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RUSVM Pathology II > Special Senses > Flashcards

Special Senses Flashcards

1
Q

Cause of secondary glaucoma?

A

Anything that obstructs teh pupil or trabecular meshwork

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2
Q

Most common disease of the lens

A

Cataract

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3
Q

Blepharitis

A

Inflammation of the eyelids

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4
Q

Condition

A

Corneal Ulcer, Corneal edema and hypopyon

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5
Q

Condition

A

Corneal lipidosis

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6
Q

Condition

A

Otitis Media

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7
Q

T/F: Collie Eye Anomaly is always bilateral.

A

True

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8
Q

Consequences of otitis media?

A

Inflammation or perforation of tympanic membrane

Erosion of auditory ossicles

Horners syndrome

Osteosclerosis of tympanic bulla

Inflammatory polyps

Progression to otitis interna

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9
Q

Condition

A

Corneal edema

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10
Q

Glaucoma

A

Increase IOP due to movenment of aqueous

Primary vs Secondary

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11
Q

Ciliary-Iridociliary adenoma/carcinomas are typically (benign/malignant)

A

Benign

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12
Q

Cause of Keratomalacia

A

Rapidly progressing bacteral infection

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13
Q

Condition

A

Anterior Uveitis

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14
Q

Primary pathogens causing conjunctivitis are rare except in what species?

A

Cats

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15
Q

Cause of Retinal Dysplasia

A

Variety of retinal injuries in the embryonic eye or as inherited condition

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16
Q

Condition

A

Corneal Sequestrum

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17
Q

Tractional cause of retinal detachement

A

Maturation of fibrin in vitreous

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18
Q

Causes of uveitis

A

Hypersensitivity

Infectious

Lens induced

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19
Q

Possible underlying factors of otitis externa

A

Allergic disease

Ectoparasitism

Foreign bodies

Conformation

Moisture

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20
Q

Anterior Synechia

A

Fibrous adhesions between iris and cornea

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21
Q

Posterior synechia

A

Fibrous adhesions between iris and lens

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22
Q

Condition

A

Microphthalmia

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23
Q

T/F: Histology is recommended for cases of conjunctivitis.

A

False

__________________________

Histology is NOT recommended - by the time clinical signs develop, primary pathogens are gone

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24
Q

Otitis media infections are almost always due to what causative agent?

A

Bacterial

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25
Q

Phacolytic Lens Uveitis

A

Leakage of lens proteins from hypermature cataract

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26
Q

Pathogenesis of Nodular Granulomatous Episceritis

A

Immune mediated

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27
Q

Type of condition

A

Corneal pigmentation

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28
Q

Causes of Retinitis

A

Extension from choroiditis or encephalitis

Neurotropic viral infection

Visceral Larval Migrans

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29
Q

Bacterial pathogens commonly associated with Otitis media

A

Pasteurella multocida

Mycoplasma spp

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30
Q

Most common cause of blindness in the horse

A

Equine Recurrent Uveitis

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31
Q

Condition

A

Staphyloma

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32
Q

Common name for this condition seen in puppies?

Etiology?

A

“Blue Eye”

Infectious Canine Hepatitis - CAV

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33
Q

Causes of developmental anomalies

A

Genetic defect

In utero infection

In utero exposure to teratogens

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34
Q

Condition

A

Goniodysgenesis

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35
Q

Condition

A

Keratitis

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36
Q

Condition

A

Iris Hypoplasia

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37
Q

Condition

A

Feline Diffuse Iris Melanoma

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38
Q

Lesion associated with Uveal Lymphoma

A

Thickening and pallor of uvea

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39
Q

Consequences of descemetoceles

A

Iris prolapse

Staphyloma

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40
Q

Descemetocele

A

Perforated Ulcer

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41
Q

Causes of Retinal Degeneration and Atrophy

A

Senile Change

Progressive Retinal Atrophy

Toxicity

Metabolic deficiencies

Increased IOP

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42
Q

Pathogenesis of Auricular Hematomas

A

Trauma - excessive head shaking > centrifugal shearing forces fracture cartilage and lacerate blood vessels

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43
Q

Consequences of otitis externa

A

Fibrosis

Adnexal atrophy and hyperkeratosis

Constant ear infections

Middle/Inner Ear infections

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44
Q

Pathogenesis of Chronic Superficial Keratitis - “Pannus”

A

Immune mediated

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45
Q

Exudative causes of retinal detachement

A

Choroiditis

Retinitis

Hemorrhage

Neoplasm

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46
Q

Condition

A

Otitis Externa

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47
Q

Synechia

A

Fibrous adhesions

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48
Q

Lesion assciated with ciliary-iridociliary adenoma/carcinoma

A

Discrete nodules in posterior segment

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49
Q

Coloboma

A

Notch like defects of the optic disk, retina and or uvea as a result of defective closure of the embryonic fissure of the eye

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50
Q

Lesion associated with Retinal Dysplasia

A

Jumbling of retinal layers

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51
Q

It is important to differentiate Feline Diffuse Iris Melanoma from what other condition?

A

Melanosis

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52
Q

Condition

A

Auricular Hematoma

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53
Q

Consequences of uveitis

A

Synechia

Pre-iridal fibrovascular membrane

Iris bombe

Cataract

Lens luxation

Glaucoma

Retinal detachment

Phthisis bulbi

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54
Q

Lens response to injury:

A

Hydropic swelling

Hyperplasia and Fibrous Metaplasia

Posterior Lens Epithelial Migration

Chronic “Hypermature”

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55
Q

Causes of Corneal Opacity

A

Corneal Edema

Keratitis

Hyphema

Retinal Hypertensive Vasculopathy

56
Q

Condition?

A

Retinal Hypertensive Vasculopathy

57
Q

Cyclopia Synophthalmos in lambs is caused by

A

Ingestion of Veratrum californicum on day 14 of gestation

58
Q

Pathogenesis of Corneal Endothelial Dystrophy

A

Bilaterally symettrical foci of opacity > Progress to diffuse opacity

59
Q

Condition

A

Retinal Dysplasia

60
Q

Condition

A

Ceruminous Neoplasia

61
Q

Causes of corneal pigmentation

A

Staphyloma

Chronic Keratitis

Corneal Sequestration

62
Q

Canine Melanoma on the conjunctiva of the eye is likely (benign/malignant)

A

Malignant

63
Q

Condition

A

Descemetocele

64
Q

Canine Melanoma on the haired skin of the eye is likely (benign/malignant)

A

Benign

65
Q

Condition

A

Cataract

66
Q

Consequences of retinitis

A

Gliosis (Scarring)

Atrophy

67
Q

Condition

A

Corneal Ulcer

68
Q

Indications of retinal degeneration and atrophy seen on a fundic exam

A

Decreased vascularity

Optic disc atrophy

Changes in tapetal reflection

69
Q

Chalazion

A

Granulomatous infection directed against meibomian gland

70
Q

Most common neoplasm of the external acoustic meatus of dogs and cats

A

Ceruminous neoplasia

71
Q

Condition

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

72
Q

Otic adenomas are more common in (dogs/cats)

A

dogs

73
Q

Condition?

A

Retinal degeneration and atrophy

74
Q

Histologic findings of Nodular Granulomatous Episcleritis

A

Granulomatous keratoconjunctivitis

75
Q

Keratomalacia - “Melting Ulcers”

A

Necrosis of corneal epithelium and stroma, usually due to innocent bystander injury from leukocytes

76
Q

DDx for Hyphema

A

Primary Vascular Lesion

Disorder of Hemostasis

77
Q

Condition

A

Iris Bombe

78
Q

Corneal Edema occurs in response to

A

Injury to epithelium

Injury to endothelium

Increased IOP

Immune mediated

79
Q

Condition

A

Lens-Induced Uveitis

80
Q

Pathogenesis of “Blue Eye” in puppies

A

Immune complex deposition in corneal endothelium

81
Q

Feline Diffuse Iris Melanoma is seen in cats primarily with what color eyes

A

Yellow

82
Q

Disease unique to cats due to subsequent ocular trauma. It causes malignant invasion of the eye, down optic nerve and distance metastasis following enuculation.

A

Intraocular Sarcoma

83
Q

Condition

A

Equine Recurrent Uveitis

84
Q

Chronic Superficial Keratitis is predisposed in what breed of dog

A

German Shepherd Dog

85
Q

Condition

A

Keratitis

86
Q

Condition

A

Corneal Dermoid

87
Q

Condition

A

Intraocular sarcoma

88
Q

Condition

A

Keratic precipiates and rubeosis iridis

89
Q

Etiology of “Blue Eye” in puppies

A

Infectious Canine Hepatitis - CAV-1

90
Q

Keratitis is a gross feature of

A

Inflammation

91
Q

Condition

A

Iris Coloboma

92
Q

Condition

A

Uveal Lymphoma

93
Q

How do you diagnose corneal ulceration?

A

Stain eye with Fluorescein Dye

94
Q

Ophthalmoscopic findings of Collie Eye Anomaly

A

Retinal vessel tortusosity

Focal to diffuse choroidal and tapetal hypoplasia

Optic Nerve Coloboma

Retinal Separation with intraocular hemorrhage

95
Q

Hyphema

A

Blood in the anterior chamber

96
Q

Common secondary bacterial/fungal pathogens associated with Otitis Externa

A

Staphylococcus

Pseudomonas

Proteus

Malassezia pachydermatitis

97
Q

Condition

A

Cyclopia/ Synophthalmos

98
Q

Corneal lipidosis is typically associated with what other disease

A

Hyperlipidemia

99
Q

Lens Induced Uveitis

A

Inflammatory response to lens proteins

100
Q

Pathogenesis of Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca

A

Immune mediated injury to lacrimal glands > decreased tear and or change in composition of tears > drying of cornea/conjunctivia > chronic irritation

101
Q

Corneal response to injury:

A

Edema

Epithelial regeneration

Neutrophil mediated stromal lysis

Neovascularization

Stromal fibrosis

102
Q

Cause of cataracts

A

Swelling/degeneration of lenticular fibers

103
Q

Staphyloma

A

entrapped iris

104
Q

Consequences of ciliary-iridociliary adenoma/carcinoma

A

Secondary Glaucoma

Hyphema

Retinal Detachment

105
Q

Goniodysgenesis

A

Detectable malformation of the trabecular meshwork

106
Q

Chorioretinitis

A

Inflammation of Choroid and Retina

107
Q

Condition

A

Retinal Detachment

108
Q

Gross features of conjunctivitis

A

Hyperemia

Swelling/Edema

Discharge

Chemosis

Pigmentation

109
Q

Posterior Uveitis

A

Inflammation of choroid

110
Q

In Feline Diffuse Iris Melanoma the rate of metastasis is (high/slow) and the rate of glaucoma development is (high/slow)

A

Slow, High

111
Q

Condition

A

Keratomalacia

“Melting Ulcers”

112
Q

Underlying factors of otitis media

A

Functionally of auditory tubes

Immunocompetency

113
Q

Condition

A

Meibomian (sebaceous) adenoma

114
Q

Pathogenesis of Collie Eye Anomally

A

Genetic - inherited autosomal recessive trait

115
Q

Condition

A

Conjunctivitis

116
Q

Condition

A

Ciliary Adenoma or Carcinoma

117
Q

Panophthalmitis

A

Inflammation of the cornea and sclera

118
Q

Consequences of otitis interna

A

Meningitis

Vestibular disease

Sensory hair cell loss- permanent hearing impairment

119
Q

Stye

A

Bacterial infection of hair follicle or meibomian gland - usually staphylococcus aureus

120
Q

Condition

A

Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca

121
Q

Characterisitic lesion of Corneal Sequestrum

A

Black lesion in the cornea

122
Q

Uveal lymphoma is difficult ot differentiate from what other disease?

A

Uveitis

123
Q

Phacoclastic Lens Uveitis

A

Rupture of the lens - more severe

124
Q

Endophthalmitis

A

Inflammation of the uvea, retina, and vitreous

125
Q

Condition

A

Collie Eye Anomaly

126
Q

Condition

A

Glaucoma

127
Q

Uveal melanoma is usually (benign/malignant) in dogs

A

Benign

128
Q

Otic carcinomas are more common in (dogs/cats)

A

Cats

129
Q

Pathogenesis of Equine Recurrent Uveitis

A

Hypersensitivity reaction to previous systemic infection

________________________________________

Leptospira interrogens

130
Q

Anterior Uveitis

A

Inflammation of iris and ciliary body

131
Q

Corneal Sequestrum

A

Cats

Localized necrosis of the epithelium and anterior stroma from severe corneal injury. Affected area gets infiltrated with dark pigment that is present in tear film

132
Q

Condition

A

Luxated Lens

133
Q

Condition

A

Ankyloblepharon

134
Q

Primary pathogens that cause conjunctivitis

A

Feline Herpesvirus 1

Chlamydophilia felis

Mycoplasma felis

135
Q

Cause of primary glaucoma?

A

Goniodysgenesis

136
Q

Condition

A

Retinal Detachment

137
Q

Evidence of malignancy in eye lesions

A

Raised lesions

Velvet surface

Distortion of pupil/iris

RUSVM Pathology II (12 decks)

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