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medterm > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

1
Q

Abruptio placentae

A

Disorder in which the placenta separates from the uterine wall before birth, leading cause of fetal death

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2
Q

Alopecia

A

hair loss/baldness

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3
Q

Alzheimer’s

A

a group of disorders involving the parts of the brain that control thought, memory, and language. It is marked by progressive deterioration that affects both memory and reasoning capabilities of an individual

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4
Q

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

A

aka lou gehrig’s disease, causes progressive weakness of voluntary muscles

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5
Q

Andropause

A

aka ADAM, androgen decline in the aging male, a progressive decrease of testosterone that usually begins in the late 40s

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6
Q

Aphthous ulcer

A

Aka canker sore or mouth ulcers, are grey-white pits with a red border in the soft tissue lining the mouth. Exact cause unknown but associated with stress, certain foods, and fever

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7
Q

Apnea

A

Absence of spontaneous respiration

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8
Q

Asthma

A

chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways

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9
Q

Bradypnea

A

Abnormally slow breathing, less than 10 breaths per minute

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10
Q

Bruit

A

abnormal sound heard during auscultation of an artery, usually due to a partially blocked, narrowed, or diseased artery

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11
Q

Bruxism

A

The involuntary grinding or clenching of the teeth that usually occurs during sleep and is associated with tension and stress

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12
Q

Cervical dysplasia

A

presence of precancerous changes in the cells of the cervix that can be detected on a pap smear

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13
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

aka pinkeye, inflammation of the eye caused by infection or allergy

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14
Q

Crohn’s Disease

A

chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract; however it is most often found in the ileum and colon. Results in thickening and scarring of the wall of the affected area.

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15
Q

Crust

A

aka scab, collection of dried cellular debris or serum

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16
Q

Cryptorchidism

A

A undescended testicle, a developmental defect in which 1 or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum

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17
Q

Cushing’s Disease

A

prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol (corticosteroid) causes a moon face

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18
Q

Cyanosis

A

Bluish discoloration of the skin caused by the lack of adequate oxygen

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19
Q

Diabetes mellitus

A

group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia that is due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both

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20
Q

Dyspnea

A

“Shortness of breath” difficult or labored breathing

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21
Q

Graves’ Disease

A

unknown cause, immune system attacks the thyroid gland and stimulates excessive amounts of thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism)

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22
Q

Halitosis

A

characterized by unpleasant odor from the mouth

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23
Q

Hashimoto’s Disease

A

autoimmune disease that causes the body’s own antibodies to attack and destroy the thyroid gland cells, often leads to hypothyroidism

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24
Q

Heart murmur

A

abnormal sound that most commonly signifies defective heart valves

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25
Q

Hematoma

A

swelling of clotted blood in tissues

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26
Q

Ischemic stroke

A

most common in older people, Occurs when flow of blood to brain is blocked

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27
Q

Lung cancer

A

Condition in which cancer cells form in the tissues of the lung, leading cause of cancer deaths in US

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27
Q

Macule

A

flat spots on the skin such as freckles

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28
Q

Menarche

A

beginning of the menstrual function

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29
Q

Menopause

A

termination of the menstrual function during middle age

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29
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

MS, a progressive autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation that causes demyelination of the myelin sheaths. This scars the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves and disrupts the transmission of nerve impulses. The damage leaves the patient with varying degrees of pain plus physical and cognitive problems.

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30
Q

Myopia

A

nearsightedness

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31
Q

Nocturnal enuresis

A

Bed wetting/incontinence while sleeping

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32
Q

Nystagmus

A

involuntary rhythmic movement of the eyeball

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33
Q

Oligospermia

A

Abnormally low sperm count of below 20 million/mL

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34
Q

Parkinson’s

A

degenerative central nervous disorder with loss of control over movement

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35
Q

Perimenopause

A

phase between regular menstrual periods and no periods at all

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36
Q

Pustule

A
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37
Q

Rale

A

crackle-like sound during inspiration

38
Q

Salpingitis

A

inflammation of a fallopian tube

39
Q

Stridor

A

high-pitched musical sound caused by blockage in the throat or larynx

40
Q

Type I vs. Type II diabetes

A

insulin deficiency disorder vs insulin resistance disorder

40
Q

Ureterolith

A

a stone located anywhere along the ureter

40
Q

Urinary hesitancy

A

difficulty starting a urinary stream

41
Q

Verrucae

A

Small, hard skin lesions caused by the human papillomavirus; also known as warts

42
Q

Walking pneumonia

A

Caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae and is milder but longer-lasting

43
Q

Wheal

A

small bumps that itch and are often caused by an allergic reaction

43
Q

Epinephrine

A

aka adrenaline, stimulates the sympathetic nervous system

44
Q

Norepinephrine

A

a hormone and neurohormone, plays role in fight or flight by raising blood pressure, strengthening heartbeat, and stimulating muscle contractions

45
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

chemical substances that make it possible for messages to cross from the synapse of a neuron to the target receptors

45
Q

Glucagon

A

stimulates the liver to convert glycogen into glucose

46
Q

Pineal gland

A

influences the sleep wake cycle with melatonin

46
Q

Thymus gland

A

secretes thymosin, posterior to the sternum

47
Q

Alveoli

A

air sacs that are covered with capillaries where gas exchange takes place

48
Q

Hormones

A

chemical messenger with specialized functions that are secreted by endocrine glands directly into bloodstream

49
Q

Structures of the respiratory system

49
Q

Dura mater

A

thick outermost meninges layer

50
Q

Pia mater

A

third layer, consists of delicate connective tissue that contains a rich supply of blood vessels

51
Q

Arachnoid membrane

A

second layer of the meninges, resembling a spider web

52
Q

Sympathetic vs. parasympathetic nerves

53
Q

Cranial nerves

A

12 pairs, named with Roman numerals and for the area or function they serve

54
Q

Myelin sheath

A

protective covering made of glial cells that covers parts of the spinal cord

54
Q

Placenta

A

temporary organ that forms within the uterus, allows for the exchange of nutrients and oxygen and waste between mother, and produces hormones to maintain the pregnancy

55
Q

Liver

A

removes excess glucose from the blood stream and stores it as glycogen, destroys old erythrocytes, removes toxins from blood, secretes bile and enzymes which aid in digestion of fat

56
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

controls flow from stomach to small intestine

56
Q

Lower esophageal sphincter

A

muscular ring that controls the transfer of food from the pharynx to the stomach

57
Q

Different parts of the colon

57
Q

Renal cortex vs. medulla

A

outer region of kidney, contains over a million nephrons vs inner region, contains most of the urine collecting tubules

57
Q

Glomerulus

A

cluster of capillaries found in each nephron

58
Q

Urethral meatus

A

external opening of the urethra

59
Q

Layers of the epidermis

60
Q

Eustachian tubes

61
Q

Structures of the retina

62
Q

Pleural cavity

A

space between the two layers of the pleura which contains a lubricating fluid that decreases friction between the membranes during the breathing process

63
Q

Accessory organs of the digestive system

A

liver, gallbladder, pancreas

64
Q

What is an obstetrician?

A

physician specializing in providing medical care to women during pregnancy, childbirth, and immediately afterward

65
Q

What is an orchiopexy?

A

Repair of an undescended testicle

66
Q

What is an oophorectomy?

A

Surgical removal of both ovaries

67
Q

When does an embryo become a fetus?

A

after 8th week/9th week

68
Q

Know the examination positions.

69
Q

What is auscultation?

A

listening for sounds within the body using a stethoscope

70
Q

What is a radiologist?

A

specializes in diagnosing in and treating an injury using x-rays and other forms of radiant energy

71
Q

What is transesophageal echocardiography?

A

ultrasound image of the heard performed from inside the esophagus

72
Q

What is computed tomography?

A

uses a fan shaped xray beam that rotates around the patient, produces multiple cross-section views of the body

72
Q

What is positron emission tomography?

A

combine tomography with radionuclide tracers to produce enhanced images of selected organ or body areas

73
Q

What is palliative care?

A

treatment that eases symptoms but does not cure the disease

74
Q

Know the difference in complementary and alternative medicine.

75
Q

What is the practice of homeopathy?

A

the use of plant or mineral substances diluted in water or alcohol

75
Q

What is meant by “perfusion of an organ”?

A

blood flow through an organ

76
Q

What are contraindications?

A

factor in the patient’s conditions that makes use of a medication dangerous

77
Q

What is a paradoxical reaction?

A

result of medical treatment that yields the opposite of expected results

78
Q

What is an eructation?

A

Act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach

79
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

wave like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract

80
Q

What is specific gravity (urinalysis)?

A

amount of wastes, minerals and solids present, low-diabetes insipidus high-can indicate dehydration, liver failure or shock

81
Q

What is a red blood cell count?

A

number of erythrocytes in the blood, low count can indicate anemia

82
Q

What is the term for vomiting?

83
Q

What is the body’s response to an allergen?

A

redness, itching, burning, possible anaphylaxis, releases histamines

medterm (22 decks)

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