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medterm > Final Review > Flashcards

Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominopelvic region

A

top R/L hypochondriac, top M epigastric, mid R/L lumbar region, mid M umbilical region, bottom R/L iliac, bottom M hypogastric

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2
Q

ACE inhibitor

A

antihypertensive medication

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3
Q

Adhesion

A

fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally as a result of an injury or surgery

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4
Q

Anatomic position

A

standing erect, palms facing forward, feet pointing forward (gives us standard point of reference)

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5
Q

Anemia:
Iron-deficiency
hemochromatosis
megaloblastic
sickle-cell

A

1) lower than normal number of erythrocytes in the blood
2) “most common form of anemia,” iron is essential component of hemoglobin. without sufficient iron to help create hemoglobin, blood cannot carry oxygen effectively
3) “iron overload disease” genetic disorder in which the intestines absorb too much iron
4) anemia in which the red blood cells are larger than normal, resulting from a deficiency of folic acid or vitamin B
5) genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin, resulting in some red blood cells assuming an abnormal sickle shape

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6
Q

Antibody

A

(immunoglobulin) disease fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of an antigen

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7
Q

Aneurysm

A

a localized weak spot or balloon-like enlargement of the wall of an artery

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8
Q

Antigen

A

any substance that the body regards as being foreign (viruses, bacteria, toxins, transplanted tissue)

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9
Q

Antigen-antibody reaction

A

Involves binding antigens to antibodies/immunoglobulins, labels a potentially dangerous antigen so it can be recognized and destroyed

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10
Q

Arrhythmia

A

describes an abnormality, or loss of the normal rhythm of the heartbeat

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11
Q

Arthrodesis

A

surgical fusion of 2 bones to stiffen a joint, usually to treat severe arthritis or a damaged joint

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12
Q

Arthrolysis

A

loosening of joint

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13
Q

Arthroplasty

A

surgical fixation of joints

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14
Q

Atonic

A

lacking normal muscle tone or strength

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15
Q

Atrophy

A

weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures; can be caused by disease or disuse

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16
Q

Bacteria

A

one celled microscopic organisms. bacterial infections are treated with antibodies

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17
Q

B Cells vs. T Cells

A

lymphocyte that forms antibodies vs. lymphocytes that mature in the thymus and coordinate immune defences

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18
Q

Blood pressure:
systolic
diastolic

A

1) pressure occurring when the ventricles contract
2) pressure occurring when the ventricles are relaxed, or between heartbeats

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19
Q

Body Cavities

A

Ventral- Thoracic: protects heart and lungs, Pelvic: hip bones form reproduction, Abdominal: digestion
Dorsal- Cranial, Spinal
Orbital, Nasal, Buccal

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20
Q

Body Planes

A

know

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21
Q

Capillaries

A

smallest blood vessels

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22
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

disease of the heart muscle

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23
Q

Cell

A

basic unit of body

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24
Q

Cell Types:
lymphocytes
basophils
eosinophils
neutrophils

A

1) WBC formed in the bone marrow as stem cells
2) least common type of WBC
3) destroy parasitic organisms in the body’s tissues
4) most common blood cell

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25
Q

Chromosomes

A

genetic structures found in the nucleus

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26
Q

Communicable disease

A

capable of being transmitted

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27
Q

Congenital disorder

A

birth defect, and developmental disorder

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28
Q

Congestive heart failure

A

heart has buildup of fluid because it is unable to pump out all the blood it receives

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29
Q

Coronary thrombosis

A

damage to the heart muscle caused by a thrombus blocking the coronary artery

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30
Q

Craniostenosis

A

premature closure of cranial sutures

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31
Q

Crepitation

A

when the ends of broken bones move together, a grating sound can be heard/felt

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32
Q

Cyanosis

A

the bluish discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen

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33
Q

Deep vein thrombosis

A

blood clot on the wall of a deep vein

34
Q

Disease transmission:
airborne
direct contact
indirect contact

A

1) passed through contaminated air/respiratory droplets
2) touching
3) contaminated surface

35
Q

Elevation

A

raising or lifting a body part, raising of rib cage during inhalation

36
Q

Endothelium

A

lines vessels, body cavities, glands and organs

37
Q

Epicondylitis

A

inflammation of the tissue surrounding the elbow, lateral-tennis, medial-golfer

38
Q

Fasciitis

A

inflammation of the fascia

39
Q

Fascioplasty

A

surgical fixation of the fascia

40
Q

Foramen

A

An opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass

41
Q

Flexion

A

decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a limb at a joint

42
Q

Fracture types:
simple
transverse
spiral

A

1) aka closed, bone is broken but there is no open wound
2) fracture is straight across bone (transverse plane)
3) occurs from a severe twisting motion

43
Q

Hamstring injury

A

injury to the muscles and tendons that flex the knee and extend the hip

44
Q

Heart electrical system:
atrioventricular node
sinoatrial node
purkinje fibers

A

1) located on the floor of the right atrium, sends impulses to the Bundle of His from SA node
2) bundle of nerve cells in the heart, “natural pacemaker”
3) relay an electrical signal to the cells of the ventricle walls causing them to contract

45
Q

Hemolytic

A

destroys worn-out red blood cells and releases their hemoglobin to be reused

46
Q

Heart structures:
pulmonary arteries
pulmonary veins
valves

A

1) send blood to lungs from heart
2) send blood to heart from lungs
3) controls flow of blood, prevents back flow

47
Q

Hemopoietic

A

formation of blood

48
Q

Histologist

A

A histologist is a non-physician specialist who studies the microscopic structure of tissues (specialist in tissues)

49
Q

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

distinguished by large, cancerous lymphocytes known as Reed-Sternberg cells

50
Q

Immunodeficiency disorder

A

occurs when the immune response is compromised (weak)

51
Q

Joint types:
cartilaginous
fibrous
synovial

A

1) Joint created by cartilage
2) inflexible joint called suture
3) flexible joint, allows variety of movements

52
Q

Muscle spasm

A

sudden, involuntary contracture of one or more muscle

53
Q

Muscle tissue types
skeletal
smooth
cardiac

A

1) attaches to bone, makes body movement possible
2) involuntary, lines all muscles except heart
3) involuntary, forms heart walls

54
Q

Myeloma

A

tumor of spinal cord/bone marrow

55
Q

Myocele

A

protrusion of a muscle through a tear in the fascia

56
Q

Myoclonus

A

sudden, involuntary jerking of a muscle

57
Q

Myofascial release

A

treats fibromyalgia, is soft tissue manipulation

58
Q

Myolysis

A

degeneration of muscle tissue

59
Q

Neuroplasty

A

surgical fixation of nerves

60
Q

Osteitis

A

inflammation of bone tissue

61
Q

Myoplasty

A

surgical fixation of muscle

62
Q

Osteoporosis

A

marked loss of bone density often associated with aging

63
Q

Osteomalacia

A

abnormal softening of bone

64
Q

Otorhinolaryngology

A

study of the ears, nose, and throat

65
Q

Paget’s disease

A

bone disease of unknown cause that is characterized by excessive breakdown of bone tissue, followed by abnormal bone formation

66
Q

Patella

A

knee cap

67
Q

Plantar flexion

A

bending the foot downward at the ankle

68
Q

Plaque

A

fatty deposit on artery wall

69
Q

Radiograph

A

fracture diagnosed by

70
Q

Red bone marrow vs. yellow bone marrow

A

hemopoietic vs. serves as a fat storage area in the bones

71
Q

Rotation vs. circumduction

A

a circular movement around an axis such as the shoulder joint, a bone turns on its own axis vs. the circular movement at the far end of a limb

72
Q

Shin splint

A

painful condition caused by the muscle tearing away from the tibia

73
Q

Spina bifida

A

congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it

74
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrum below it

75
Q

Sprain

A

injury to a joint that causes damage to a ligament

76
Q

Tendon

A

non-elastic, dense connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone

77
Q

Tibia

A

larger of the lower leg bones

78
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

abnormally small number of platelets circulating in the blood, sometimes associated with abnormal bleeding

79
Q

Tissue types:
muscle
nerve
loose connective
adipose

A

1) can contract and relax
2) reacts to stimuli and impulses
3) surrounds organs, supports nerve cells and blood vessels
4) fat

80
Q

Valvular prolapse

A

organ or internal part protrudes or falls down into an area it doesn’t belong

81
Q

Valvulitis

A

inflammation of valves

82
Q

Word root
Combining form
Prefix
Suffix

A

1)basic meaning of term
2) vowel
3) location, time, number, status
4) indicate procedure, condition, disorder

medterm (22 decks)

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