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RUSVM Pathology II > Reproductive Pathology > Flashcards

Reproductive Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Causes abortion and focal non-suppurative encephalitis in bovine

A

Neospora caninum

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2
Q

Male Torti or Calico cats are an example of what type of sex disorder?

A

Chromosomal Sex Disorder

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3
Q

Condition

A

Teratoma

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4
Q

Male torties or calico cats are an example of what type of sex disorder?

A

Chromosomal Sex Disorder

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5
Q

Condition

A

Paraovrian Cysts

________________________________

More specifically hydatids of morgagni

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6
Q

Hippomanes, Yolk Sac Remnants and Allantoic Pouches are typically

A

Incidental findings

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7
Q

Etiology of Contagious Agalactia of goats

A

Mycoplasma agalactiae

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8
Q

Condition

A

Mast Cell Tumor

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9
Q

Metritis

A

Inflammation of all layers of the uterine wall

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10
Q

Imperfect fusion of the paramesonephric ducts can result in what sex disorders

A

Double Vagina

Double Cervix

Uterus Didelphys

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11
Q

Sex disorder characterized by the failure of fusion of the paramesonephric ducts with the urogenital sinus resulting in a tissue band running across the vagina just cranial to the opening of the urethra.

A

Imperforate Hymen

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12
Q

Histologic appearance of what condition

A

Sertoli Cell Tumor

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13
Q

Endometrial biopsys are commonly used in what species?

A

Equids

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14
Q

Condition

A

Uterine Prolapse

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15
Q

Causes abortion in cattle at 7-9 months of gestation. Characterized by chronic necrotizing placentitis. Fetuses may show signs of pneumonia.

A

Brucella abortus

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16
Q

Perimetritis

A

Inflammation extending to tissues surrounding uterus

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17
Q

Causes abortion between 2-3 months of pregnancy in swine, also has a high incidence of stillborn and weak piglets at term.

A

Brucella suis

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18
Q

Condition

A

Hematocele

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19
Q

Equine umbilical cords that are too short can cause

A

Premature separation of the placenta at the site of attachment

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20
Q

Mastitis in the ewe and goat is usually caused by

A

Staphylococcus aureus

Mannhemia haemolytica

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21
Q

Condition

A

Fibropapillomas

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22
Q

Condition characterized by suppurative inflammation and accumulation of pus in the uterine lumen, typically develops a few weeks after estrus.

A

Pyometra

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23
Q

Causes embryonic loss or overt abortion in cattle. Protozoa can be found in preputial washes, vaginal mucosis and stomach contents of aborted fetus.

A

Tritrichomonas foetus

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24
Q

XXY

A

Klinefelter

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25
Q

Condition

A

Pyometra

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26
Q

Causes early embryonic deaths of cattle at 3-4 weeks and characterized by intercotyledonary placentitis and necrosis of the cotyledons

A

Campylobacter foetus subsp venerealis

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27
Q

Uterine tube is distended and filled with clear watery mucus, usually secondary to obstruction.

A

Hydrosalpinx

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28
Q

Abnormality of gonadal sex

A

True Hermaphrodite - Ovotestis

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29
Q

Cause of late term abortion in goats with acute diffuse suppurative placentitis with multifocal to confluent areas of mineralization. Organisms are zoonotic and can be demonstrated with modifed ZN stain.

A

Coxiella burnetti - Q Fever

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30
Q

Etiology of Contatious Equine Metritis

A

Taylorella equigenitalis

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31
Q

Morphological Diagnosis

A

Chronic Vaginitis

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32
Q

Gonadal sex disorder characterized by ovary and testis present in the same individual.

A

True Hermarphrodite

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33
Q

Causes abortion in equids in the last 3 months of gestation. Gross changes in the fetus include firbin casts in trachea, interstitisal pneumonia, focal necrosis of the liver, and prominant lymphoid follicles in the spleen.

A

Equine Herpesvirus Abortion - EHV 1

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34
Q

Causes abortion and acute diffuse suppurative placentitis in goats

A

Coxiella burnetii

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35
Q

Sex disorder due to segmental aplasia of the paramesonephric ducts commonly found in white shorthorn cattle and is associated with the recessive gene for white coat color.

A

Uterus Unicornis - White Heifer Disease

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36
Q

Endometrial hyperplasia occurs in the result of

A

Prolonged hyperestrogenism

Excess progesterion with estrogen priming

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37
Q

Unilateral Hermaphrodite

A

Ovotestes one side, ovary or testes on the other

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38
Q

Condition - histologic appearance includes lobules of branching ductal structures lined by epithelial cells surrounded by edematous myoepithelial stroma

A

Mammary Fibroadenomatous Hyperplasia

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39
Q

Natural defense mechanisms of the marrmary gland

A

Mechanical barrier

Bacterial compouns on teat canal

Humoral factors in milk

Cellular factors

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40
Q

Condition

A

Hydrometra

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41
Q

Brain Microscopic Lesions is associated with abortions of what etiology

A

Protozoal

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42
Q

Chorion

A

Layer that contacts the mother, in most species fused with the allantosis

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43
Q

General, nonspecific term meaning that ambiguous genitalia are present. Does not idicate the nature or etiology of the abnormality.

A

Intersex

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44
Q

Causes abortion in cattle durin the last trimester. There are no placental or fetal characteristic lesions thus diagnosis is dependent on rising antibody titers.

A

Leptospirosis

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45
Q

Cause of abortion and chronic placentitis in bovines

A

Brucella abortus

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46
Q

Sexual development occurs in what 3 steps

A

Establishment of chromosomal sex

Development of gonadal sex

Development of phenotypic sex

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47
Q

Causes abortion and intercotyledonary necrosis in sheep

A

Chlamydophila abortus

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48
Q

Benign mammary tumors

A

Adenoma

Fibroadenoma

Benign Mixed Tumor

Duct Papilloma

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49
Q

Histologic appearance of what condition

A

Seminoma

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50
Q

Differential diagnosis for oophoritis

A

Tuberculosis

Salmonella pullorum

IBR

BVD

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51
Q

Most likely cause of this mastitis?

A

Coliform Mastitis

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52
Q

Accumulation of thin or viscoid fluid in the uterus, typically secondary to endometrial hyperplasia or congenital obstruction.

A

Hydrometra or Mucometra

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53
Q

Causes full term litter consisting of small mummified fetuses in swine.

A

SMEDI caused by Porcine Parvovirus

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54
Q

Viral infection of sheep that can result in embryonic or fetal death, abortion, mummification, dysmorphogenesis, early postnatal death and birth of weak lambs.

A

Borders Disease - Hairy Shaker Disease

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55
Q

Cause of abortion and amnionitis in bovines

A

Ureaplasma diversum

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56
Q

Excessive accumulation of fliud in the amniotic sac associated wtih the malformation of the fetus

A

Hydraminos

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57
Q

Extra-genital lesions associated with pyometra

A

Bone marrow depression and anemia

Marked extramedullary hematopoiesis

Makred Leukocytosis

Immune complex glomerulonephritis

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58
Q

Lateral Hermaphrodite

A

Testis one side, ovary on the other

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59
Q

Mummification

A

Fetus is retained indefinitely and becomes dehydrated

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60
Q

Causes abortion between day 30-50 of pregnancy in dogs with prolonged vaginal discharge post abortion.

A

Brucella canis

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61
Q

Venereally transmitted disease of cattle that causes epithelial necrosis.

A

Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis -IPV

Bovine Herpesvirus 1

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62
Q

Causes abortion and multifocal necrotizing hepatitis in sheep

A

Campylobacter spp

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63
Q

Allantosis

A

Contains fetal urine and other fluids arising from the membrane itself

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64
Q

Chimera

A

Individuals composed of two or more cell populations each arising from different individuals

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65
Q

Condition

A

Prostatic Neoplasia

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66
Q

Condition

A

Teratoma

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67
Q

Major cause of abortion in ovines. Gross characterisitcs are bright to dark red cotyledons with numerous small soft white nodules

A

Toxoplasma gondii

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68
Q

Cytology of what condition

A

Transmissible Venereal Tumors (TVT)

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69
Q

Benign tumor of skeletal muscle may be estrogen dependent in dogs.

A

Leiomyoma

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70
Q

Arthrogryposis is associated with abortions of what etiology

A

Schmallenberg

Akabane

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71
Q

Conditions caused by what developmental anomaly of the paramesonephric ducts

A

Imperfect fusion

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72
Q

Phenotypic sex disorder in which the animal is chromsomally male but has female external genitalia the result of persistent mullerian duct syndrome.

A

Male Pseudohermaphrodite

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73
Q

XX/XY

A

Chimeras and Mosaics

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74
Q

Histologic appearance of what condition

A

Sperm Granuloma

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75
Q

Condition

A

Subinvolution of Placental Sites

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76
Q

Contagious mastitis characterized by acute inflammation due to alpha toxin and results in abscesses, necrosis and gangrene.

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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77
Q

Placental lesion is associated with abortions of what etiology

A

Fungal

Chlamydiae

Protozoal

Bacterial

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78
Q

Condition

A

Cystic Graafian Follicle

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79
Q

Common causes of uterine prolapse

A

Uterine Hypotony

Prolonged dystocia

Retained placenta

Hypocalcemia

Hyperestrogenism

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80
Q

XO

A

Turner Syndrome

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81
Q

Disease and Etiology

A

Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis - IPV

Bovine Herpesvirus -1

82
Q

Condition

A

Epididymis

83
Q

Myocarditis and Myocardial Necrosis is associated with abortions of what etiology

A

BVD

Neospora Caninum

Nutritional Myopathy

84
Q

Abortion

A

Expulsion of a fetus prior to the tiem of exptected viability

85
Q

Causes abortion in cattle during the last trimester of pregnancy and is characterized by exudative intercotyledonary placentitis and tiny pin point yellow foci of necrosis on liver, lung, myocardium, and other organs.

A

Listeriosis - L. monocytogenes

86
Q

Pathogenesis of mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome and Late Term Abortions - MRLS

A
  1. Hairs of the easter tent caterpillar embedded into the submucosa of the alimentary tract create microgranulomatous lesions
  2. Bacteria from the alimentary tract invade the circulatory system
  3. Infections are established in tissues where the immune surveillance is reduced
87
Q

Abortion in goats is typically due to

A

Coxiella burnetti

Trauma

Stress

Brucella melitensis

Salmonella

Iodine deficiency

88
Q

Condition

A

Sertoli Cell Tumor

89
Q

Abnormality of chromosomal sex

A

Freemartin

______________________

Most common example of chimera in veterinary medicine

90
Q

Disease

A

Sperm Granuloma

91
Q

Condition

A

Hypospadias

92
Q

Causes specific, contagious mastitis of ruminants. Healing is by fibrosis causing atrophy of quarters.

A

Streptococcus agalactiae

93
Q

Endometritis

A

Inflammation of the endometrium only

94
Q

Cystic Gartner’s Ducts and Cystic Bartholin’s Glands are commonly secondary to

A

Hyperestrongenism

95
Q

Condition

A

Dysgerminoma

96
Q

Condition occurs most commonly in enlarged uteruses that can result in circulatory embarrassment, death of fetus or uterine rupture.

A

Uterine Torsion

97
Q

Condition

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

98
Q

Condition

A

Mammary Fibroadenoma

99
Q

Endometrial hyperplasia puts the animal at risk for what

A

Pyometria

100
Q

Condition

A

Transmissible Venereal Tumor (TVT)

101
Q

Condition

A

Rupture of the Uterine Artery

_____________________________

Most commonly occurs in horses

102
Q

Abnormality in phenotypic sex - chromosomal and gonadal sex agree but the internal or external genitalial are ambiguous

A

Pseudohermaphroditism

103
Q

Condition

A

Granulosa Cell Tumor

104
Q

Causes acute suppurative to chronic placentitis in sheep and goats. Organism can be identified on a placental smear and abortion depends on when infected.

A

Ovine Enzootic Abortion - Chalmydophila abortus

105
Q

Condition

A

Intrafollicular Hemorrhage

106
Q

Condition

A

Mammary Fibroadenomatous Hyperplasia

107
Q

Condition

A

Persistent frenulum

108
Q

Venereal disease manifested by temporary infertility and inflammation of the endometerium. Must be reported to state and federal authorities if suspected.

A

Contagious Equine Metritis - CEM

109
Q

Mastitis caused by a variety of pathogens that can be demonstrated in tissues by special stains or cultured from milk.

A

Granulomatous Mastitis

110
Q

Phenotypic sex disorder in which the animal is chromsomally female but has male external genitalia the result of iatrogen administration of androgens or progestagens during gestation.

A

Female Pseudohermaphrodite

111
Q

Condition

A

Uterine Torsion

112
Q

Causes intercotyledonary placentitis and multifocal necrotizing hepatits in sheep.

A

Campylobacter foetus subsp foetus

113
Q

Viruses that cause mastitis in sheep and goats

A

Ovine Progressive Pneumonia

Caprine Artheritis Encephalitis - CAE

+/- Food and Mouth Disease

114
Q

Amnionitis is associated with abortions of what etiology

A

Ureaplasma

115
Q

Condition

A

Bilateral Ovarian Hypoplasia

116
Q

Pathogenesis of endometrial hyperplasia in dogs

A
  1. Estrogen binds to estrogen receptors in endometrium
  2. Synthesis of intracellular progesterone receptors
  3. Progesterone immunosuppresses, providing a suitable environment for bacteria to grow
117
Q

Condition

A

Melanoma / Melanocytoma

118
Q

Accumulation of pus in the uterine tube following obstruction of the lumen.

A

Pyosalpinx

119
Q

Causes abortions at 5-6 months of gestation in cattle. Organisms can be identified in focal brain lesions.

A

Neospora caninum

120
Q

Condition

A

Imperforate Hymen

121
Q

Actively growing endometrial tissue are explanted to aberrant sites within and outside of the uterus.

A

Endometrosis

122
Q

Equine umbilical cords that are too long can cause

A

Foal strangulation and necrosis of the cervical pole of the placenta

123
Q

Coding for TDF which upregulates Sox9 expression promoting testicular differentiation.

A

SRY Gene

124
Q

Presence of endometrial glands and stroma between the muscle bundles of the myometrium

A

Adenomyosis

125
Q

Endometrial biopsies evaulate

A

Infllamtion

Dilation of lymphatics

Loss of glands

Fibrosis

126
Q

Diagnostic of what disease?

A

Call-Exner Bodies are diagnostic of Granulosa Cell Tumors

127
Q

What dis?

A

Yolk Sac Remnant

128
Q

Etiology of Dourine of equids

A

Equine Herpesvirus 3

Trypanosoma equiperdum

129
Q

Condition

A

Prostatitis

130
Q

Causes abortion and these characteristic placental lesions in sheep

A

Toxoplasma gondii

131
Q

Secondary to endometritis and may lead to pyosalpinx commonly seen with Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma infections.

A

Salpingitis

132
Q

Contagious mastitis characterized by sudden onset of aglactia, involvment of all four quarters and lack of obvious systemic illness.

A

Mycoplasma spp

133
Q

Commonest type of cystic change of the ovaries that is a result of insufficient release of lutenizing hormone.

A

Cystic Graffian Follicle

134
Q

Excessive accumulation of fluid in the allantoic sacs associated with uterine disease.

A

Hydroallantosis

135
Q

Condition

A

Uterus Unicornis

136
Q

Bartholin glands are

A

Vestibular Glands

137
Q

Condition

A

Adventitial Placentation

138
Q

Causes abortion and these lesions in horses

A

Equine Herpesvirus

139
Q

Malignant mammary tumors

A

Carcinoma

Osteosarcoma

Carcinosarcoma

Fibrosarcoma

140
Q

Condition

A

Cystic Gartner’s Ducts

141
Q

Nodular appearance of the vaginal mucosa associated to lymphoid follicle proliferation in cattle seen with Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma infection.

A

Granular Vaginitis

142
Q

Histologic appearance of what condition

A

Prostatic Metaplasia

143
Q

Environmental mastitis is caused by ubiquitous organisms and may be associated with metritis and septicemia.

When caused by this pathogen however disease is acute and fatal due to vascular damage caused by its endotoxin.

A

E. coli

144
Q

Except for infectious causes of infertility what is the cause of embryonic mortality and losses?

A

Chromosomal abnormalities

145
Q

Disorder resulting in small ovaries without follicles commonly seen in Swedish Highland Cattle and in other cattle/mares with chromosomal abnormalities.

A

Ovarian hypoplasia

146
Q

Condition

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

147
Q

Condition

A

Transmissible Venereal Tumor (TVT)

148
Q

Rupture of the Uterine Artery in horses can typically be associated with

A

Copper Deficiency

149
Q

Metastatic neoplasm of the uterus

A

Lymphosarcoma

150
Q

Bilateral Hermaphrodite

A

Ovotestes both sides

151
Q

Foci of squamous epithelium on the internal surface of the amnion; they are commonly present on the bovine amnion during the middle trimester of gestation.

A

Aminotic plaques

152
Q

Most costly disease of dairy herds, usually due to infectious agents and has peak occurance shortly after calving and in the drying off period of cattle.

A

mastitis

153
Q

Uncommon neoplasm composed of abnormal tissue derived from at least two or three germ cell layers. Very common in young horses.

A

Teratoma

154
Q

Contagious neoplasm of histocytic orgin. Characteristic gross appearance characterized by papillary to pedunculated or multi-lobulated masses that are often ulcerated, inflammed and friable. Histologic appearance characterized by solid sheets of large round/ovoid cells, eosinophilic and granular cells.

A

Transmissible Veneral Tumor - TVT

155
Q

Dermatitis is associated with abortions of what etiology

A

Mycotic abortions

156
Q

Gartner ducts are

A

Vestigial remnants of Wolffian ducts

157
Q

Abnormality in the number or structure of the sex chromosomes

A

Abnormalities of Chromosomal Sex

158
Q

Condition

A

Interstitial Cell Tumor

159
Q

Mosaics

A

Individuals composed of two or more cell populations but the cells origninate within the same individual

160
Q

Viral abortions in cattle can be caused by

A

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus

Akabane Virus

BHV -1

Blue Tongue Virus

Schmallenberg Virus

161
Q

Condition

A

Leiomyoma

162
Q

Condition

A

Seminoma

163
Q

Gonadal sex disorder in which gonadal sex does not follow chromosomal sex

A

Sex Reversal

164
Q

Stillbirth

A

Death of the fetus in the last part of gestation during the period where it is independently viable

165
Q

Chromosomal sex disorder characterized by small ovaries, blind-ended uterus, poorly developed vagina, enlarged clitoris and presence of seminal vesicles in females whereas males are minimally affected.

A

Freemartin

166
Q

Maceration

A

Dead fetus is retained and infected by bacteria

167
Q

Condition

A

Spermatocoele

168
Q

Abnormality of gonadal sex where ovary and testis present in the same individual.

A

True Hermaphrodite

169
Q

Condition

A

Prostatic Hyperplasia

170
Q

Condition

A

Varicocele

171
Q

Contagious Mastitis agents

A

Streptococcus agalactiae

Staphylococcus aureus

Mycoplasma spp

172
Q

Histological appearance of what condition

A

Prostatic hyperplasia

173
Q

Histologic appearance of what condition

A

Interstitial Cell Tumors

174
Q

Morphological Diagnosis

A

Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia

175
Q

Focal necrosis in the liver or other tissues is associated with abortions of what etiology

A

Herpesvirus

Campylobacter

176
Q

Most likely cause of this gangrenous mastits?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

177
Q

Condition

A

Hydrosalpinx

178
Q

Most common ovarian tumor in cows and mares. May be steroidally active. Characteristic gross appearance- polycystic with abundant hemorrhage and necrosis. Histological characterisitc - call exner bodies.

A

Granulosa Cell Tumor

179
Q

Amnion

A

smooth translucent membrane that surrounds the fetus and holds amniotic fluid; the fetal side can usually be identified by presence of amniotic plaques

180
Q

Condition

A

Mycotic Abortion

181
Q

Disease

A

Cryptochidism

182
Q

Benign, non neoplastic proliferation of mammary ducts and connective tissue of cats on prolonged progesteron therapy. Histological appearance characterized by lobules of branching ductual structures lined by epithelial cells surrounded by eematous myoepithelial stroma.

A

Mammary Fibroadematous Hyperplasia

183
Q

Development of intercotyledonary placentation in cattle as a mechanism of compensaiotn of inadequate development of placentomes

A

Adventitial Placentation

184
Q

What dis?

A

Amniotic Plaques

185
Q

Promote ovarian differentiation and development

A

DAX I Gene

186
Q

Condition in which single or multiple cyst extend along the ovarian surface occasionally undergoing neoplastic transformation.

A

Cystic Subsurface Epithelial Structure - SES

187
Q

Clinical abnormalities of male torti/calic cats

A

Testicular Hypoplasia

Infertility

188
Q

Condition manifested by prolonged bloody vaginal discharge postpartum, gross appearance characterized by segmental thickening, endometrial hemorrhage and small amounts of serosanguinous fluid.

A

Subinvolution of Placental Sites

189
Q

Morphological diagnosis

A

Diffuse Fibrinosuppurative Metritis

190
Q

Condition

A

Endometriosis

191
Q

Causes abortion in cattle during the last trimester. Characterized by amnionitis.

A

Ureaplasma diversum

192
Q

Phenotypic sex disorder in which chromosomal and gonadal sex agree, but the internal or external genitalia are ambiguous.

A

Pseudohermaphroditism

193
Q

Condition

A

Granulomatous Mastitis

194
Q

Disease

A

Orchitis

195
Q

Disease and Etiology

A

Dourine

Coital Exanthema (EHV-3) and Trypanosoma equiperdum

196
Q

REVIEW MALE REPRO

A

REVIEW MALE REPRO

197
Q

What dis?

A

Hippomane

______________________

Incidental finding

198
Q

Tumor of primordial germ cell origin that is the female counterpart of testicular seminoma. All are considered malignant

A

Dysgerminoma

199
Q

Neoplasm of the uterus that is common in rabbits

A

Uterine Adenocarcinoma

200
Q

Neoplasm

A

Leiomyoma

201
Q

Condition

A

Adenomyosis

RUSVM Pathology II (12 decks)

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