Reproductive Pathology Flashcards by Stephanye Quinn

Causes abortion and focal non-suppurative encephalitis in bovine

Neospora caninum

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Male Torti or Calico cats are an example of what type of sex disorder?

Chromosomal Sex Disorder

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Condition

Teratoma

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Male torties or calico cats are an example of what type of sex disorder?

Chromosomal Sex Disorder

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Condition

Paraovrian Cysts

________________________________

More specifically hydatids of morgagni

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Hippomanes, Yolk Sac Remnants and Allantoic Pouches are typically

Incidental findings

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Etiology of Contagious Agalactia of goats

Mycoplasma agalactiae

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Condition

Mast Cell Tumor

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Metritis

Inflammation of all layers of the uterine wall

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Imperfect fusion of the paramesonephric ducts can result in what sex disorders

Double Vagina

Double Cervix

Uterus Didelphys

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Sex disorder characterized by the failure of fusion of the paramesonephric ducts with the urogenital sinus resulting in a tissue band running across the vagina just cranial to the opening of the urethra.

Imperforate Hymen

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Histologic appearance of what condition

Sertoli Cell Tumor

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Endometrial biopsys are commonly used in what species?

Equids

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Condition

Uterine Prolapse

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Causes abortion in cattle at 7-9 months of gestation. Characterized by chronic necrotizing placentitis. Fetuses may show signs of pneumonia.

Brucella abortus

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Perimetritis

Inflammation extending to tissues surrounding uterus

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Causes abortion between 2-3 months of pregnancy in swine, also has a high incidence of stillborn and weak piglets at term.

Brucella suis

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Condition

Hematocele

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Equine umbilical cords that are too short can cause

Premature separation of the placenta at the site of attachment

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Mastitis in the ewe and goat is usually caused by

Staphylococcus aureus

Mannhemia haemolytica

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Condition

Fibropapillomas

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Condition characterized by suppurative inflammation and accumulation of pus in the uterine lumen, typically develops a few weeks after estrus.

Pyometra

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Causes embryonic loss or overt abortion in cattle. Protozoa can be found in preputial washes, vaginal mucosis and stomach contents of aborted fetus.

Tritrichomonas foetus

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XXY

Klinefelter

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Condition

Pyometra

Causes early embryonic deaths of cattle at 3-4 weeks and characterized by intercotyledonary placentitis and necrosis of the cotyledons

Campylobacter foetus subsp venerealis

Uterine tube is distended and filled with clear watery mucus, usually secondary to obstruction.

Hydrosalpinx

Abnormality of gonadal sex

True Hermaphrodite - Ovotestis

Cause of late term abortion in goats with acute diffuse suppurative placentitis with multifocal to confluent areas of mineralization. Organisms are zoonotic and can be demonstrated with modifed ZN stain.

Coxiella burnetti - Q Fever

Etiology of Contatious Equine Metritis

Taylorella equigenitalis

Morphological Diagnosis

Chronic Vaginitis

Gonadal sex disorder characterized by ovary and testis present in the same individual.

True Hermarphrodite

Causes abortion in equids in the last 3 months of gestation. Gross changes in the fetus include firbin casts in trachea, interstitisal pneumonia, focal necrosis of the liver, and prominant lymphoid follicles in the spleen.

Equine Herpesvirus Abortion - EHV 1

Causes abortion and acute diffuse suppurative placentitis in goats

Coxiella burnetii

Sex disorder due to segmental aplasia of the paramesonephric ducts commonly found in white shorthorn cattle and is associated with the recessive gene for white coat color.

Uterus Unicornis - White Heifer Disease

Endometrial hyperplasia occurs in the result of

Prolonged hyperestrogenism Excess progesterion with estrogen priming

Unilateral Hermaphrodite

Ovotestes one side, ovary or testes on the other

Condition - histologic appearance includes lobules of branching ductal structures lined by epithelial cells surrounded by edematous myoepithelial stroma

Mammary Fibroadenomatous Hyperplasia

Natural defense mechanisms of the marrmary gland

Mechanical barrier Bacterial compouns on teat canal Humoral factors in milk Cellular factors

Condition

Hydrometra

Brain Microscopic Lesions is associated with abortions of what etiology

Protozoal

Chorion

Layer that contacts the mother, in most species fused with the allantosis

General, nonspecific term meaning that ambiguous genitalia are present. Does not idicate the nature or etiology of the abnormality.

Intersex

Causes abortion in cattle durin the last trimester. There are no placental or fetal characteristic lesions thus diagnosis is dependent on rising antibody titers.

Leptospirosis

Cause of abortion and chronic placentitis in bovines

Brucella abortus

Sexual development occurs in what 3 steps

Establishment of chromosomal sex Development of gonadal sex Development of phenotypic sex

Causes abortion and intercotyledonary necrosis in sheep

Chlamydophila abortus

Benign mammary tumors

Adenoma Fibroadenoma Benign Mixed Tumor Duct Papilloma

Histologic appearance of what condition

Seminoma

Differential diagnosis for oophoritis

Tuberculosis Salmonella pullorum IBR BVD

Most likely cause of this mastitis?

Coliform Mastitis

Accumulation of thin or viscoid fluid in the uterus, typically secondary to endometrial hyperplasia or congenital obstruction.

Hydrometra or Mucometra

Causes full term litter consisting of small mummified fetuses in swine.

SMEDI caused by Porcine Parvovirus

Viral infection of sheep that can result in embryonic or fetal death, abortion, mummification, dysmorphogenesis, early postnatal death and birth of weak lambs.

Borders Disease - Hairy Shaker Disease

Cause of abortion and amnionitis in bovines

Ureaplasma diversum

Excessive accumulation of fliud in the amniotic sac associated wtih the malformation of the fetus

Hydraminos

Extra-genital lesions associated with pyometra

Bone marrow depression and anemia Marked extramedullary hematopoiesis Makred Leukocytosis Immune complex glomerulonephritis

Lateral Hermaphrodite

Testis one side, ovary on the other

Mummification

Fetus is retained indefinitely and becomes dehydrated

Causes abortion between day 30-50 of pregnancy in dogs with prolonged vaginal discharge post abortion.

Brucella canis

Venereally transmitted disease of cattle that causes epithelial necrosis.

Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis -IPV Bovine Herpesvirus 1

Causes abortion and multifocal necrotizing hepatitis in sheep

Campylobacter spp

Allantosis

Contains fetal urine and other fluids arising from the membrane itself

Chimera

Individuals composed of two or more cell populations each arising from different individuals

Condition

Prostatic Neoplasia

Condition

Teratoma

Major cause of abortion in ovines. Gross characterisitcs are bright to dark red cotyledons with numerous small soft white nodules

Toxoplasma gondii

Cytology of what condition

Transmissible Venereal Tumors (TVT)

Benign tumor of skeletal muscle may be estrogen dependent in dogs.

Leiomyoma

Arthrogryposis is associated with abortions of what etiology

Schmallenberg Akabane

Conditions caused by what developmental anomaly of the paramesonephric ducts

Imperfect fusion

Phenotypic sex disorder in which the animal is chromsomally male but has female external genitalia the result of persistent mullerian duct syndrome.

Male Pseudohermaphrodite

XX/XY

Chimeras and Mosaics

Histologic appearance of what condition

Sperm Granuloma

Condition

Subinvolution of Placental Sites

Contagious mastitis characterized by acute inflammation due to alpha toxin and results in abscesses, necrosis and gangrene.

Staphylococcus aureus

Placental lesion is associated with abortions of what etiology

Fungal Chlamydiae Protozoal Bacterial

Condition

Cystic Graafian Follicle

Common causes of uterine prolapse

Uterine Hypotony Prolonged dystocia Retained placenta Hypocalcemia Hyperestrogenism

Turner Syndrome

Disease and Etiology

Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis - IPV Bovine Herpesvirus -1

Condition

Epididymis

Myocarditis and Myocardial Necrosis is associated with abortions of what etiology

BVD Neospora Caninum Nutritional Myopathy

Abortion

Expulsion of a fetus prior to the tiem of exptected viability

Causes abortion in cattle during the last trimester of pregnancy and is characterized by exudative intercotyledonary placentitis and tiny pin point yellow foci of necrosis on liver, lung, myocardium, and other organs.

Listeriosis - L. monocytogenes

Pathogenesis of mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome and Late Term Abortions - MRLS

1. Hairs of the easter tent caterpillar embedded into the submucosa of the alimentary tract create microgranulomatous lesions 2. Bacteria from the alimentary tract invade the circulatory system 3. Infections are established in tissues where the immune surveillance is reduced

Abortion in goats is typically due to

Coxiella burnetti Trauma Stress Brucella melitensis Salmonella Iodine deficiency

Condition

Sertoli Cell Tumor

Abnormality of chromosomal sex

Freemartin \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Most common example of chimera in veterinary medicine

Disease

Sperm Granuloma

Condition

Hypospadias

Causes specific, contagious mastitis of ruminants. Healing is by fibrosis causing atrophy of quarters.

Streptococcus agalactiae

Endometritis

Inflammation of the endometrium only

Cystic Gartner's Ducts and Cystic Bartholin's Glands are commonly secondary to

Hyperestrongenism

Condition

Dysgerminoma

Condition occurs most commonly in enlarged uteruses that can result in circulatory embarrassment, death of fetus or uterine rupture.

Uterine Torsion

Condition

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Condition

Mammary Fibroadenoma

Endometrial hyperplasia puts the animal at risk for what

Pyometria

Condition

Transmissible Venereal Tumor (TVT)

Condition

Rupture of the Uterine Artery \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Most commonly occurs in horses

Abnormality in phenotypic sex - chromosomal and gonadal sex agree but the internal or external genitalial are ambiguous

Pseudohermaphroditism

Condition

Granulosa Cell Tumor

Causes acute suppurative to chronic placentitis in sheep and goats. Organism can be identified on a placental smear and abortion depends on when infected.

Ovine Enzootic Abortion - Chalmydophila abortus

Condition

Intrafollicular Hemorrhage

Condition

Mammary Fibroadenomatous Hyperplasia

Condition

Persistent frenulum

Venereal disease manifested by temporary infertility and inflammation of the endometerium. Must be reported to state and federal authorities if suspected.

Contagious Equine Metritis - CEM

Mastitis caused by a variety of pathogens that can be demonstrated in tissues by special stains or cultured from milk.

Granulomatous Mastitis

Phenotypic sex disorder in which the animal is chromsomally female but has male external genitalia the result of iatrogen administration of androgens or progestagens during gestation.

Female Pseudohermaphrodite

Condition

Uterine Torsion

Causes intercotyledonary placentitis and multifocal necrotizing hepatits in sheep.

Campylobacter foetus subsp foetus

Viruses that cause mastitis in sheep and goats

Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Caprine Artheritis Encephalitis - CAE +/- Food and Mouth Disease

Amnionitis is associated with abortions of what etiology

Ureaplasma

Condition

Bilateral Ovarian Hypoplasia

Pathogenesis of endometrial hyperplasia in dogs

1. Estrogen binds to estrogen receptors in endometrium 2. Synthesis of intracellular progesterone receptors 3. Progesterone immunosuppresses, providing a suitable environment for bacteria to grow

Condition

Melanoma / Melanocytoma

Accumulation of pus in the uterine tube following obstruction of the lumen.

Pyosalpinx

Causes abortions at 5-6 months of gestation in cattle. Organisms can be identified in focal brain lesions.

Neospora caninum

Condition

Imperforate Hymen

Actively growing endometrial tissue are explanted to aberrant sites within and outside of the uterus.

Endometrosis

Equine umbilical cords that are too long can cause

Foal strangulation and necrosis of the cervical pole of the placenta

Coding for TDF which upregulates Sox9 expression promoting testicular differentiation.

SRY Gene

Presence of endometrial glands and stroma between the muscle bundles of the myometrium

Adenomyosis

Endometrial biopsies evaulate

Infllamtion Dilation of lymphatics Loss of glands Fibrosis

Diagnostic of what disease?

Call-Exner Bodies are diagnostic of Granulosa Cell Tumors

What dis?

Yolk Sac Remnant

Etiology of Dourine of equids

Equine Herpesvirus 3 Trypanosoma equiperdum

Condition

Prostatitis

Causes abortion and these characteristic placental lesions in sheep

Toxoplasma gondii

Secondary to endometritis and may lead to pyosalpinx commonly seen with Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma infections.

Salpingitis

Contagious mastitis characterized by sudden onset of aglactia, involvment of all four quarters and lack of obvious systemic illness.

Mycoplasma spp

Commonest type of cystic change of the ovaries that is a result of insufficient release of lutenizing hormone.

Cystic Graffian Follicle

Excessive accumulation of fluid in the allantoic sacs associated with uterine disease.

Hydroallantosis

Condition

Uterus Unicornis

Bartholin glands are

Vestibular Glands

Condition

Adventitial Placentation

Causes abortion and these lesions in horses

Equine Herpesvirus

Malignant mammary tumors

Carcinoma Osteosarcoma Carcinosarcoma Fibrosarcoma

Condition

Cystic Gartner's Ducts

Nodular appearance of the vaginal mucosa associated to lymphoid follicle proliferation in cattle seen with Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma infection.

Granular Vaginitis

Histologic appearance of what condition

Prostatic Metaplasia

Environmental mastitis is caused by ubiquitous organisms and may be associated with metritis and septicemia. When caused by this pathogen however disease is acute and fatal due to vascular damage caused by its endotoxin.

E. coli

Except for infectious causes of infertility what is the cause of embryonic mortality and losses?

Chromosomal abnormalities

Disorder resulting in small ovaries without follicles commonly seen in Swedish Highland Cattle and in other cattle/mares with chromosomal abnormalities.

Ovarian hypoplasia

Condition

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Condition

Transmissible Venereal Tumor (TVT)

Rupture of the Uterine Artery in horses can typically be associated with

Copper Deficiency

Metastatic neoplasm of the uterus

Lymphosarcoma

Bilateral Hermaphrodite

Ovotestes both sides

Foci of squamous epithelium on the internal surface of the amnion; they are commonly present on the bovine amnion during the middle trimester of gestation.

Aminotic plaques

Most costly disease of dairy herds, usually due to infectious agents and has peak occurance shortly after calving and in the drying off period of cattle.

mastitis

Uncommon neoplasm composed of abnormal tissue derived from at least two or three germ cell layers. Very common in young horses.

Teratoma

Contagious neoplasm of **histocytic orgin**. Characteristic gross appearance characterized by **papillary to pedunculated or multi-lobulated masses** that are often ulcerated, inflammed and friable. Histologic appearance characterized by solid sheets of large **round/ovoid cells, eosinophilic and granular cells.**

Transmissible Veneral Tumor - TVT

Dermatitis is associated with abortions of what etiology

Mycotic abortions

Gartner ducts are

Vestigial remnants of Wolffian ducts

Abnormality in the number or structure of the sex chromosomes

Abnormalities of Chromosomal Sex

Condition

Interstitial Cell Tumor

Mosaics

Individuals composed of two or more cell populations but the cells origninate within the same individual

Viral abortions in cattle can be caused by

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Akabane Virus BHV -1 Blue Tongue Virus Schmallenberg Virus

Condition

Leiomyoma

Condition

Seminoma

Gonadal sex disorder in which gonadal sex does not follow chromosomal sex

Sex Reversal

Stillbirth

Death of the fetus in the last part of gestation during the period where it is independently viable

Chromosomal sex disorder characterized by small ovaries, blind-ended uterus, poorly developed vagina, enlarged clitoris and presence of seminal vesicles in females whereas males are minimally affected.

Freemartin

Maceration

Dead fetus is retained and infected by bacteria

Condition

Spermatocoele

Abnormality of gonadal sex where ovary and testis present in the same individual.

True Hermaphrodite

Condition

Prostatic Hyperplasia

Condition

Varicocele

Contagious Mastitis agents

Streptococcus agalactiae Staphylococcus aureus Mycoplasma spp

Histological appearance of what condition

Prostatic hyperplasia

Histologic appearance of what condition

Interstitial Cell Tumors

Morphological Diagnosis

Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia

Focal necrosis in the liver or other tissues is associated with abortions of what etiology

Herpesvirus Campylobacter

Most likely cause of this gangrenous mastits?

Staphylococcus aureus

Condition

Hydrosalpinx

Most common ovarian tumor in cows and mares. May be steroidally active. Characteristic gross appearance- **polycystic** with **abundant hemorrhage and necrosis**. Histological characterisitc - **call exner bodies**.

Granulosa Cell Tumor

Amnion

smooth translucent membrane that surrounds the fetus and holds amniotic fluid; the fetal side can usually be identified by presence of amniotic plaques

Condition

Mycotic Abortion

Disease

Cryptochidism

Benign, non neoplastic proliferation of mammary ducts and connective tissue of cats on prolonged progesteron therapy. Histological appearance characterized by lobules of branching ductual structures lined by epithelial cells surrounded by eematous myoepithelial stroma.

Mammary Fibroadematous Hyperplasia

Development of intercotyledonary placentation in cattle as a mechanism of compensaiotn of inadequate development of placentomes

Adventitial Placentation

What dis?

Amniotic Plaques

Promote ovarian differentiation and development

DAX I Gene

Condition in which single or multiple cyst extend along the ovarian surface occasionally undergoing neoplastic transformation.

Cystic Subsurface Epithelial Structure - SES

Clinical abnormalities of male torti/calic cats

Testicular Hypoplasia Infertility

Condition manifested by prolonged bloody vaginal discharge postpartum, gross appearance characterized by segmental thickening, endometrial hemorrhage and small amounts of serosanguinous fluid.

Subinvolution of Placental Sites

Morphological diagnosis