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Anatomy > Special Senses: Auditory & Vestibular Apparatus > Flashcards

Special Senses: Auditory & Vestibular Apparatus Flashcards

0
Q

Collects sounds. Shell like part. Consists of single elastic cartilage w/c is continuous with cartilage of external acoustic meatus. Contains hair, sweat/sebaceous glands. Shape varies.

A

Auricle

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1
Q

External ear is composed of

A

External auditory meatus & Auricle

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2
Q

No cartilage. Can be pierced for earring.

A

Lobule

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3
Q

Auditory passage. Extends from concha to tympanic membrane. S shaped.

A

External acoustic meatus

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4
Q

Length of External acoustic meatus

A

2.5cm long

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5
Q

External acoustic meatus composition: Lateral 1/3 is _________ & Medial 2/3 __________.

A

Cartilage. Bony.

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6
Q

External acoustic meatus in infants

A

Pure cartilage

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7
Q

Part of EAM lined w/ skin. Contents are hair follicles, sebaceous gland & ceruminou gland.

A

Lateral part

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8
Q

Part of EAM lined with thin skin, composed of Isthmus.

A

Medial part

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9
Q

Ceruminous gland produces

A

Cerumen

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10
Q

Constricted medial part of the EAM

A

Isthmus

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11
Q

Arterial supply of the EAM

A

Post auricular branch of external carotid artery, Deep auricular branch of maxillary artery & Auricular branch of superficial temporal artery “PDA”

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12
Q

Venous drainage of the EAM

A

Pterygoid plexus, EJV & Maxillary vein “PEM”

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13
Q

Nerve supply of the EAM

A

Auriculotemporal nerve, Tympanic plexus & Auricular branch “ATA”

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14
Q

Auriculotemporal nerve is from what CN

A

CN V

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15
Q

Tympanic plexus is from what CN

A

CN VII

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16
Q

Auricular branch nerve is from what CN

A

CN X

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17
Q

Thin, semitransparent & oval membrane. Medial end of EAM. Separates external from middle ear. Oblique and slopes inferomedially. Pearly gray and shiny.

A

Tympanic membrane

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18
Q

In Tympanic membrane: concavity toward the. Eatus with a central depression, ________, formed by handle of malleus.

A

Umbo

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19
Q

In Tympanic membrane: from umbo, bright area emanates called

A

Cone of light

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20
Q

In Tympanic membrane: moves in response to air vibration that pass to it. Vibrations are transmitted from TM by ________ through the middle ear to inner ear.

A

Auditory ossicles

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21
Q

Arterial supply of the tympanic membrane

A

Maxillary artery, Deep auricular artery, Posterior auricular artery & Tympanic branch “M DPT”

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22
Q

Venous drainage of the tympanic membrane

A

EJV

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23
Q

Nerve supply of the tympanic membrane

A

Auriculotemporal nerve

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24
Q

Foreign bodies, infection & excessive pressure as in scuba diving.

A

Deafness

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25
Q

Narrow cavity in petrous temporal bone. Contents are auditory ossicles, stapedius, tensor tympani & chorda tympani.

A

Middle ear

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26
Q

Anterior to middle ear

A

Nasopharynx

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27
Q

Posterosuperior to middle ear

A

Mastoid antrum

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28
Q

Walls of the Middle Ear: formed by tegmen tympani. Separates ME from dura.

A

Roof or Tegmental

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29
Q

Walls of the Middle Ear: formed by the bone. Separates ME from IJV.

A

Floor or Jugular

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30
Q

Walls of the Middle Ear: formed by tympanic membrane

A

Lateral or Membranous

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31
Q

Walls of the Middle Ear: composed of semicircular ducts & cochlea. Separates ME from inner ear.

A

Medial or Labyrinthine

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32
Q

Small window of Labyrinthine: closes the base of stapes. Vibration of stapes are transmitted to the inner ear.

A

Fenestra vestibuli

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33
Q

Small window of Labyrinthine: closed by a secondary TM. Allows perilymph to move in response to impulses.

A

Fenestra cochlea

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34
Q

Walls of the Middle Ear: leads to mastoid antrum via an opening, ________. Pyramidal eminence contains stapedius mucle.

A

Posterior or Mastoid. Aditus.

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35
Q

Walls of the Middle Ear: 2 openings w/c connects with canal occupied by tensor tympani & w/ nasopharynx thru auditory tube.

A

Interior or Carotid wall

36
Q

Funnel shaped. Connects NP to middle ear. 1/3 bone & 2/3 cartilage. Equalize pressure in middle ear with ATM pressure.

A

Auditory tube

37
Q

Arterial supply of the auditory tube

A

Ascending pharyngeal artery, Middle meningeal artery & Artery of pterygoidal canal “AMA”

38
Q

Venous drainage of the auditory tube

A

Pterygoid plexus

39
Q

Nerve supply of the auditory tube

A

Tympanic plexus (CN VII & IX)

40
Q

Ear bones. Forms a chain across the middle ear. From TM to oval window. Increase the force but decrease amplitude of vibrations transmitted from TM.

A

Auditory ossicles

41
Q

Auditory ossicles is composed of

A

Maleis, Incus & Stapes

42
Q

Part of maleus: lies vs flaccid part of TM where chorda tympani nerve crosses.

A

Neck

43
Q

Part of maleus: embedded in TM where tendon of tensor tympani inserts.

A

Handle

44
Q

Part of maleus: rounded superior part lies in epitympanic recess articulates with incus.

A

Head

45
Q

Parts of Incus: arctic with head of malleus.

A

Body

46
Q

Parts of Incus: arctic with stapes

A

Long process

47
Q

Parts of Incus: connected to tympanic cavity by a ligament.

A

Short process

48
Q

Parts of Incus: arctic with head of stapes.

A

Lenticular process

49
Q

Smallest of auditory ossicles

A

Stapes

50
Q

Parts of Stapes: fits into oval window.

A

Base

51
Q

Parts of Stapes: arctic with lenticular process of incus.

A

Head

52
Q

Pulls handle of malleus thus tenses TM. Reduces amplitude of oscillation. Prevents damage to int ear when exposed to loud sounds. From cartilaginous part of auditory tube. Greater wing of sphenoid bone. Petrous part of temporal bone. Insertion fro, handle malleus.

A

Tensor tympani

53
Q

Length of Tensor tympani

A

2cm long

54
Q

Nerve supply of tensor tympani

A

Mandibular nerve

55
Q

Origin is ate pyramidal eminence. Inserted at neck of stapes. Reduces oscillatory range. Prevents excessive movement of stapes.

A

Stapedius

56
Q

Contains the vestibulocochlear. Concentrate with reception of sound and maintenance of balance. In petrous part of temporal bone. Consists of sac and ducts of membranous labyrinth.

A

Internal ear

57
Q

Contains endolymph and end organs for hearing and balance.

A

Membranous system

58
Q

Surrounded by perilymph. Suspended within bony labyrinth.

A

Membranous Labyrinth

59
Q

Bony Labyrinth is composed of

A

Cochlea, Vestibule & Semicircular canals

60
Q

Shell like. Contains the cochlear duct.

A

Cochlea

61
Q

Parts of Cochlea: apex

A

Cupula

62
Q

Parts of Cochlea: shelf of bone

A

Osseous spiral lamina

63
Q

Parts of Cochlea: attached to ossicle

A

Basilar membrane

64
Q

Parts of Cochlea: concentrate with auditory perception

A

Organ of corti

65
Q

Parts of Cochlea: opens into vestibule

A

Scala vestibuli

66
Q

Parts of Cochlea: related to tympanic cavity at fenestra cochlea

A

Scala tympani

67
Q

Oval bony chamber. About 5mm. Contains utricle and saccule which are parts of balancing apparatus. Continuously anteriorly with cochlea and posteriorly with SCC.

A

Vestibule

68
Q

Bony canals which open into vestibule. Set at right angles to each other. Composed of anterior, posterior and lateral parts. Forms 2/3 of a circle. About 1.5mm in diameter except at swelling called ________.

A

Semicircular canals. Ampulla.

69
Q

Sacs and ducts in cavities of bony labyrinth. Follows tge form of bony labyrinth but smaller. Contains watery fluid, _______. Consists of 3 parts.

A

Membranous labyrinth. Endolymph.

70
Q

Dilatations. With a specialized area of sensory epithelium.

A

Utricle

71
Q

Static organs for signaling position of the head in space.

A

Macula

72
Q

In semicircular ducts: each duct has an extension containing sensory area, ________. Sensors of movement.

A

Crista ampullaris

73
Q

In semicircular ducts: Hairs of cristae are supplied by primary sensory neurons whose cell bodies are in

A

Vestibular ganglion

74
Q

Spiral, blind tube firmly fixed to cochlear canal by _________.

A

Cochlear duct. Spiral ligament.

75
Q

Roof of the cochlear duct

A

Vestibular membrane

76
Q

Floor of cochlear duct

A

Basilar membrane

77
Q

Receptor of auditory stimuli. Contains hair cells that respond to vibrations induced in the endolymph by sound waves.

A

Spiral organ of Corti

78
Q

Narrow canal. Runs laterally for about 1cm. Within petrous part of temporal bone. Closed laterally by a thin perforated plate of bone that separates it from internal ear. Through this plate pass _____ & _____.

A

Internal Acoustic Meatus. CN VII & VIII.

79
Q

Divides near lateral end of IAM into anterior cochlear portion and posterior vestibular portion.

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve

80
Q

Formation of spongy bone around stapes and fenestra vestibuli. May stop movement of base of stapes. Causes deafness.

A

Otosclerosis

81
Q

Inflammation of middle ear. May spread to tegmen tympani. Causes inflammation of meninges.

A

Otitis media

82
Q

Inflammation of external acoustic meatus. Movement of _______ causes pain because cartilage in it is continuous with EAM.

A

Otitis externa. Tragus.

83
Q

Forms a route through which infection pass from nasopharynx to middle ear. This tube is blocked by swelling of mucous membrane. Residual air in the tympanic cavity is absorbed into the mucosal blood vessels. Lower pressure in tc retraction tm. Hearing reduced.

A

Auditory tube

84
Q

Tympanic muscles have protective action. Dampen large vibrations of tympanic muscle from loud noises. Paralysis of _______ results in excessive hearing. Results from uninhibited movement of stapes.

A

Hyperacusia. Stapedius.

85
Q

Spherical sinus at temporal bone. Connected to tympani cavity by _______. Separated from middle cranial fossa by tegmen tympani.

A

Mastoid antrum & cells. Aditus.

86
Q

Result from infection of middle ear. Should not injure facial nerve during surgery.

A

Mastoiditis

87
Q

Persistent exposure to loud sounds. Causes degenerative changes in spiral organ at base of cochlea. Drill handlers, machine operators & tractor drivers.

A

High tone deafness

88
Q

Injury to ear by an imbalance in pressure between surrounding air and air in middle ear. In flies, dives and parachuters.

A

Otic Barotrauma

Anatomy (14 decks)

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