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medterm > Endocrine test > Flashcards

Endocrine test Flashcards

1
Q

functions of endocrine system

A

hormones: chemical messengers traveling throughout body coordinating growth, metabolism, fertility, produced by endocrine glands directly into bloodstream
Produce hormones that maintain homeostasis

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2
Q

location/function pituitary gland

A

releases antidiuretic hormone that is made by hypothalamus, luteinizing hormone: stimulates ovulation in females
secretes hormones that control activity of other endocrine glands

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3
Q

location/function pineal gland

A

secretes melatonin which influences sleep wake cycle
central portion of brain

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4
Q

location/function thyroid gland

A

each side of larynx, regulates metabolism w/ T4 and T3, produces calcitonin

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5
Q

calcitonin function

A

works together with parathyroid hormone to regulate calcium levels in blood and tissues

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6
Q

T3 and T4 function

A

Regulates metabolism

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7
Q

location/function parathyroid gland

A

Produces parathyroid hormone that works with calcitonin to regulate calcium levels throughout body
Thyroid

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8
Q

location/function thymus

A

secretes thymosin which stimulates T cells to mature
Sternum

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9
Q

what systems do pancreatic islets perform functions in

A

Digestive and endocrine

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9
Q

thymosin function

A

Stimulates T cells to mature

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10
Q

location/function pancreatic islets

A

glucagon-stimulates liver to convert glycogen into glucose which increases amount glucose in bloodstream, control blood sugar levels and glucose metabolism, insulin, stomach

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11
Q

insulin function

A

Allows glucose to enter the cells and stimulates liver to convert glucose into glycogen for storage

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12
Q

location/function adrenal glands

A

work with SNS in response to stress, controls electrolyte levels in body, metabolism, androgens, corticosteroids, cortisol
on top of each kidney

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13
Q

what are electrolytes and their function

A

Minerals found in blood

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14
Q

what are corticosteroids and their function

A

Regulate salt and water levels and metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

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14
Q

what is epinephrine and what is function

A

Aka adrenaline stimulates SNS

15
Q

what is norepinephrine and its function

A

Hormone and neurohormone, fight or flight, raises blood pressure, strengths heartbeat, stimulates muscle contractions

15
Q

location/function gonads

A

male: testicles, produce gametes, female: ovaries, secrete hormones responsible for 2nd sex characteristics during puberty

16
Q

testosterone function

A

stimulates development of male secondary sex characteristics

17
Q

estrogen function

A

secreted by ovaries, maintains female secondary sex characteristics and regulates menstrual cycle

18
Q

what is endocrinologist

A

physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and malfunctions of endocrine glands

19
Q

acromegaly vs gigantism

A

Chronic disease characterized by abnormal enlargement of extremities caused by excessive excretions of growth hormone after puberty
abnormal growth of entire body caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone BEFORE puberty

20
Q

Hashimoto’s disease

A

Autoimmune disease causes body’s antibodies to attack and destroy thyroid gland cells, often leads to hyperthyroidism

21
Q

Graves’ disease

A

unknown cause, immune system attacks thyroid gland and stimulates excessive amounts of thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism)

22
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia that is due to defects in insulin secretion or action or both

22
Q

thyroid storm

A

rare but life threatening condition caused by exaggerated hyperthyroidism, causes fever, chest pain, disorientation

23
Q

hypercalcemia

A

abnormally high levels of calcium circulating in blood instead of stored in bones, can lead to kidney stones

24
Q

effects of abnormal blood sugar levels

A

Polyphagia, hypoglycemia-low blood sugar, hyperglycemia

25
Q

type 1 vs type 2 diabetes

A

Deficiency of insulin, excessive thirst, hunger, urination, weight loss, blurred vision, extreme fatigue, slow healing
Insulin resistance

26
Q

gestational diabetes

A

Occurs during some pregnancies then usually disappears after delivery

27
Q

diabetic coma vs insulin shock

A

Caused by high blood sugar, treated with insulin
caused by very low blood sugar; treated with oral glucose to quickly raise blood sugar level

28
Q

complications that can occur from diabetes

A

heart disease, diabetic retinopathy, kidney disease, peripheral neuropathy, slow wound healing

29
Q

hemoglobin A1c vs fructosamine tests

A

Blood test measures average blood glucose levels over previous 3-4 months
measures average glucose levels over previous 3 weeks and detects changes more rapidly

30
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

A

prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol (corticosteroid) causes moon face

medterm (22 decks)

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