Special Senses/Integumentary Test

Question 1

eye: orbit

Answer 1

aka eye socket, bony cavity of skull that contains/protects eyeball and associated muscle, blood vessels, nerves

Question 2

eye: muscles

Answer 2

3 pairs=6

Question 3

eye: lacrimal apparatus

Answer 3

produce, store, remove tears

Question 4

eye: iris

Answer 4

colorful muscular layer that surrounds pupil, muscle within controls amount of light allowed to enter eye

Question 5

eye: pupil

Answer 5

black circular opening in center of iris that permits light to enter eye

Question 6

eye: lens

Answer 6

clear, flexible, curved structure that focuses images of the retina, behind iris/pupil

Question 7

eye: cornea

Answer 7

transparent outer surface of eye covering iris/pupil, focuses light rays entering eye

Question 8

eye: sclera

Answer 8

white of eye, maintains shape of eye, protects inner layer of tissue

Question 9

eye: choroid

Answer 9

opaque mid layer, contains blood vessels and provides blood supply for all of eye

Question 10

eye: retina

Answer 10

innermost layer, receives nerve impulses and transmits them to brain via optic nerve

Question 11

retina: macula

Answer 11

clearly defined yellow area in center of retina

Question 12

retina: fovea centralis

Answer 12

pit in middle of macula, color vision is best here bc of high concentration of cones

Question 13

retina: cones

Answer 13

color receptors

Question 14

retina: rods

Answer 14

black/white receptors

Question 15

outer ear: pinna

Answer 15

external portion of ear, catches sound waves and transmits to external auditory canal

Question 16

outer ear: external auditory canal

Answer 16

transmits sound from pinna to tympanic membrane

Question 17

cerumen

Answer 17

earwax, protective function to trap small insects, debris, and certain bacteria from entering ear

Question 18

middle ear: tympanic membrane

Answer 18

ear drum, transmits sound waves by vibrating

Question 19

middle ear: auditory ossicles

Answer 19

3 small bones that transmits sound waves from eardrum to inner ear by vibrations
malleus(hammer), incus(anvil), stapes(stirrup)

Question 20

inner ear: cochlea

Answer 20

snail shaped, fluid filled structure

Question 21

inner ear: semicircular canals

Answer 21

has liquid endolymph and sensitive hair like cells
bending of cells respond to movement of head to maintain equilibrium

Question 22

inner ear: eustachian tube

Answer 22

narrow tubes that lead from mid ear to nasal cavity and throat, equalize air pressure in mid ear with that of outside atmosphere

Question 23

inner ear: mastoid bone cells

Answer 23

surround mid ear, hollow air space located in mastoid process of temporal bone

Question 24

ectropion vs entropion

Answer 24

eversion of edge of (lower) eyelid vs inversion of edge of eyelid

Question 25

conjunctivitis

Answer 25

aka pinkeye, inflammation of conjuctiva, usually caused by infection/allergic reaction

Question 26

macular degeneration

Answer 26

gradual progressive condition, macula at center of retina is damaged resulting in loss of central vision, not total blindness

Question 27

diplopia

Answer 27

aka double vision, perception of two images of single object

Question 28

monochromatism

Answer 28

aka color blindness, inability to distinguish colors

Question 29

esotropia

Answer 29

aka cross eyes, inward deviation of one or both eyes

Question 30

otalgia

Answer 30

aka earache, pain in the ear

Question 31

vertigo

Answer 31

sense of whirling, dizziness, and loss of balance, often combined with nausea and vomiting

Question 32

tinnitus

Answer 32

ringing, buzzing, or roaring sound in one or both ears, more likely to occur when there has been prolonged exposure to loud noises

Question 33

skin trivia

Answer 33

adult human has 21 sqft of skin average adult skin weighs 9 pounds (7-15% bodyweight) shed 8.5 pounds of skin cells every year skin releases 3 gallons of sweat during hot weather

Question 34

functions of skin

Answer 34

protection, water balance, temperature regulation, waste disposal, receptor organs, blood reservoir, vitamin D production

Question 35

structure/function of epidermis

Answer 35

Superficial outer layer, specialized epithelial tissue, a vascular, regen 35-45 days Squamous epithelial tissue upper layer, nasal layer-low level, keratin, melanocytes, melanin, cell produced then pushed up to die & keratinize

Question 36

structure/function of dermis

Answer 36

Tough, thick, below epidermis, vascular, strong flexible connective tissue, collagen, elastic, reticular fibers, wrinkle=loss of elastin, blood vessels, capillaries, lymphatic vessels, nerves, hair shaft/follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, sensory receptors, sensory nerve endings, mast cells

Question 37

structure/function of subcutaneous layer

Answer 37

Just below skin, most fat and connective tissue, anchors skin to under structures/muscles

Question 38

structure of nails

Answer 38

Unguis-nail, keratinized epidermal cells, grow under lunula(white part) of nailbed

Question 39

melanocytes

Answer 39

hair/skin pigment depends on, located in follicle/basal layer, specialized cells that secrete melanin

Question 40

arrector pili

Answer 40

Bundle of smooth muscle that raises hair in response to cold or fright

Question 41

function of sweat glands

Answer 41

Temperature regulation

Question 42

function of sebaceous/oil glands

Answer 42

Sebum, discourage bacterial growth, smooth and soften hair/skin, slows water loss during dry weather

Question 43

surface lesions: crust

Answer 43

areas of dried pus and blood, aka scabs

Question 44

surface lesions: nodule

Answer 44

small rounded lump or swelling

Question 45

surface lesions: pustule

Answer 45

sacs filled with pus ex: acne, pimples

Question 46

surface lesions: ulcer

Answer 46

deep loss of skin surface that may extend into dermis

Question 47

hirsutism

Answer 47

presence of excessive body and facial hair in women, usually occurs in male pattern

Question 48

alopecia

Answer 48

aka baldness, partial or complete loss of hair, most common on scalp

Question 49

furuncle

Answer 49

aka boils, large tender swollen areas caused by staphylococcal infections around hair follicles or sebaceous glands

Question 50

label eye ear skin

Answer 50

ok