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RUSVM Pathology II > Liver Pathology > Flashcards

Liver Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Response to Liver Injury

A

Atrophy

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2
Q

What is the stain used and what does it stain?

A

Reticulin Stain

Reticulin fibers

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3
Q

Response to liver injury

A

Regeneration

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4
Q

Response to liver injury? What is the possible cause?

A

Fibrosis

Parasitic migration

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5
Q

Response to liver injury? What is the common name for this disease?

A

Fibrosis

“Milk Spotted Liver”

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6
Q

Condition

A

Cirrhosis

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7
Q

Response to liver injury

A

Biliary hyperplasia

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8
Q

Condition?

A

Capsular Fibrosis - Incidental Finding

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9
Q

Condition?

A

Tension Lipidosis - Incidental Finding

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10
Q

Condition?

A

Hepatic Rupture - Incidental Finding

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11
Q

Condition?

A

Healing of capsular rupture - Incidental Finding

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12
Q

Condition?

A

Liver Autolysis - Post Mortem Change

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13
Q

Condition?

A

Bile Inhibition - Post Mortem Change

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14
Q

Condition?

A

Multifocal Liver Necrosis

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15
Q

Pattern of hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis?

A

Centrilobular Necrosis

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16
Q

Pattern of hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis?

A

Midzonal Necrosis

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17
Q

Pattern of hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis?

A

Periportal Necrosis

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18
Q

Condition?

A

Massive Hepatic Necrosis

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19
Q

Common Cause?

A

Hepatosis Dietetica of Swine

(Massive Hepatic Necrosis)

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20
Q

Condition?

A

Congenital Biliary Cysts

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21
Q

Condition?

A

Congenital Polycystic Liver Disease

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22
Q

Condition?

Common Name?

A

Hepatic Chronic Passive Congestion

“Nutmeg Liver”

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23
Q

Condition?

A

Hepatic Vein Thrombosis

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24
Q

Condition?

A

Telangiectasis

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25
Condition?
Amyloidosis
26
Multifocal hepatic necrosis is indicative of what specific type of hepatitis?
Viral Hepatitis
27
Multifocal necrotizing hepatitis is indicative of what specific type of hepatits
Bacterial Hepatitis
28
Condition? Etiology?
Bacillary Hemoglobinuria Clostridium haemolyticum
29
Condition? Etiology?
Tyzzer's Disease Clostridium piliforme
30
Condition?
Liver Abcesses
31
Condition?
Granulomatous Hepatitis
32
Specific type of hepatitis?
Mycotic Hepatitis
33
Condition? Etiology?
Parasitic Hepatitis Ascaris suum
34
Condition? Etiology?
Parasitic Hepatitis Flukes
35
Condition caused by Fasicola hepatica
Chronic Fibrosing Cholangitis
36
Condition? Etiology?
Parasitic Hepatitis - Hydatidosis Cestodes
37
Condition? Etiology?
Protozoal Hepatitis - "Black Head" Histomonas meleagridis
38
Condition?
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Toxicity
39
Condition
Cholelithiasis
40
Condition? Cause?
Hepatocutaneous Syndrome - Superficial Necrolytic Dermatitis Manifestation of Liver Dysfunction and Failure
41
Condition Cause
Photosensitization Manifestation of liver dysfunction or failure
42
Condition
Hepatic Nodular Hyperplasia
43
Condition
Hepatocellular Adenoma
44
Condition
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
45
Condition
Cholangiocellular Carcinoma
46
What is the largest visceral organ?
Liver
47
The liver receives what percent of cardiac output?
25%
48
What are the components of the liver structural unit?
Central Vein Portal Triad Limiting Plate
49
What are the components of the portal triad
Bile Ductules Branches of the portal vein Hepatic Artery, Nerves, and Lymphatics
50
Which zone of the liver is the most oxygenated?
Zone 1 - Centroacinar
51
What cell type makes up 80% of the liver mass?
Hepatocytes
52
Kupfer Cells
Regional macrophage, participate in immune and regenerative response
53
Stellate Cells
Produce and maintain entracellular matrix and store vitamin A
54
Clinical signs of hepatic injury become evident after what percent of parenchyma is injured?
75%
55
Liver enzymes used as biomarkers of liver injury
AST ALT LDH Alkaline Phosphatase Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase
56
Responses of the liver to injury
Atrophy Hypertrophy and hyperplasia Regeneration Fibrosis Biliary Hyperplasia
57
Liver atrophy can cause
Increased catabolism Decreased blood flow Decreased bile flow Pressure
58
Percentage of liver parenchyma that can regenerate in one week
60%
59
Oval cells
Differentiate into hepatocytes or bile duct epithelium
60
Requirements for hepatic regeneration
Intact framework Good blood supply Patent bile ducts
61
What cell type proliferates in hepatic injury leading to replacement by fibrosis
Stellate Cells
62
Cirrhosis
Hepatocellular nodular proliferation, fibrosis, causing impaired blood and bile flow - End Stage Liver
63
Biliary Hyperplasia
Bile duct proliferation - multiple bile ducts
64
Capsular Fibrosis - "Perihepatitis Filamentosa"
Incidental liver lesion found in horses that is caused by resolution of peritionitis or parasitic migration
65
Tension Lipidosis
Incidental liver finding of cattle and horses Focal areas of pale discoloration adjacent to mesenteric attachment
66
Hepatic Rupture
Incidental finding of the liver - scars of healed traumatic injury, spider web appearance with hemorrhage
67
Common post mortem changes of the liver
Pale, irrecular foci Green/black discoloration Emphysema Autolysis Bile inhibition
68
Possible eitiologies for Multifocal LIver Necrosis
Bacterial Viral Parasitic
69
Zonal Necrosis
Defined areas within hepatic lobule or acini are affected
70
Common cause of Centrilobular Necrosis
Hypoxia
71
Periportal Necrosis
Bridging from one portal area to another
72
Common etiology of Periportal Necrosis
Toxin
73
Hepatosis Dietetica of swine causes what heptic lesions
Massive Hepatic Necrosis
74
Cause of Hepatosis Dietetica of Swine
Associated with generation of free radicals and deficiency of vitamin E/selenium
75
Biliary Cysts
Incidental finding - abnormal development of bile ductules
76
Polycystic Liver Disease
Multiple cysts located in the liver and kidney
77
Polycystic Liver Disease needs to be differentiated from
Parasitic Cyts
78
Acute Hepatic Congestion
Slight enlargement, prominent reticular pattern
79
Hepatic Chronic Passive Congesion
"Nutmeg Liver" Reticulated pattern due to zonal congestion - blood concentrated around central vein
80
Right sided Congestive Heart Failure causes what type of hepatic lesion?
Hepatic Chronic Passive Congestion
81
Hepatic Vein Thrombosis - "Budd Chiari Syndrome" causes
Hepatomegaly Ascites Abdominal Pain
82
Causes of Hepatic Vein Thrombosis
Conditions producing thrombotic tendencies or sluggish flow
83
Congenital Portosystemic Shunts
Blood within the portal venous system bypasses the liver and drain into the posterior vena cava or azygous vein
84
Histologic appearance of Congenital Portosystemic Shunts
Small hepatocytes Portel veins in small triads Prominent hepatic arterioles
85
Telangiectasis
Presence of focal areas in which sinusoids are dilated and filled with blood
86
Gross appearance of telangiectasis
Irregular, circumscribed, dark-red foci of cavernous ectasia of sinusoids
87
The liver can accumulate:
Fat Glycogen Amyloid Copper
88
Pathogenesis of Hepatic Lipidosis
Free Fatty Acids \> Fatty Acids \> Triglycerides \> Lipoproteins \> Lipid Accumulation
89
Mechanisms of Hepatic Lipidosis
Excessive entry of fatty acids Decreased oxidation Increased esterification of fatty acids Decreased apoprotein synthesis Impaired secretion of lipoprotein
90
Gross appearance of Hepatic Lipidosis
Enlarged, heavy, uniform light yellow or orange liver that cuts with ease and is greasy, edges are rounded and surface is smooth - tissue floats
91
Histologic appearance of Hepatic Lipidosis
Marked Hepatocellular Vacuolation
92
Stains used to detect hepatic lipidosis
Oil Red O Osmium tetroxide
93
Physiological Fatty Liver
Bottleneck movement of lipid through hepatocytes and triglyceride accumulates
94
Bovine Fatty Liver Syndrome
Obese animals within few days after parturition, precipiatated by event that causes cow to go off feed. Influx of fatty acids to the liver and decreased export of lipoprotein from liver
95
Endocrine disorders that can lead to hepatic lipidosis
Diabetes mellitus Hypothyroidism
96
Glycogne accumulation in the liver can cause
Diabetes Mellitus Hyperadrenocorticism Glycogen Storage Diseases
97
Amyloid accumulation in the liver is a consequence of
Prolonged antigenic stimulation Familial predisposition
98
Histologic appearance of hepatic amyloidosis
Amyloid accumulation in space of Disse - atrophy of hepatic cords
99
Special stain used to detect amyloid
Congo Red

RUSVM Pathology II (12 decks)

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