Special Senses Flashcards
1
Q
Cause of secondary glaucoma?
A
Anything that obstructs teh pupil or trabecular meshwork
2
Q
Most common disease of the lens
A
Cataract
3
Q
Blepharitis
A
Inflammation of the eyelids
4
Q
Condition
A
Corneal Ulcer, Corneal edema and hypopyon
5
Q
Condition
A
Corneal lipidosis
6
Q
Condition
A
Otitis Media
7
Q
T/F: Collie Eye Anomaly is always bilateral.
A
True
8
Q
Consequences of otitis media?
A
Inflammation or perforation of tympanic membrane
Erosion of auditory ossicles
Horners syndrome
Osteosclerosis of tympanic bulla
Inflammatory polyps
Progression to otitis interna
9
Q
Condition
A
Corneal edema
10
Q
Glaucoma
A
Increase IOP due to movenment of aqueous
Primary vs Secondary
11
Q
Ciliary-Iridociliary adenoma/carcinomas are typically (benign/malignant)
A
Benign
12
Q
Cause of Keratomalacia
A
Rapidly progressing bacteral infection
13
Q
Condition
A
Anterior Uveitis
14
Q
Primary pathogens causing conjunctivitis are rare except in what species?
A
Cats
15
Q
Cause of Retinal Dysplasia
A
Variety of retinal injuries in the embryonic eye or as inherited condition
16
Q
Condition
A
Corneal Sequestrum
17
Q
Tractional cause of retinal detachement
A
Maturation of fibrin in vitreous
18
Q
Causes of uveitis
A
Hypersensitivity
Infectious
Lens induced
19
Q
Possible underlying factors of otitis externa
A
Allergic disease
Ectoparasitism
Foreign bodies
Conformation
Moisture
20
Q
Anterior Synechia
A
Fibrous adhesions between iris and cornea
21
Q
Posterior synechia
A
Fibrous adhesions between iris and lens
22
Q
Condition
A
Microphthalmia
23
Q
T/F: Histology is recommended for cases of conjunctivitis.
A
False
__________________________
Histology is NOT recommended - by the time clinical signs develop, primary pathogens are gone
24
Q
Otitis media infections are almost always due to what causative agent?
A
Bacterial
25
Phacolytic Lens Uveitis
Leakage of lens proteins from hypermature cataract
26
Pathogenesis of Nodular Granulomatous Episceritis
Immune mediated
27
Type of condition
Corneal pigmentation
28
Causes of Retinitis
Extension from choroiditis or encephalitis
Neurotropic viral infection
Visceral Larval Migrans
29
Bacterial pathogens commonly associated with Otitis media
Pasteurella multocida
Mycoplasma spp
30
Most common cause of blindness in the horse
Equine Recurrent Uveitis
31
Condition
Staphyloma
32
Common name for this condition seen in puppies?
Etiology?
"Blue Eye"
Infectious Canine Hepatitis - CAV
33
Causes of developmental anomalies
Genetic defect
In utero infection
In utero exposure to teratogens
34
Condition
Goniodysgenesis
35
Condition
Keratitis
36
Condition
Iris Hypoplasia
37
Condition
Feline Diffuse Iris Melanoma
38
Lesion associated with Uveal Lymphoma
Thickening and pallor of uvea
39
Consequences of descemetoceles
Iris prolapse
Staphyloma
40
Descemetocele
Perforated Ulcer
41
Causes of Retinal Degeneration and Atrophy
Senile Change
Progressive Retinal Atrophy
Toxicity
Metabolic deficiencies
Increased IOP
42
Pathogenesis of Auricular Hematomas
Trauma - excessive head shaking \> centrifugal shearing forces fracture cartilage and lacerate blood vessels
43
Consequences of otitis externa
Fibrosis
Adnexal atrophy and hyperkeratosis
Constant ear infections
Middle/Inner Ear infections
44
Pathogenesis of Chronic Superficial Keratitis - "Pannus"
Immune mediated
45
Exudative causes of retinal detachement
Choroiditis
Retinitis
Hemorrhage
Neoplasm
46
Condition
Otitis Externa
47
Synechia
Fibrous adhesions
48
Lesion assciated with ciliary-iridociliary adenoma/carcinoma
Discrete nodules in posterior segment
49
Coloboma
Notch like defects of the optic disk, retina and or uvea as a result of defective closure of the embryonic fissure of the eye
50
Lesion associated with Retinal Dysplasia
Jumbling of retinal layers
51
It is important to differentiate Feline Diffuse Iris Melanoma from what other condition?
Melanosis
52
Condition
Auricular Hematoma
53
Consequences of uveitis
Synechia
Pre-iridal fibrovascular membrane
Iris bombe
Cataract
Lens luxation
Glaucoma
Retinal detachment
Phthisis bulbi
54
Lens response to injury:
Hydropic swelling
Hyperplasia and Fibrous Metaplasia
Posterior Lens Epithelial Migration
Chronic "Hypermature"
55
Causes of Corneal Opacity
Corneal Edema
Keratitis
Hyphema
Retinal Hypertensive Vasculopathy
56
Condition?
Retinal Hypertensive Vasculopathy
57
Cyclopia Synophthalmos in lambs is caused by
Ingestion of Veratrum californicum on day 14 of gestation
58
Pathogenesis of Corneal Endothelial Dystrophy
Bilaterally symettrical foci of opacity \> Progress to diffuse opacity
59
Condition
Retinal Dysplasia
60
Condition
Ceruminous Neoplasia
61
Causes of corneal pigmentation
Staphyloma
Chronic Keratitis
Corneal Sequestration
62
Canine Melanoma on the conjunctiva of the eye is likely (benign/malignant)
Malignant
63
Condition
Descemetocele
64
Canine Melanoma on the haired skin of the eye is likely (benign/malignant)
Benign
65
Condition
Cataract
66
Consequences of retinitis
Gliosis (Scarring)
Atrophy
67
Condition
Corneal Ulcer
68
Indications of retinal degeneration and atrophy seen on a fundic exam
Decreased vascularity
Optic disc atrophy
Changes in tapetal reflection
69
Chalazion
Granulomatous infection directed against meibomian gland
70
Most common neoplasm of the external acoustic meatus of dogs and cats
Ceruminous neoplasia
71
Condition
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
72
Otic adenomas are more common in (dogs/cats)
dogs
73
Condition?
Retinal degeneration and atrophy
74
Histologic findings of Nodular Granulomatous Episcleritis
Granulomatous keratoconjunctivitis
75
Keratomalacia - "Melting Ulcers"
Necrosis of corneal epithelium and stroma, usually due to innocent bystander injury from leukocytes
76
DDx for Hyphema
Primary Vascular Lesion
Disorder of Hemostasis
77
Condition
Iris Bombe
78
Corneal Edema occurs in response to
Injury to epithelium
Injury to endothelium
Increased IOP
Immune mediated
79
Condition
Lens-Induced Uveitis
80
Pathogenesis of "Blue Eye" in puppies
Immune complex deposition in corneal endothelium
81
Feline Diffuse Iris Melanoma is seen in cats primarily with what color eyes
Yellow
82
Disease unique to cats due to subsequent ocular trauma. It causes malignant invasion of the eye, down optic nerve and distance metastasis following enuculation.
Intraocular Sarcoma
83
Condition
Equine Recurrent Uveitis
84
Chronic Superficial Keratitis is predisposed in what breed of dog
German Shepherd Dog
85
Condition
Keratitis
86
Condition
Corneal Dermoid
87
Condition
Intraocular sarcoma
88
Condition
Keratic precipiates and rubeosis iridis
89
Etiology of "Blue Eye" in puppies
Infectious Canine Hepatitis - CAV-1
90
Keratitis is a gross feature of
Inflammation
91
Condition
Iris Coloboma
92
Condition
Uveal Lymphoma
93
How do you diagnose corneal ulceration?
Stain eye with Fluorescein Dye
94
Ophthalmoscopic findings of Collie Eye Anomaly
Retinal vessel tortusosity
Focal to diffuse choroidal and tapetal hypoplasia
Optic Nerve Coloboma
Retinal Separation with intraocular hemorrhage
95
Hyphema
Blood in the anterior chamber
96
Common secondary bacterial/fungal pathogens associated with Otitis Externa
Staphylococcus
Pseudomonas
Proteus
Malassezia pachydermatitis
97
Condition
Cyclopia/ Synophthalmos
98
Corneal lipidosis is typically associated with what other disease
Hyperlipidemia
99
Lens Induced Uveitis
Inflammatory response to lens proteins
100
Pathogenesis of Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
Immune mediated injury to lacrimal glands \> decreased tear and or change in composition of tears \> drying of cornea/conjunctivia \> chronic irritation
101
Corneal response to injury:
Edema
Epithelial regeneration
Neutrophil mediated stromal lysis
Neovascularization
Stromal fibrosis
102
Cause of cataracts
Swelling/degeneration of lenticular fibers
103
Staphyloma
entrapped iris
104
Consequences of ciliary-iridociliary adenoma/carcinoma
Secondary Glaucoma
Hyphema
Retinal Detachment
105
Goniodysgenesis
Detectable malformation of the trabecular meshwork
106
Chorioretinitis
Inflammation of Choroid and Retina
107
Condition
Retinal Detachment
108
Gross features of conjunctivitis
Hyperemia
Swelling/Edema
Discharge
Chemosis
Pigmentation
109
Posterior Uveitis
Inflammation of choroid
110
In Feline Diffuse Iris Melanoma the rate of metastasis is (high/slow) and the rate of glaucoma development is (high/slow)
Slow, High
111
Condition
Keratomalacia
"Melting Ulcers"
112
Underlying factors of otitis media
Functionally of auditory tubes
Immunocompetency
113
Condition
Meibomian (sebaceous) adenoma
114
Pathogenesis of Collie Eye Anomally
Genetic - inherited autosomal recessive trait
115
Condition
Conjunctivitis
116
Condition
Ciliary Adenoma or Carcinoma
117
Panophthalmitis
Inflammation of the cornea and sclera
118
Consequences of otitis interna
Meningitis
Vestibular disease
Sensory hair cell loss- permanent hearing impairment
119
Stye
Bacterial infection of hair follicle or meibomian gland - usually staphylococcus aureus
120
Condition
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
121
Characterisitic lesion of Corneal Sequestrum
Black lesion in the cornea
122
Uveal lymphoma is difficult ot differentiate from what other disease?
Uveitis
123
Phacoclastic Lens Uveitis
Rupture of the lens - more severe
124
Endophthalmitis
Inflammation of the uvea, retina, and vitreous
125
Condition
Collie Eye Anomaly
126
Condition
Glaucoma
127
Uveal melanoma is usually (benign/malignant) in dogs
Benign
128
Otic carcinomas are more common in (dogs/cats)
Cats
129
Pathogenesis of Equine Recurrent Uveitis
Hypersensitivity reaction to previous systemic infection
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Leptospira interrogens
130
Anterior Uveitis
Inflammation of iris and ciliary body
131
Corneal Sequestrum
Cats
Localized necrosis of the epithelium and anterior stroma from severe corneal injury. Affected area gets infiltrated with dark pigment that is present in tear film
132
Condition
Luxated Lens
133
Condition
Ankyloblepharon
134
Primary pathogens that cause conjunctivitis
Feline Herpesvirus 1
Chlamydophilia felis
Mycoplasma felis
135
Cause of primary glaucoma?
Goniodysgenesis
136
Condition
Retinal Detachment
137
Evidence of malignancy in eye lesions
Raised lesions
Velvet surface
Distortion of pupil/iris
