Digestive and urinary test

Question 1

Liver

Answer 1

removes excess glucose from the blood stream and stores it as glycogen, destroys old erythrocytes, removes toxins from blood, secretes bile and enzymes which aid in digestion of fat

Question 2

Gallbladder

Answer 2

stores bile and releases it to the small intestine as needed, bile is used to break apart large fat globules, pear shaped egg sized under liver

Question 3

Pancreas

Answer 3

soft 6 in gland behind stomach, secretes digestive juices and enzymes into small intestine as needed, aid in digestion and contain sodium bicarbonate to help neutralize stomach acid

Question 4

Hard/soft palate

Answer 4

bony anterior portion of palate, covered in specialized mucous membranes
flexible posterior portion of the palate, closes off the nasal passage during swallowing

Question 5

Salivary glands

Answer 5

3 pair, parotid, sublingual, submandibular

Question 6

Periodontium

Answer 6

bone and soft tissues that surround and support the teeth

Question 7

Mastication

Answer 7

aka chewing breaking food down into smaller pieces, mixes with saliva and prepares it to be swallowed

Question 8

Pyloric sphincter

Answer 8

controls flow from stomach to small intestine

Question 9

Small intestine/peristaltic action

Answer 9

pylorus to large intestine, 20 ft, completes digestion and absorption of most nutrients, 3 parts duodenum, jejunum, ileum, conversion of food into usable nutrients
moves chyme through

Question 10

Proctologist

Answer 10

Physician who specializes in disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus

Question 11

Aphthous ulcers

Answer 11

Aka canker sore or mouth ulcers, are grey-white pits with a red border in the soft tissue lining the mouth. Exact cause unknown but associated with stress, certain foods, and fever

Question 12

Stomatomycosis

Answer 12

Any disease of the mouth due to a fungus

Question 13

Xerostomia

Answer 13

Aka dry mouth is the lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretion of the salivary glands

Question 14

Cleft lip

Answer 14

Aka harelip is a birth defect in which there is a deep groove of the lip running upward to the nose as a result of the failure of this portion of the lip to close during prenatal development

Question 15

Bruxism

Answer 15

The involuntary grinding or clenching of the teeth that usually occurs during sleep and is associated with tension and stress

Question 16

Eructation

Answer 16

Act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach

Question 17

Hyperemesis

Answer 17

Extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration

Question 18

Ileus

Answer 18

Partial or complete blockage of the small and/or large intestine. Caused by the cessation or stopping of intestinal peristalsis

Question 19

Ulcerative colitis

Answer 19

Chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation of the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation

Question 20

Crohn’s disease

Answer 20

chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract; however it is most often found in the ileum and colon. It penetrates every layer of the tissue of the affected area. Results in thickening and scarring of the wall of the affected area. very painful

Question 21

Celiac disease

Answer 21

inherited autoimmune disorder characterized by a severe reaction to foods containing gluten

Question 22

Jaundice

Answer 22

yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membrane and eyes. caused by a greater than normal amount of bilirubin in the blood

Question 23

Functions of the urinary system

Answer 23

-maintaining the proper balance of water, salt, and acids in the body by filtering the blood as it flows through the kidneys
-constantly filtering the blood to remove urea and other waste material from the bloodstream
-converting these waste products and excess fluids into urine to be excreted

Question 24

Functions of the kidney

Answer 24

constantly filter the blood to remove waste products and excess water

Question 25

Renal cortex and medulla function

Answer 25

outer region of kidney, contains over a million nephrons
inner region, contains most of the urine collecting tubules

Question 26

Glomerulus function

Answer 26

clusters of capillaries surrounded by bowman’s capsule where the filtration of blood happens

Question 27

Renal pelvis function

Answer 27

funnel shaped area where the urine is collected before flowing into the ureters

Question 28

Ureter and peristalsis function

Answer 28

2 narrow tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder
Wave like contractions move urine down each tube

Question 29

Renal failure and hemodialysis

Answer 29

Aka kidney failure is the inability of one or both of the kidneys to perform their functions.
A treatment used to artificially filter waste from the blood when the kidneys fail replace kidney function

Question 30

Nephrotic syndrome

Answer 30

Condition in which very high levels of protein are lost in the urine and abnormally low levels of protein are present in the blood. This is the result of damage to the kidneys glomeruli. Aka nephrosis

Question 31

Anuria

Answer 31

Absence of urine formation by the kidneys

Question 32

Nephrolithiasis

Answer 32

Describes the presence of stones in the kidney

Question 33

Ureterolith

Answer 33

A stone located anywhere along the ureter

Question 34

Neurogenic bladder

Answer 34

Urinary problem caused by the interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination

Question 35

Nocturia

Answer 35

Excessive urination during the night

Question 36

Oliguria

Answer 36

Scanty urination

Question 37

Incontinence

Answer 37

Inability to control the excretion of urine and feces

Question 38

Also study

Answer 38

label diagrams in digestive and urinary notes

Question 39

nocturnal enuresis

Answer 39

Bed wetting/incontinence while sleeping

Question 40

Close nasal passage when swallowing

Answer 40

Soft palate

Question 41

Catabolism

Answer 41

Metabolism in which cells and substances are being broken down