Alimentary System Pathology Flashcards
Normal oral or gastrointestinal mucosa should look
Smooth and shiny
Why is feces considered a window into the health of the alimentary system?
Quality and quantity of the feces is often an early indicator of alimentary dysfunction
Portals of entry for pathogens of the alimentary system
Ingestion
Coughed up by lungs and swallowed
Systemic hematogenous route
Migration through the body
Defense mechanisms of the alimentary tract
Saliva
Resident flora and fauna
Gastric pH
Immunoglobulins
Vomiting
Intestinal proteolytic enzymes
Phagocytes
High epithelial turnover
Increased peristalsis
Oral Cavity Congenital Diseases
Cleft Palate - Palatoschisis
Cleft Lip - Cheiloschisis
Malocclussions
Palatoschisis and Cheiloschisis cause
Genetic Disorder
Toxins
Maternal exposure to drugs during pregnancy
Palatoschisis
Central defect in the midline fusion of the palatine shelves resulting in communication between the oral and nasal cavity
Malocclussions
Failure of the upper and lower incisors to interdigitate properly - results in difficulty in prehension and mastication of food
Brachygnathia
Shorter lower jaw
_________________
Inferior vs Superior
Prognathia
Protrusion of the lower jaw
Oral Cavity: Dental/Peridontal Diseases
Dental Attrition
Periodontal Disease
Dental Attrition
Loss of tooth structure caused by mastication
Abnormal wearing of teeth is most common in
Herbivores
“Step Mouth”
Periodontal Disease
Resident bacterial films and the acid and enzymes they produce lead to enamel, gingival and periodontal ligament damage
Dental calculus
Mineralized dental plaque
Oral Cavity: Diseases of the Tongue
Actinobacillosis - “Wooden Tongue”
Thrush
Primary diseases of the tongue are (common/rare)
Rare
____________________
Exception : Actinobacillosis
Actinobacillosis causes
chronic stomatitis
Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenum
Seen with Actinobacillosis
Radiating clubs of amorphous eosinophilic material
Thrush - Candidiasis
Candida spp
Observed in young animals treate with antibiotics for long periods of time
Lingual lesions are often manifestation of
Systemic Disease
___________________
Ex: Renal Disease, BVD, FMD
Etiology of Stomatitis
Infectious agents
Trauma
Chemical Injury
Auto-immune
Idiopathic
Clinical signs of Feline Chronic Gingivo-Stomatitis (FCGS)
Oral pain
Dysphagia
Ptyalism
Weight Loss
Vesicle
raised lesion filled with clear fluid located within the epithelium or between the epithelium and lamina propria
Vesicular stomatitides in dogs could be indicative of
Immune Mediated Disease
Vesicular stomatitides in cats are often the result of
Calicivirus infection
Vesicular stomatides in large animals it is important to rule out
Viral diseases
___________________________
Non fatal but result in huge economic loss
Pathogenesis of viral vesicular stomatitides
Viral induced epithelial damage → intracellular edema in keratinocytes → vesicles → bullae → rupture → erosion and ulceration
Viruses that cause vesicular stomatitis
Foot and Mouth Disease
Vesicular Disease
Vesicular Exanthema of Swine
Swine Vesicular Disease
Foot and Mouth Disease clinical signs
Exotic (Foreign) Animal Disease
Drooling, lameness
Pathogenesis of Foot and Mouth Disease
Virus ingestion/inhalation → pharynx → viremia → oral mucosa/epidermal sites → lesions develop in areas subjected to mechanical injury.
