Special Senses/Integumentary Test Flashcards
eye: orbit
aka eye socket, bony cavity of skull that contains/protects eyeball and associated muscle, blood vessels, nerves
eye: muscles
3 pairs=6
eye: lacrimal apparatus
produce, store, remove tears
eye: iris
colorful muscular layer that surrounds pupil, muscle within controls amount of light allowed to enter eye
eye: pupil
black circular opening in center of iris that permits light to enter eye
eye: lens
clear, flexible, curved structure that focuses images of the retina, behind iris/pupil
eye: cornea
transparent outer surface of eye covering iris/pupil, focuses light rays entering eye
eye: sclera
white of eye, maintains shape of eye, protects inner layer of tissue
eye: choroid
opaque mid layer, contains blood vessels and provides blood supply for all of eye
eye: retina
innermost layer, receives nerve impulses and transmits them to brain via optic nerve
retina: macula
clearly defined yellow area in center of retina
retina: fovea centralis
pit in middle of macula, color vision is best here bc of high concentration of cones
retina: cones
color receptors
retina: rods
black/white receptors
outer ear: pinna
external portion of ear, catches sound waves and transmits to external auditory canal
outer ear: external auditory canal
transmits sound from pinna to tympanic membrane
cerumen
earwax, protective function to trap small insects, debris, and certain bacteria from entering ear
middle ear: tympanic membrane
ear drum, transmits sound waves by vibrating
middle ear: auditory ossicles
3 small bones that transmits sound waves from eardrum to inner ear by vibrations
malleus(hammer), incus(anvil), stapes(stirrup)
inner ear: cochlea
snail shaped, fluid filled structure
inner ear: semicircular canals
has liquid endolymph and sensitive hair like cells
bending of cells respond to movement of head to maintain equilibrium
inner ear: eustachian tube
narrow tubes that lead from mid ear to nasal cavity and throat, equalize air pressure in mid ear with that of outside atmosphere
inner ear: mastoid bone cells
surround mid ear, hollow air space located in mastoid process of temporal bone
ectropion vs entropion
eversion of edge of (lower) eyelid vs inversion of edge of eyelid
conjunctivitis
aka pinkeye, inflammation of conjuctiva, usually caused by infection/allergic reaction
macular degeneration
gradual progressive condition, macula at center of retina is damaged resulting in loss of central vision, not total blindness
diplopia
aka double vision, perception of two images of single object
monochromatism
aka color blindness, inability to distinguish colors
esotropia
aka cross eyes, inward deviation of one or both eyes
otalgia
aka earache, pain in the ear
vertigo
sense of whirling, dizziness, and loss of balance, often combined with nausea and vomiting
tinnitus
ringing, buzzing, or roaring sound in one or both ears, more likely to occur when there has been prolonged exposure to loud noises
skin trivia
adult human has 21 sqft of skin
average adult skin weighs 9 pounds (7-15% bodyweight)
shed 8.5 pounds of skin cells every year
skin releases 3 gallons of sweat during hot weather
functions of skin
protection, water balance, temperature regulation, waste disposal, receptor organs, blood reservoir, vitamin D production
structure/function of epidermis
Superficial outer layer, specialized epithelial tissue, a vascular, regen 35-45 days
Squamous epithelial tissue upper layer, nasal layer-low level, keratin, melanocytes, melanin, cell produced then pushed up to die & keratinize
structure/function of dermis
Tough, thick, below epidermis, vascular, strong flexible connective tissue, collagen, elastic, reticular fibers, wrinkle=loss of elastin, blood vessels, capillaries, lymphatic vessels, nerves, hair shaft/follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, sensory receptors, sensory nerve endings, mast cells
structure/function of subcutaneous layer
Just below skin, most fat and connective tissue, anchors skin to under structures/muscles
structure of nails
Unguis-nail, keratinized epidermal cells, grow under lunula(white part) of nailbed
melanocytes
hair/skin pigment depends on, located in follicle/basal layer, specialized cells that secrete melanin
arrector pili
Bundle of smooth muscle that raises hair in response to cold or fright
function of sweat glands
Temperature regulation
function of sebaceous/oil glands
Sebum, discourage bacterial growth, smooth and soften hair/skin, slows water loss during dry weather
surface lesions: crust
areas of dried pus and blood, aka scabs
surface lesions: nodule
small rounded lump or swelling
surface lesions: pustule
sacs filled with pus ex: acne, pimples
surface lesions: ulcer
deep loss of skin surface that may extend into dermis
hirsutism
presence of excessive body and facial hair in women, usually occurs in male pattern
alopecia
aka baldness, partial or complete loss of hair, most common on scalp
furuncle
aka boils, large tender swollen areas caused by staphylococcal infections around hair follicles or sebaceous glands
label eye ear skin
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