Alimentary System Pathology

Question 1

Normal oral or gastrointestinal mucosa should look

Answer 1

Smooth and shiny

Question 2

Why is feces considered a window into the health of the alimentary system?

Answer 2

Quality and quantity of the feces is often an early indicator of alimentary dysfunction

Question 3

Portals of entry for pathogens of the alimentary system

Answer 3

Ingestion

Coughed up by lungs and swallowed

Systemic hematogenous route

Migration through the body

Question 4

Defense mechanisms of the alimentary tract

Answer 4

Saliva

Resident flora and fauna

Gastric pH

Immunoglobulins

Vomiting

Intestinal proteolytic enzymes

Phagocytes

High epithelial turnover

Increased peristalsis

Question 5

Oral Cavity Congenital Diseases

Answer 5

Cleft Palate - Palatoschisis

Cleft Lip - Cheiloschisis

Malocclussions

Question 6

Palatoschisis and Cheiloschisis cause

Answer 6

Genetic Disorder

Toxins

Maternal exposure to drugs during pregnancy

Question 7

Palatoschisis

Answer 7

Central defect in the midline fusion of the palatine shelves resulting in communication between the oral and nasal cavity

Question 8

Malocclussions

Answer 8

Failure of the upper and lower incisors to interdigitate properly - results in difficulty in prehension and mastication of food

Question 9

Brachygnathia

Answer 9

Shorter lower jaw

_________________

Inferior vs Superior

Question 10

Prognathia

Answer 10

Protrusion of the lower jaw

Question 11

Oral Cavity: Dental/Peridontal Diseases

Answer 11

Dental Attrition

Periodontal Disease

Question 12

Dental Attrition

Answer 12

Loss of tooth structure caused by mastication

Question 13

Abnormal wearing of teeth is most common in

Answer 13

Herbivores

“Step Mouth”

Question 14

Periodontal Disease

Answer 14

Resident bacterial films and the acid and enzymes they produce lead to enamel, gingival and periodontal ligament damage

Question 15

Dental calculus

Answer 15

Mineralized dental plaque

Question 16

Oral Cavity: Diseases of the Tongue

Answer 16

Actinobacillosis - “Wooden Tongue”

Thrush

Question 17

Primary diseases of the tongue are (common/rare)

Answer 17

Rare

____________________

Exception : Actinobacillosis

Question 18

Actinobacillosis causes

Answer 18

chronic stomatitis

Question 19

Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenum

Answer 19

Seen with Actinobacillosis

Radiating clubs of amorphous eosinophilic material

Question 20

Thrush - Candidiasis

Answer 20

Candida spp

Observed in young animals treate with antibiotics for long periods of time

Question 21

Lingual lesions are often manifestation of

Answer 21

Systemic Disease

___________________

Ex: Renal Disease, BVD, FMD

Question 22

Etiology of Stomatitis

Answer 22

Infectious agents

Trauma

Chemical Injury

Auto-immune

Idiopathic

Question 23

Clinical signs of Feline Chronic Gingivo-Stomatitis (FCGS)

Answer 23

Oral pain

Dysphagia

Ptyalism

Weight Loss

Question 24

Vesicle

Answer 24

raised lesion filled with clear fluid located within the epithelium or between the epithelium and lamina propria

Question 25

Vesicular stomatitides in dogs could be indicative of

Answer 25

Immune Mediated Disease

Question 26

Vesicular stomatitides in cats are often the result of

Answer 26

Calicivirus infection

Question 27

Vesicular stomatides in large animals it is important to rule out

Answer 27

Viral diseases

___________________________

Non fatal but result in huge economic loss

Question 28

Pathogenesis of viral vesicular stomatitides

Answer 28

Viral induced epithelial damage → intracellular edema in keratinocytes → vesicles → bullae → rupture → erosion and ulceration

Question 29

Viruses that cause vesicular stomatitis

Answer 29

Foot and Mouth Disease

Vesicular Disease

Vesicular Exanthema of Swine

Swine Vesicular Disease

Question 30

Foot and Mouth Disease clinical signs

Answer 30

Exotic (Foreign) Animal Disease

Drooling, lameness

Question 31

Pathogenesis of Foot and Mouth Disease

Answer 31

Virus ingestion/inhalation → pharynx → viremia → oral mucosa/epidermal sites → lesions develop in areas subjected to mechanical injury.