Reproductive Pathology Flashcards
Causes abortion and focal non-suppurative encephalitis in bovine

Neospora caninum
Male Torti or Calico cats are an example of what type of sex disorder?

Chromosomal Sex Disorder
Condition

Teratoma
Male torties or calico cats are an example of what type of sex disorder?
Chromosomal Sex Disorder
Condition

Paraovrian Cysts
________________________________
More specifically hydatids of morgagni
Hippomanes, Yolk Sac Remnants and Allantoic Pouches are typically
Incidental findings
Etiology of Contagious Agalactia of goats
Mycoplasma agalactiae
Condition

Mast Cell Tumor
Metritis
Inflammation of all layers of the uterine wall
Imperfect fusion of the paramesonephric ducts can result in what sex disorders
Double Vagina
Double Cervix
Uterus Didelphys
Sex disorder characterized by the failure of fusion of the paramesonephric ducts with the urogenital sinus resulting in a tissue band running across the vagina just cranial to the opening of the urethra.
Imperforate Hymen
Histologic appearance of what condition

Sertoli Cell Tumor
Endometrial biopsys are commonly used in what species?
Equids
Condition

Uterine Prolapse
Causes abortion in cattle at 7-9 months of gestation. Characterized by chronic necrotizing placentitis. Fetuses may show signs of pneumonia.
Brucella abortus
Perimetritis
Inflammation extending to tissues surrounding uterus
Causes abortion between 2-3 months of pregnancy in swine, also has a high incidence of stillborn and weak piglets at term.
Brucella suis
Condition

Hematocele
Equine umbilical cords that are too short can cause
Premature separation of the placenta at the site of attachment
Mastitis in the ewe and goat is usually caused by
Staphylococcus aureus
Mannhemia haemolytica
Condition

Fibropapillomas
Condition characterized by suppurative inflammation and accumulation of pus in the uterine lumen, typically develops a few weeks after estrus.
Pyometra
Causes embryonic loss or overt abortion in cattle. Protozoa can be found in preputial washes, vaginal mucosis and stomach contents of aborted fetus.
Tritrichomonas foetus
XXY
Klinefelter
Condition

Pyometra
Causes early embryonic deaths of cattle at 3-4 weeks and characterized by intercotyledonary placentitis and necrosis of the cotyledons
Campylobacter foetus subsp venerealis
Uterine tube is distended and filled with clear watery mucus, usually secondary to obstruction.
Hydrosalpinx
Abnormality of gonadal sex

True Hermaphrodite - Ovotestis
Cause of late term abortion in goats with acute diffuse suppurative placentitis with multifocal to confluent areas of mineralization. Organisms are zoonotic and can be demonstrated with modifed ZN stain.
Coxiella burnetti - Q Fever
Etiology of Contatious Equine Metritis
Taylorella equigenitalis
Morphological Diagnosis

Chronic Vaginitis
Gonadal sex disorder characterized by ovary and testis present in the same individual.
True Hermarphrodite
Causes abortion in equids in the last 3 months of gestation. Gross changes in the fetus include firbin casts in trachea, interstitisal pneumonia, focal necrosis of the liver, and prominant lymphoid follicles in the spleen.
Equine Herpesvirus Abortion - EHV 1
Causes abortion and acute diffuse suppurative placentitis in goats

Coxiella burnetii
Sex disorder due to segmental aplasia of the paramesonephric ducts commonly found in white shorthorn cattle and is associated with the recessive gene for white coat color.
Uterus Unicornis - White Heifer Disease
Endometrial hyperplasia occurs in the result of
Prolonged hyperestrogenism
Excess progesterion with estrogen priming
Unilateral Hermaphrodite
Ovotestes one side, ovary or testes on the other
Condition - histologic appearance includes lobules of branching ductal structures lined by epithelial cells surrounded by edematous myoepithelial stroma

Mammary Fibroadenomatous Hyperplasia
Natural defense mechanisms of the marrmary gland
Mechanical barrier
Bacterial compouns on teat canal
Humoral factors in milk
Cellular factors
Condition

Hydrometra
Brain Microscopic Lesions is associated with abortions of what etiology
Protozoal
Chorion
Layer that contacts the mother, in most species fused with the allantosis
General, nonspecific term meaning that ambiguous genitalia are present. Does not idicate the nature or etiology of the abnormality.
Intersex
Causes abortion in cattle durin the last trimester. There are no placental or fetal characteristic lesions thus diagnosis is dependent on rising antibody titers.
Leptospirosis
Cause of abortion and chronic placentitis in bovines

Brucella abortus
Sexual development occurs in what 3 steps
Establishment of chromosomal sex
Development of gonadal sex
Development of phenotypic sex
Causes abortion and intercotyledonary necrosis in sheep

Chlamydophila abortus
Benign mammary tumors
Adenoma
Fibroadenoma
Benign Mixed Tumor
Duct Papilloma
Histologic appearance of what condition

Seminoma
Differential diagnosis for oophoritis
Tuberculosis
Salmonella pullorum
IBR
BVD
Most likely cause of this mastitis?

Coliform Mastitis
Accumulation of thin or viscoid fluid in the uterus, typically secondary to endometrial hyperplasia or congenital obstruction.
Hydrometra or Mucometra
Causes full term litter consisting of small mummified fetuses in swine.
SMEDI caused by Porcine Parvovirus
Viral infection of sheep that can result in embryonic or fetal death, abortion, mummification, dysmorphogenesis, early postnatal death and birth of weak lambs.
Borders Disease - Hairy Shaker Disease
Cause of abortion and amnionitis in bovines

Ureaplasma diversum
Excessive accumulation of fliud in the amniotic sac associated wtih the malformation of the fetus
Hydraminos
Extra-genital lesions associated with pyometra
Bone marrow depression and anemia
Marked extramedullary hematopoiesis
Makred Leukocytosis
Immune complex glomerulonephritis
Lateral Hermaphrodite
Testis one side, ovary on the other
Mummification
Fetus is retained indefinitely and becomes dehydrated
Causes abortion between day 30-50 of pregnancy in dogs with prolonged vaginal discharge post abortion.
Brucella canis
Venereally transmitted disease of cattle that causes epithelial necrosis.
Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis -IPV
Bovine Herpesvirus 1
Causes abortion and multifocal necrotizing hepatitis in sheep

Campylobacter spp
Allantosis
Contains fetal urine and other fluids arising from the membrane itself
Chimera
Individuals composed of two or more cell populations each arising from different individuals
Condition

Prostatic Neoplasia
Condition

Teratoma
Major cause of abortion in ovines. Gross characterisitcs are bright to dark red cotyledons with numerous small soft white nodules
Toxoplasma gondii
Cytology of what condition

Transmissible Venereal Tumors (TVT)
Benign tumor of skeletal muscle may be estrogen dependent in dogs.
Leiomyoma
Arthrogryposis is associated with abortions of what etiology
Schmallenberg
Akabane
Conditions caused by what developmental anomaly of the paramesonephric ducts

Imperfect fusion
Phenotypic sex disorder in which the animal is chromsomally male but has female external genitalia the result of persistent mullerian duct syndrome.
Male Pseudohermaphrodite
XX/XY
Chimeras and Mosaics
Histologic appearance of what condition

Sperm Granuloma
Condition

Subinvolution of Placental Sites
Contagious mastitis characterized by acute inflammation due to alpha toxin and results in abscesses, necrosis and gangrene.
Staphylococcus aureus
Placental lesion is associated with abortions of what etiology
Fungal
Chlamydiae
Protozoal
Bacterial
Condition

Cystic Graafian Follicle
Common causes of uterine prolapse
Uterine Hypotony
Prolonged dystocia
Retained placenta
Hypocalcemia
Hyperestrogenism
XO
Turner Syndrome
Disease and Etiology

Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis - IPV
Bovine Herpesvirus -1
Condition

Epididymis
Myocarditis and Myocardial Necrosis is associated with abortions of what etiology
BVD
Neospora Caninum
Nutritional Myopathy
Abortion
Expulsion of a fetus prior to the tiem of exptected viability
Causes abortion in cattle during the last trimester of pregnancy and is characterized by exudative intercotyledonary placentitis and tiny pin point yellow foci of necrosis on liver, lung, myocardium, and other organs.
Listeriosis - L. monocytogenes
Pathogenesis of mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome and Late Term Abortions - MRLS
- Hairs of the easter tent caterpillar embedded into the submucosa of the alimentary tract create microgranulomatous lesions
- Bacteria from the alimentary tract invade the circulatory system
- Infections are established in tissues where the immune surveillance is reduced
Abortion in goats is typically due to
Coxiella burnetti
Trauma
Stress
Brucella melitensis
Salmonella
Iodine deficiency
Condition

Sertoli Cell Tumor
Abnormality of chromosomal sex

Freemartin
______________________
Most common example of chimera in veterinary medicine
Disease

Sperm Granuloma
Condition

Hypospadias
Causes specific, contagious mastitis of ruminants. Healing is by fibrosis causing atrophy of quarters.
Streptococcus agalactiae
Endometritis
Inflammation of the endometrium only
Cystic Gartner’s Ducts and Cystic Bartholin’s Glands are commonly secondary to
Hyperestrongenism
Condition

Dysgerminoma
Condition occurs most commonly in enlarged uteruses that can result in circulatory embarrassment, death of fetus or uterine rupture.
Uterine Torsion
Condition

Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Condition

Mammary Fibroadenoma
Endometrial hyperplasia puts the animal at risk for what
Pyometria
Condition

Transmissible Venereal Tumor (TVT)
Condition

Rupture of the Uterine Artery
_____________________________
Most commonly occurs in horses
Abnormality in phenotypic sex - chromosomal and gonadal sex agree but the internal or external genitalial are ambiguous

Pseudohermaphroditism
Condition

Granulosa Cell Tumor
Causes acute suppurative to chronic placentitis in sheep and goats. Organism can be identified on a placental smear and abortion depends on when infected.
Ovine Enzootic Abortion - Chalmydophila abortus
Condition

Intrafollicular Hemorrhage
Condition

Mammary Fibroadenomatous Hyperplasia
Condition

Persistent frenulum
Venereal disease manifested by temporary infertility and inflammation of the endometerium. Must be reported to state and federal authorities if suspected.
Contagious Equine Metritis - CEM
Mastitis caused by a variety of pathogens that can be demonstrated in tissues by special stains or cultured from milk.
Granulomatous Mastitis
Phenotypic sex disorder in which the animal is chromsomally female but has male external genitalia the result of iatrogen administration of androgens or progestagens during gestation.
Female Pseudohermaphrodite
Condition

Uterine Torsion
Causes intercotyledonary placentitis and multifocal necrotizing hepatits in sheep.
Campylobacter foetus subsp foetus
Viruses that cause mastitis in sheep and goats
Ovine Progressive Pneumonia
Caprine Artheritis Encephalitis - CAE
+/- Food and Mouth Disease
Amnionitis is associated with abortions of what etiology
Ureaplasma
Condition

Bilateral Ovarian Hypoplasia
Pathogenesis of endometrial hyperplasia in dogs
- Estrogen binds to estrogen receptors in endometrium
- Synthesis of intracellular progesterone receptors
- Progesterone immunosuppresses, providing a suitable environment for bacteria to grow
Condition

Melanoma / Melanocytoma
Accumulation of pus in the uterine tube following obstruction of the lumen.
Pyosalpinx
Causes abortions at 5-6 months of gestation in cattle. Organisms can be identified in focal brain lesions.
Neospora caninum
Condition

Imperforate Hymen
Actively growing endometrial tissue are explanted to aberrant sites within and outside of the uterus.
Endometrosis
Equine umbilical cords that are too long can cause
Foal strangulation and necrosis of the cervical pole of the placenta
Coding for TDF which upregulates Sox9 expression promoting testicular differentiation.
SRY Gene
Presence of endometrial glands and stroma between the muscle bundles of the myometrium
Adenomyosis
Endometrial biopsies evaulate
Infllamtion
Dilation of lymphatics
Loss of glands
Fibrosis
Diagnostic of what disease?

Call-Exner Bodies are diagnostic of Granulosa Cell Tumors
What dis?

Yolk Sac Remnant
Etiology of Dourine of equids
Equine Herpesvirus 3
Trypanosoma equiperdum
Condition

Prostatitis
Causes abortion and these characteristic placental lesions in sheep

Toxoplasma gondii
Secondary to endometritis and may lead to pyosalpinx commonly seen with Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma infections.
Salpingitis
Contagious mastitis characterized by sudden onset of aglactia, involvment of all four quarters and lack of obvious systemic illness.
Mycoplasma spp
Commonest type of cystic change of the ovaries that is a result of insufficient release of lutenizing hormone.
Cystic Graffian Follicle
Excessive accumulation of fluid in the allantoic sacs associated with uterine disease.
Hydroallantosis
Condition

Uterus Unicornis
Bartholin glands are
Vestibular Glands
Condition

Adventitial Placentation
Causes abortion and these lesions in horses

Equine Herpesvirus
Malignant mammary tumors
Carcinoma
Osteosarcoma
Carcinosarcoma
Fibrosarcoma
Condition

Cystic Gartner’s Ducts
Nodular appearance of the vaginal mucosa associated to lymphoid follicle proliferation in cattle seen with Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma infection.
Granular Vaginitis
Histologic appearance of what condition

Prostatic Metaplasia
Environmental mastitis is caused by ubiquitous organisms and may be associated with metritis and septicemia.
When caused by this pathogen however disease is acute and fatal due to vascular damage caused by its endotoxin.
E. coli
Except for infectious causes of infertility what is the cause of embryonic mortality and losses?
Chromosomal abnormalities
Disorder resulting in small ovaries without follicles commonly seen in Swedish Highland Cattle and in other cattle/mares with chromosomal abnormalities.
Ovarian hypoplasia
Condition

Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Condition

Transmissible Venereal Tumor (TVT)
Rupture of the Uterine Artery in horses can typically be associated with
Copper Deficiency
Metastatic neoplasm of the uterus

Lymphosarcoma
Bilateral Hermaphrodite
Ovotestes both sides
Foci of squamous epithelium on the internal surface of the amnion; they are commonly present on the bovine amnion during the middle trimester of gestation.
Aminotic plaques
Most costly disease of dairy herds, usually due to infectious agents and has peak occurance shortly after calving and in the drying off period of cattle.
mastitis
Uncommon neoplasm composed of abnormal tissue derived from at least two or three germ cell layers. Very common in young horses.
Teratoma
Contagious neoplasm of histocytic orgin. Characteristic gross appearance characterized by papillary to pedunculated or multi-lobulated masses that are often ulcerated, inflammed and friable. Histologic appearance characterized by solid sheets of large round/ovoid cells, eosinophilic and granular cells.
Transmissible Veneral Tumor - TVT
Dermatitis is associated with abortions of what etiology
Mycotic abortions
Gartner ducts are
Vestigial remnants of Wolffian ducts
Abnormality in the number or structure of the sex chromosomes
Abnormalities of Chromosomal Sex
Condition

Interstitial Cell Tumor
Mosaics
Individuals composed of two or more cell populations but the cells origninate within the same individual
Viral abortions in cattle can be caused by
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus
Akabane Virus
BHV -1
Blue Tongue Virus
Schmallenberg Virus
Condition

Leiomyoma
Condition

Seminoma
Gonadal sex disorder in which gonadal sex does not follow chromosomal sex
Sex Reversal
Stillbirth
Death of the fetus in the last part of gestation during the period where it is independently viable
Chromosomal sex disorder characterized by small ovaries, blind-ended uterus, poorly developed vagina, enlarged clitoris and presence of seminal vesicles in females whereas males are minimally affected.
Freemartin
Maceration
Dead fetus is retained and infected by bacteria
Condition

Spermatocoele
Abnormality of gonadal sex where ovary and testis present in the same individual.

True Hermaphrodite
Condition

Prostatic Hyperplasia
Condition

Varicocele
Contagious Mastitis agents
Streptococcus agalactiae
Staphylococcus aureus
Mycoplasma spp
Histological appearance of what condition

Prostatic hyperplasia
Histologic appearance of what condition

Interstitial Cell Tumors
Morphological Diagnosis

Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia
Focal necrosis in the liver or other tissues is associated with abortions of what etiology
Herpesvirus
Campylobacter
Most likely cause of this gangrenous mastits?

Staphylococcus aureus
Condition

Hydrosalpinx
Most common ovarian tumor in cows and mares. May be steroidally active. Characteristic gross appearance- polycystic with abundant hemorrhage and necrosis. Histological characterisitc - call exner bodies.
Granulosa Cell Tumor
Amnion
smooth translucent membrane that surrounds the fetus and holds amniotic fluid; the fetal side can usually be identified by presence of amniotic plaques
Condition

Mycotic Abortion
Disease

Cryptochidism
Benign, non neoplastic proliferation of mammary ducts and connective tissue of cats on prolonged progesteron therapy. Histological appearance characterized by lobules of branching ductual structures lined by epithelial cells surrounded by eematous myoepithelial stroma.
Mammary Fibroadematous Hyperplasia
Development of intercotyledonary placentation in cattle as a mechanism of compensaiotn of inadequate development of placentomes
Adventitial Placentation
What dis?

Amniotic Plaques
Promote ovarian differentiation and development
DAX I Gene
Condition in which single or multiple cyst extend along the ovarian surface occasionally undergoing neoplastic transformation.
Cystic Subsurface Epithelial Structure - SES
Clinical abnormalities of male torti/calic cats
Testicular Hypoplasia
Infertility
Condition manifested by prolonged bloody vaginal discharge postpartum, gross appearance characterized by segmental thickening, endometrial hemorrhage and small amounts of serosanguinous fluid.
Subinvolution of Placental Sites
Morphological diagnosis

Diffuse Fibrinosuppurative Metritis
Condition

Endometriosis
Causes abortion in cattle during the last trimester. Characterized by amnionitis.
Ureaplasma diversum
Phenotypic sex disorder in which chromosomal and gonadal sex agree, but the internal or external genitalia are ambiguous.
Pseudohermaphroditism
Condition

Granulomatous Mastitis
Disease

Orchitis
Disease and Etiology

Dourine
Coital Exanthema (EHV-3) and Trypanosoma equiperdum
REVIEW MALE REPRO
REVIEW MALE REPRO
What dis?

Hippomane
______________________
Incidental finding
Tumor of primordial germ cell origin that is the female counterpart of testicular seminoma. All are considered malignant
Dysgerminoma
Neoplasm of the uterus that is common in rabbits

Uterine Adenocarcinoma
Neoplasm

Leiomyoma
Condition

Adenomyosis