which is a highly sensitive part due to its numerous ending.

Glans

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The clitoris is homologous to the ______ in male.

Penis

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Is the cleft between the labia minora that is visualized when the labia are held apart. It extends from the clitoris to the posterior ______.

Vestibule. Fourchette.

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The structures that open to the vestibule are the

Ducts of Bartholin’s gland, External urethral meatus & Vaginal orifice “DUV”

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The mucosa of the proximal 2/3 is composed of stratified squamous epithelium while the distal 1/3 is composed of stratified squamous epithelium. The mucosal edge of the orifice appears everted.

Urethra

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Are branched tubular glands adjacent to the distal urethra. Its duct runs parallel to the long axis of the urethra approximately ___cm before opening into the distal urethra.

Paraurethral gland/Skene’s gland. 1cm.

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The skene's glands are homologous to the ______ in male.

Prostate

Measurement of female urethra

3.5-5cms

Are vulvovaginal glands that are located at about 4 and 8' oclock of the posterolateral aspect of the vaginal orifice. The duct of each gland is lined by transitional epithelium and opens into the groove between the hymen and labia minora.

Bartholin's gland

Bartholin's glands are homologous to the ________ in male.

Cowper's gland

Are two erectile tissues on either sides of the vaginal orifice. Its distal end is adjacent to the Bartholin's glands.

Vestibular bulbs

Vestibular bulbs are homologous to the ___________ in male.

Bulb of the penis

Anterior to the female pelvic cavity

Urinary bladder & Internal genitalia

Posterior to the female pelvic cavity

Rectum

Refers to the uterine tubes, ligaments of the uterus & ovaries (adjacent parts)

Adnexa

Peritoneum passes the anterior _______ superior to the pubis.

Abdominal wall

Peritoneum covers the superior surface of the

Urinary bladder

Peritoneum passes from the superior surface of the urinary bladder to the uterus where it forms the

Vesicouterine pouch

Peritoneum covers the fundus and body of the _____ and contacts the posterior part of the _________.

Uterus. Vaginal fornix.

Peritoneum forms the ________ between the uterus and the rectum.m

Rectouterine pouch

Peritoneum covers the anterior surface and sides of the

Rectum

Peritoneum forms the sigmoid mesocolon beginning at the level of the 3rd sacral vertebra. Laterally, a _______ is apparent on each side of the urinary bladder. Further posteriorly, a _______ is apparent on each side of the rectum.

Paravesical fossa. Pararectal fossa.m

A muscular tube extends from the vulva inferiorly towards the uterus superiorly. Female copulatory organ.

Vagina

Vaginal measurement in length

8cms

The upper half of the vagina lies in above the

Pelvic floor

The lower half of the vagina lies in the

Perineum

A space between the surface of the cervix and the vaginal wall is called

Vaginal fornix

Four parts of the vaginal fornix

Anterior, Lateral (2) & Posterior

The anterior vaginal wall is _______ than the posterior vaginal wall.

Lower

The posterior wall of the vagina is in contact with the peritoneum that lines the

Rectouterine pouch

The uterus is tilted approximately ____ anterior to the axis of the vagina. It must be _______.

90'. Anteverted.

Three blood supply of the vagina

Uterine artery, Middle hemorrhoidal artery & Internal pudendal artery "UMI"

Is a thick-walled hollow muscular organ located at the center of the true pelvis. It has a configuration of an inverted pear.

Uterus

The dome shaped tap of the uterus is called

Fundus

Is the part of the uterus between the fundus and the cervix

Body

The narrow lower segment of the uterus just above the cervix is the

Isthmus

Is a thick walled portion of the uterus that protrudes into the vaginal canal

Cervix

Length, width, thickness and weight of Nulliparous uterus

8cm, 5cm, 2.5cm & 40-50 grams

Length, width, thickness and weight of Multiparous uterus

1-2cm larger & 20-30grams heavier

It is triangular in a coronal section.

Uterine cavity

The uterine mucosa is called

Endometrium

The endometrium may be divided into

Inner stratum basale & Outer stratum functionale

The one that only responds to fluctuating hormonal levels.

Stratum functionale

The thick muscular wall of the uterus is called

Myometrium

The peritoneal covering on the surface of the uterus is called

Perimetrium

The tissue within the broad ligament near the uterus is called

Parametrium

The blood supply of the uterus is provided by the _______, which are branches of the _______, and the _______, which originated from the ______.

Uterine arteries. Hypogastric arteries. Ovarian arteries. Aorta.

Connect the cornua of the uterine cavity with the peritoneum. It is contained in the free edge of the superior portion of the broad ligament.

Fallopian/Uterine tubes and Oviducts

Length of the Oviduct

10-14cms

Diameter of the fallopian tube

Less than 1cm

Part of the oviduct which is surrounded by myometrium

Intramural/Interstitial segment

Length of Intramural segment

1-2cms

Is a narrow segment of oviducts.

Isthmus

Length of Isthmus

4cm

Is a wide tortuous segment where fertilization normally occurs.

Ampulla

Length of ampulla

4-6cms

Is the distal trumpet-shaped portion of the oviducts

Infundibulum

The ostia of the oviduct are surrounded by finger-like structures called

Fimbrae

The largest fimbrae is attached to the ovary called

Fimbra ovarica

The medial 2/3 of each tube is supplied by the _______ & the distal 1/3 is supplied by the _______.

Uterine. Ovarian.

Are almond shaped organ that is lightly gray in color.

Ovaries

Weight of the ovary during reproductive years

3-6gms

Diameter of the ovaries

4cms

The ovarian vessels, passes through the ___________ of the ovary, enter the tubal extremity of the ovary.

Suspensory ligament

The ovarian ligament proper is attached to the

Uterine extremity

A shallow depression in the lateral pelvic wall bounded by the ureter, external iliac vein and uterine tube. Ovary sits here.

Ovarian fossa

Is a thin muscular layer that forms the inferior border of the abdominopelvic cavity.

Pelvic diaphragm

The primary muscles of the pelvic diaphragm are the

Levator ani

Levator ani is composed of

Coccygeus, Pubococcygeus, Iliococcygeus & Puborectalis "CPIP"

Also known as the triangular ligament, is a strong muscular membrane that stretches across the triangular anterior portion of the pelvic outlet. It is external and inferior to the pelvic diaphragm.

Urogenital diaphragm

To support the urethra and maintenance of the urethrovesical junction

Urogenital diaphragm

Has a superficial fatty layer and a deep membranous layer

Superficial perineal fascia

In female, this provides the shape of the labia majora and is continuous with the fat of the lower abdominal wall, ischioanal fossa and thigh.

Superficial fatty layer

Is continuous with the membranous layer of the lower abdominal wall (Scarpa's fascia)

Colles fascia

Lateral to the labium minus, covers the superficial surface of the bulb of the vestibule.

Bulbospongious muscle

The posterior attachment of the bulbospongiosus muscle is the

Perineal body

The anterior attachment of the bulbospongiosus muscle is the

Corpus cavernosum clitoris

Covers the superficial surface of the crus of the clitoris.

Ischiocavernous muscle

The proximal attachments of the ischiocavernous muscle are the

Ischial tuberosity and ischiopubic ramus

The distal attachment of the ischiocavernous muscle are the

Crus of the clitoris

Forces blood from the crus of the clitoris into the distal part of the corpus cavernosum clitoris.

Ischiocavernous muscle

The lateral attachment of the superficial transverse perineal muscle is the

Ischial tuberosity & Ischiopubic ramus

The medial attachment of the superficial transverse perineal muscle is the

Perineal body

Helps to support the perineal body

Superficial transverse perineal muscle

Is a fibromuscular mass located between the anal canal and the posterior edge of the perineal membrane which serves as an attachment for several muscles.

Perineal body

Lie superior (deep) to the perineal membrane

Deep perineal pouch

Are thin, mesenteric-like double reflection peritoneum stretching from the lateral pelvic sidewalls to the uterus and are contiguous with the uterine serosa. Offers minor support to the uterus.

Broad ligament

Three parts of the broad ligament

Mesometrium, mesosalpinx & mesovarium.m

Supports uterine tube

Mesosalpinx

Attaches the ovary to the posterior aspect of the broad ligament

Mesovarium

Part of broad ligament that is below the attachment of the mesovarium

Mesometrium

The tissue enclosed between the two layers of the broad ligament

Parametrium

Are composed of fibrous tissue and muscle fibers. It passes through the superficial inguinal ring and descends into the fat that forms the labia majora in a fan like fashion.

Round ligament

In fetus, a small finger-like projection of the peritoneum accompanies the round ligament into the inguinal canal and is called

Canal of Nuck

Is a fibrous cord within the broad ligament that connects the ovary to the uterus.

Ovarian ligament

Is a peritoneal fold that covers the ovarian vessels. This extends into the greater pelvis from the superior aspect of the ovary.

Suspensory ligament of the ovary

Extends from the lateral aspects of the superior part of the cervix and the vagina to the pelvic walls. It forms the base of the broad ligament. It helps maintain the anatomic position of the cervix and upper part of the vagina and provides the major support of the uterus and cervix.

Cardinal ligament

Other name for cardinal ligament

Makenrodt's ligament/Transverse cervical ligament

Extend from the upper part of the cervix posteriorly to the third sacral vertebra. It serves as a minor support of the cervix.

Uterosacral ligament/Sacrogenital ligament

Extends from the pubis

Pubocervical/vesical ligament