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RUSVM Pathology II > Liver Pathology > Flashcards

Liver Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Response to Liver Injury

A

Atrophy

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2
Q

What is the stain used and what does it stain?

A

Reticulin Stain

Reticulin fibers

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3
Q

Response to liver injury

A

Regeneration

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4
Q

Response to liver injury? What is the possible cause?

A

Fibrosis

Parasitic migration

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5
Q

Response to liver injury? What is the common name for this disease?

A

Fibrosis

“Milk Spotted Liver”

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6
Q

Condition

A

Cirrhosis

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7
Q

Response to liver injury

A

Biliary hyperplasia

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8
Q

Condition?

A

Capsular Fibrosis - Incidental Finding

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9
Q

Condition?

A

Tension Lipidosis - Incidental Finding

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10
Q

Condition?

A

Hepatic Rupture - Incidental Finding

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11
Q

Condition?

A

Healing of capsular rupture - Incidental Finding

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12
Q

Condition?

A

Liver Autolysis - Post Mortem Change

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13
Q

Condition?

A

Bile Inhibition - Post Mortem Change

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14
Q

Condition?

A

Multifocal Liver Necrosis

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15
Q

Pattern of hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis?

A

Centrilobular Necrosis

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16
Q

Pattern of hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis?

A

Midzonal Necrosis

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17
Q

Pattern of hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis?

A

Periportal Necrosis

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18
Q

Condition?

A

Massive Hepatic Necrosis

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19
Q

Common Cause?

A

Hepatosis Dietetica of Swine

(Massive Hepatic Necrosis)

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20
Q

Condition?

A

Congenital Biliary Cysts

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21
Q

Condition?

A

Congenital Polycystic Liver Disease

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22
Q

Condition?

Common Name?

A

Hepatic Chronic Passive Congestion

“Nutmeg Liver”

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23
Q

Condition?

A

Hepatic Vein Thrombosis

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24
Q

Condition?

A

Telangiectasis

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25
Q

Condition?

A

Amyloidosis

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26
Q

Multifocal hepatic necrosis is indicative of what specific type of hepatitis?

A

Viral Hepatitis

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27
Q

Multifocal necrotizing hepatitis is indicative of what specific type of hepatits

A

Bacterial Hepatitis

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28
Q

Condition?

Etiology?

A

Bacillary Hemoglobinuria

Clostridium haemolyticum

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29
Q

Condition?

Etiology?

A

Tyzzer’s Disease

Clostridium piliforme

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30
Q

Condition?

A

Liver Abcesses

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31
Q

Condition?

A

Granulomatous Hepatitis

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32
Q

Specific type of hepatitis?

A

Mycotic Hepatitis

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33
Q

Condition?

Etiology?

A

Parasitic Hepatitis

Ascaris suum

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34
Q

Condition?

Etiology?

A

Parasitic Hepatitis

Flukes

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35
Q

Condition caused by Fasicola hepatica

A

Chronic Fibrosing Cholangitis

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36
Q

Condition?

Etiology?

A

Parasitic Hepatitis - Hydatidosis

Cestodes

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37
Q

Condition?

Etiology?

A

Protozoal Hepatitis - “Black Head”

Histomonas meleagridis

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38
Q

Condition?

A

Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Toxicity

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39
Q

Condition

A

Cholelithiasis

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40
Q

Condition?

Cause?

A

Hepatocutaneous Syndrome - Superficial Necrolytic Dermatitis

Manifestation of Liver Dysfunction and Failure

41
Q

Condition

Cause

A

Photosensitization

Manifestation of liver dysfunction or failure

42
Q

Condition

A

Hepatic Nodular Hyperplasia

43
Q

Condition

A

Hepatocellular Adenoma

44
Q

Condition

A

Hepatocellular Carcinoma

45
Q

Condition

A

Cholangiocellular Carcinoma

46
Q

What is the largest visceral organ?

A

Liver

47
Q

The liver receives what percent of cardiac output?

A

25%

48
Q

What are the components of the liver structural unit?

A

Central Vein

Portal Triad

Limiting Plate

49
Q

What are the components of the portal triad

A

Bile Ductules

Branches of the portal vein

Hepatic Artery, Nerves, and Lymphatics

50
Q

Which zone of the liver is the most oxygenated?

A

Zone 1 - Centroacinar

51
Q

What cell type makes up 80% of the liver mass?

A

Hepatocytes

52
Q

Kupfer Cells

A

Regional macrophage, participate in immune and regenerative response

53
Q

Stellate Cells

A

Produce and maintain entracellular matrix and store vitamin A

54
Q

Clinical signs of hepatic injury become evident after what percent of parenchyma is injured?

A

75%

55
Q

Liver enzymes used as biomarkers of liver injury

A

AST

ALT

LDH

Alkaline Phosphatase

Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase

56
Q

Responses of the liver to injury

A

Atrophy

Hypertrophy and hyperplasia

Regeneration

Fibrosis

Biliary Hyperplasia

57
Q

Liver atrophy can cause

A

Increased catabolism

Decreased blood flow

Decreased bile flow

Pressure

58
Q

Percentage of liver parenchyma that can regenerate in one week

A

60%

59
Q

Oval cells

A

Differentiate into hepatocytes or bile duct epithelium

60
Q

Requirements for hepatic regeneration

A

Intact framework

Good blood supply

Patent bile ducts

61
Q

What cell type proliferates in hepatic injury leading to replacement by fibrosis

A

Stellate Cells

62
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Hepatocellular nodular proliferation, fibrosis, causing impaired blood and bile flow - End Stage Liver

63
Q

Biliary Hyperplasia

A

Bile duct proliferation - multiple bile ducts

64
Q

Capsular Fibrosis - “Perihepatitis Filamentosa”

A

Incidental liver lesion found in horses that is caused by resolution of peritionitis or parasitic migration

65
Q

Tension Lipidosis

A

Incidental liver finding of cattle and horses

Focal areas of pale discoloration adjacent to mesenteric attachment

66
Q

Hepatic Rupture

A

Incidental finding of the liver - scars of healed traumatic injury, spider web appearance with hemorrhage

67
Q

Common post mortem changes of the liver

A

Pale, irrecular foci

Green/black discoloration

Emphysema

Autolysis

Bile inhibition

68
Q

Possible eitiologies for Multifocal LIver Necrosis

A

Bacterial

Viral

Parasitic

69
Q

Zonal Necrosis

A

Defined areas within hepatic lobule or acini are affected

70
Q

Common cause of Centrilobular Necrosis

A

Hypoxia

71
Q

Periportal Necrosis

A

Bridging from one portal area to another

72
Q

Common etiology of Periportal Necrosis

A

Toxin

73
Q

Hepatosis Dietetica of swine causes what heptic lesions

A

Massive Hepatic Necrosis

74
Q

Cause of Hepatosis Dietetica of Swine

A

Associated with generation of free radicals and deficiency of vitamin E/selenium

75
Q

Biliary Cysts

A

Incidental finding - abnormal development of bile ductules

76
Q

Polycystic Liver Disease

A

Multiple cysts located in the liver and kidney

77
Q

Polycystic Liver Disease needs to be differentiated from

A

Parasitic Cyts

78
Q

Acute Hepatic Congestion

A

Slight enlargement, prominent reticular pattern

79
Q

Hepatic Chronic Passive Congesion

A

“Nutmeg Liver”

Reticulated pattern due to zonal congestion - blood concentrated around central vein

80
Q

Right sided Congestive Heart Failure causes what type of hepatic lesion?

A

Hepatic Chronic Passive Congestion

81
Q

Hepatic Vein Thrombosis - “Budd Chiari Syndrome” causes

A

Hepatomegaly

Ascites

Abdominal Pain

82
Q

Causes of Hepatic Vein Thrombosis

A

Conditions producing thrombotic tendencies or sluggish flow

83
Q

Congenital Portosystemic Shunts

A

Blood within the portal venous system bypasses the liver and drain into the posterior vena cava or azygous vein

84
Q

Histologic appearance of Congenital Portosystemic Shunts

A

Small hepatocytes

Portel veins in small triads

Prominent hepatic arterioles

85
Q

Telangiectasis

A

Presence of focal areas in which sinusoids are dilated and filled with blood

86
Q

Gross appearance of telangiectasis

A

Irregular, circumscribed, dark-red foci of cavernous ectasia of sinusoids

87
Q

The liver can accumulate:

A

Fat

Glycogen

Amyloid

Copper

88
Q

Pathogenesis of Hepatic Lipidosis

A

Free Fatty Acids > Fatty Acids > Triglycerides > Lipoproteins > Lipid Accumulation

89
Q

Mechanisms of Hepatic Lipidosis

A

Excessive entry of fatty acids

Decreased oxidation

Increased esterification of fatty acids

Decreased apoprotein synthesis

Impaired secretion of lipoprotein

90
Q

Gross appearance of Hepatic Lipidosis

A

Enlarged, heavy, uniform light yellow or orange liver that cuts with ease and is greasy, edges are rounded and surface is smooth - tissue floats

91
Q

Histologic appearance of Hepatic Lipidosis

A

Marked Hepatocellular Vacuolation

92
Q

Stains used to detect hepatic lipidosis

A

Oil Red O

Osmium tetroxide

93
Q

Physiological Fatty Liver

A

Bottleneck movement of lipid through hepatocytes and triglyceride accumulates

94
Q

Bovine Fatty Liver Syndrome

A

Obese animals within few days after parturition, precipiatated by event that causes cow to go off feed.

Influx of fatty acids to the liver and decreased export of lipoprotein from liver

95
Q

Endocrine disorders that can lead to hepatic lipidosis

A

Diabetes mellitus

Hypothyroidism

96
Q

Glycogne accumulation in the liver can cause

A

Diabetes Mellitus

Hyperadrenocorticism

Glycogen Storage Diseases

97
Q

Amyloid accumulation in the liver is a consequence of

A

Prolonged antigenic stimulation

Familial predisposition

98
Q

Histologic appearance of hepatic amyloidosis

A

Amyloid accumulation in space of Disse - atrophy of hepatic cords

99
Q

Special stain used to detect amyloid

A

Congo Red

RUSVM Pathology II (12 decks)

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