Special Methods

Question 1

Quantitative analysis of crude drugs and derived products

Answer 1

Establish purity
Determine amount of therapeutically active constituents present
Purpose: Standardization

Question 2

The residue remaining after incineration

Answer 2

Ash content

Question 3

What does Ash content represent

Answer 3

Inorganic salts

Question 4

Naturally occurring and adhering to ash content

Answer 4

Inorganic salts

Question 5

Ash content is a basis for

Answer 5

Jusding the identity and cleanliness of a drug
Gives information relative to its adulteration with inorganic matter

Question 6

The ash or residue yielded by an organic chemical compound is a measure of the amount of _____ present as ________

Answer 6

The ash or residue yielded by an organic chemical compound is a measure of the amount of inorganic matter present as IMPURITY

Question 7

Very dull red heat

Answer 7

500 - 550 °C

Question 8

Dull red heat

Answer 8

550 - 700 °C

Question 9

Bright red heat

Answer 9

800 - 1000 °C

Question 10

Yellow-Red heat

Answer 10

1000 - 1200 °C

Question 11

White Heat

Answer 11

1200 - 1600 °C

Question 12

Most important gravimetric factor

Answer 12

Temperature

Question 13

Sample used in Total Ash

Answer 13

2 - 4g of the air-dried material

Question 14

Temperature of Total Ash

Answer 14

675 +/- 25°C (Should not excedd dull redness)

Question 15

Total Ash contains

Answer 15

Carbonates, Phosphates, Sulfates, Chlorides
Oxides of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Al, Fe, and other mettallic constituents

Question 16

TF: Total Ash do not represent all the inorganic constituents

Answer 16

True

Question 16

Formula for Total Ash Determination

Answer 16

% Total Ash = (Wt e.c + Wt c+r) - Wt e.c / Wc + s - W e.c

Question 17

Part of the total ash which is insoluble in diluted or 3N HCl Acid

Answer 17

Acid-Insoluble Ash

Question 18

Boiling the ash obtained in Total Ash with 25 ml of HCl for 5 minutes

Answer 18

Acid-Insoluble Ash

Question 19

Substance used for dissolving the Calcium carbonate, alkali fluoride leaving an acid insoluble residue

Answer 19

HCl

Question 20

Acid-insoluble residue

Answer 20

Silica derived from soil

Question 21

Formula for Acid-Insoluble Ash

Answer 21

% Acid-insoluble Ash = Wt AIA / Wt. Total Ash x 100

Question 22

Part of Total Ash soluble in water after ignition at 450°C

Answer 22

Water Soluble Ash

Question 23

Water Soluble Ash is useful for detecting what

Answer 23

Samples which have been extracted with water

Question 24

Residue of Ignition

Answer 24

Sulfated Ash

Question 25

Used to determine the CONTENT of INORGANIC IMPURITIES in an organic substance

Answer 25

Residue on ignition

Question 26

Temperature used in Residue on Ignition

Answer 26

600 +/- 50C

Question 27

Residue on ignition measures the amount of residual substance not volatilized from a sample when ignited in presence of?

Answer 27

Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)

Question 28

Used in determination of precentage of test material which is volatilized and driven off

Answer 28

Loss on Drying

Question 29

Nondestructive method to the test substane may be converted to another form such as anhydride

Answer 29

Loss on Drying

Question 30

Temperature used on Loss on drying

Answer 30

110 - 120 C

Question 31

Substance used on Loss on Drying Method

Answer 31

Zinc Oxide (1%)
Calamine (2%)
Magnesium SO4 (40-52%)