Southern Hemisphere- Ai Flashcards
1
Q
What are the GIs of the Limestone Coast? Which are closest to the ocean?
A
Mt. Benson
Robe
Mt. Gambier - all three are on the coast
Padthaway
Wrattonbully
Coonawara- all inland
2
Q
What is the farthest north GI of New South Wales?
A
Granite Belt GI
3
Q
What are the subregions of Hawke’s Bay?
A
Esk Valley Darmoor Valley Gimlett Gravels Havelock North Bridge Pa Triangle
4
Q
Which region is father south, Martinborough or Wellington?
A
Wellington is the southern most region on the north island.
5
Q
Waikiki Island, Cleyedon and Kumeu are all subregions of which region?
A
Auckland on the North Island.
6
Q
Where would you find Waitaki Valley?
A
In Canterbury on the South Island.
7
Q
Upper Moutere and Waimea Plains are in which region?
A
Nelson on the South Island
8
Q
Which region is farther west, Nelson or Marlborough?
A
Nelson
9
Q
Where was the Ngaruroro River an influence?
A
In Hawke’s Bay
10
Q
What are the wards of the Breede River Valley?
A
Worcester
Breedkloof
Robertson
11
Q
Describe the climactic and geographic influences in the Coastal region of South Africa.
A
Benguela Current
Cape Doctor Wind- southeastern wind that wards off rot and mildew.
Winter westerlies temper the climate
Mountain ranges: Drakenstein, Holtentots, Holland, Langeberg
12
Q
What does KWV stand for?
A
Ok-Operative Wijnbowers Vereniging
13
Q
When did Jan Van Reibeck found the Dutch East India Company and start making wine in South Africa?
A
1659
14
Q
Describe the soils in the Cape South Coast zone of South Africa
A
The Coastal zone has sandstone mountains resting on granite. There is shales at lower altitudes, river deposits further inland. There is granite, shale and sandstone all on the mountain ranges.
15
Q
When did phylloxera come to South Africa?
A
1886
16
Q
Who influenced winemaking in South Africa in the 1650’s
A
The French Hugenots
17
Q
When was Constantia first exported?
A
1761 it was exported to Europe.
18
Q
When was the Wine of Origin instituted?
A
1973
19
Q
South Africa is # what in terms of volume of production in the world?
A
South Africa is #9 in production
20
Q
What is Roobernet?
A
It is a local South African cross of Cabernet and Pontac
21
Q
What is Ruby Cabernet?
A
A cross of Carignan and Cabernet
22
Q
Crouchen Blanc is also known as what?
A
Cape Riesling
23
Q
What is Hanepoot another name for?
A
Muscat of Alexandria
24
Q
What are the 6 geographical units of South Africa?
A
Northern Cape Eastern Cape Western Cape Kwazula-Natal Limpopo Free State
25
What is Chenel?
Chenel is a cross of Chenin Blanc and Ugni Blanc
26
What is Ugni Blanc also known as in Italy?
Trebbiano di Toscano
27
What are the rules in order to label a wine with the Wine of Origin seal?
Wines must show correct varietal characteristics
Wines go under scientific analysis
Wines must be 85% of one of the 75 approved grapes
85% vintage
100% of production area- whether it is Geographical Unit, region, district or ward.
Single Vineyard wines must be less than 6 hectares.
28
What was the KWV responsible for in the early 20th century?
This cooperative of producers and growers fixed minimum prices, and established areas of production and limits. The KWV opened export markets and lifted boycotts, scrapped quotas to focus on quality rather than quantity.
29
When was the Wine and Spirits Control Act implemented in South Africa?
1924
30
What is the Integrated Production of Wine Scheme?
This is a voluntary certification to comply with environmental standards. Created in 1998. By 2011 85% of all SA wine was certified.
31
```
Douglas
Sutherland-Karoo
Central Orange River
Rietrivier FS
Hart’s water all all districts of which region?
```
Northern Cape
32
What is the sole ward of the Eastern Cape?
St. Francis Bay
33
What are the top red and white grapes planted in Stellenbosch?
```
#1 is Cabernet
#2 is Sauvignon Blanc
```
34
What is the name of the bay in the Coastal region?
False Bay
35
Which region of the Western Cape used to be part of Paarl until 2012?
Wellington
36
What are the wards of Cape Town? When did Cape Town become it’s own district?
```
Cape Town became it’s own district in 2017. The wards are:
Constantia
Hout Bay
Durbanville
Philidelphia
```
37
What are the 7 wards of Stellenbosch?
```
Devon Valley
Jonkershoek Valley
Papegaaiberg
Simonsberg
Banghoek
Polkadraai Hills
```
38
What are the 6 wards of Walker Bay?
```
Bot River
Hegel-en-Aarde Ridge
Hemel-en-Aarde Valley
Upper Hemel-en-Aarde Valley
Sunday’s Glen
Stanford Foothills
```
39
Where would you find the wards Bot River and Sunday’s Glen?
Walker Bay
40
The Polkadraai Hills is a ward within which region?
Stellenbosch
41
What are the major grapes of the Walker Bay?
Pinot Noir and Chardonnay
42
What is the CCPA in South Africa?
Cap Classique Producers Association. Was founded in 1992 and is now over 60 members. Mandates 9 months on the lees and 3 bars of pressure, made in the traditional method.
43
Name a few producers of Cap Classique
```
Tulbagh Winery
Stony Brook
Graham Beck
Klein Constantia
Darling Cellars
```
44
When were grapes first planted in Hawke’s Bay?
1851
45
Which varietal dominates plantings in Gisborne?
Gisborne is the third largest region in terms of paintings- Chardonnay dominates.
46
What are the three subregions of Marlborough?
Southern Valleys
Wairau Valley
Awatere Valley
47
In what year was Chile’s DO system introduced? Effective when?
1994 debuted and effective in 1995
48
What are the six Region Vinicola of Chile?
Atacama, Coquimbo, Aconcagua,
| Valle Central, Sur and Austral
49
Where is Puente Alto DO?
In the Central Valley of Chile within the Valle del Maipo DO
50
What is the minimum of grape varietal required for DO wines from Chile?
75% from country and 85% from a named region
51
What was up des to the Chilean DO system in 2012?
Atacama and Austral were adde to the list of viticultural regions and also created divisions for Costa, Entre Cordilleras and Andes.
52
Name two synonyms for the Mission grape in Chile.
Pais
Criollo Chica
Listan Prieto
53
What are the 4 subregions of Alto Maipo? Name some famous producers located here?
Alto Maipo
Puente Alto
Pirque
Buin
Concha y Toro’s “Don Melchor,” and Vinedo Chadwick’s “Almaviva” both comes from here.
54
Which producer in Chile makes 25% of all Chilean wine? Who is next largest?
Concha y Toro is the largest producer and Carolina is #2
55
What is the major brand of Concha y Toro?
Casillero del Diablo
56
When was Concha y Toro founded?
1883- their most famous wine is Don Melchor from the Alto Maipo. Concha y Toro makes 13.6 million cases (compared to 2 billion bottles total of all Cap Classique produced in South Africa)
57
What are the grapes used for Pisco production?
Moscatel of Alexandria, Moscatel Rosado, Moscatel de Austria, Torontel, PX
58
Which is the warmest region of the Valle Central?
The Rapel Valley
59
Where would the Tinguirica and Cachapol Rivers be located?
Both are in the Central Valley- they form a confluence which turns into the Rapel River.
60
Name three wineries that are based in Colchagua?
Cono Sur
Neyen
Los Vascos
Lapostolle
61
Which are the two largest planted areas of Chile?
The Maule Valley is #1 and Colchagua is #2
62
Where would you find the DOs of Tenu and Lontu?
In the Curico Valley
63
Name the regions of Argentina north to south?
```
Salta
Tucuman
Catamarca
La Rioja
San Juan
Mendoza
Rio Negro
La Pampa
Nequen
```
64
Who makes the famous Torrontes bottling “Crios”
Susana Balboa
65
Where is the Famatina Valley?
It is the most famous region in La Rioja in Argentina
66
What style of wine is produced in San Juan?
Brandy and Vermouth production- it has a very hot climate.
67
What are the subregions of Mendoza?
Mendoza is divided into Northern, Central, Southern and Eastern as well as the Uco Valley
68
What are two types of irrigation used in Mendoza?
Traditional furrow irrigation and modern drop irrigation
69
Which winery founded Bodegas Chacra? Where is this located?
Sassicaia- located in Patagonia, known for Pinot Noir.
70
La Pampa, Nequen and Rio Negro are in which part of Argentina?
In the Patagonia region
71
Which subregion of Mendoza is the highest in elevation?
The Uco Valley, it reaches 900-1400 meters high.
72
Where are the DOs of San Rafael and General Alvear?
In Southern Mendoza
73
Where is Maipu?
In Central Mendoza
74
Please name some outstanding vintages in South Africa since 2010
2017
2016
2015
2012
75
Bad SA vintages since 2010
2014- challenging and rainy- (same as Piedmont)
2013- rot during harvest
2011- drought reduced yields
2010- variable quality
76
Best SA vintages since 2000
2009
2007
2006
77
Worst SA vintages since 2000
2002- bad
| 1999-2001- HOT
78
What are the best Argentine vintages since 2000?
2017
2009
2006
79
Worst recent Argentine vintages?
```
2016- rain and hail vintage
2015- rot and hail
2011- damp year, frost and hail
2008 marginal
2001- rain and unremarkable
```
80
What mountains separate Stellenbosch and Paarl?
The Simonsberg Mountains
81
What mountain is directly next to Constantia?
Table Mountain
82
What is Jerepigo?
Vin Doux natural in South Africa
83
What are some of the tennets of being in the SIP?
```
90% approved variety
European oak used
25% new oak max
Bottled in a Burgundy bottle
No additions
80% of production bottled under the producer’s label
```
84
What are the mountains in Swartland?
The Paardeberg Mountains
85
What is groendroif?
Semillon in South Africa
86
What is moufanoble?
Noble rot in South Africa
87
What are the rules for Cape Late Bottled Vintage?
85% from vintage year. 3 years in oak or bottle. Must be full bodied with dark signs of tawny.
88
What is the first year of the Hospices de Beaune?
1859
89
What are the mountains in Swartland?
The Pardeberg Mountains
90
What are the GIs of the Port Phillip Zone? Which is the coolest region?
```
Port Phillip Zone is in Victoria.
Yarra Valley
Mornington Peninsula
Geelong
Sunbury
Macedon Ranges (coolest region)
```
91
Where is the producer Bindi located?
Macedon Ranges in Victoria
92
What are the top two grapes of the Yarra Valley?
Chardonnay and Pinot Noir
93
Surf Coast
Bellarine
Moorabool Valley are all unofficial subzones of which region in AU?
Geelong GI in the Port Phillip Zone of Victoria
94
Where would you find the Bass Straight?
In the Port Phillip Zone in Victoria
95
What are the subzones of the Uco Valley?
San Carlos
Tunuyan
Tupengato
96
What are the subzones of San Carlos IG?
San Carlos is in the Uco Valley of Mendoza. It has two subzones, La Consulta IG and Paraje Altamira IG
97
Tunuyan, Tupengato and San Carlos are all IGs of which region of Argentina?
The Uco Valley in Mendoza
98
Where is Vista Flores IG?
It is the only subzone of Tunuyan IG within the Uco Valley.
99
What are the three subregions of Central Mendoza?
Godoy Cruz IG
Maipu IG
Lujan de Cuyo IG
100
Maipu IG is where?
In Central Mendoza
101
What are the three subzones of Maipu?
Barancas
Lunlunta
Russel
102
What are the subzones of Lujan de Cuyo IG?
Agrelo IG
| Las Compuertas IG
103
Where is Godoy Cruz IG?
Within Central Mendoza- it is one of the three subzones
Godoy Cruz
Lujan de Cuyo
Maipu
104
What are the two subzones of Southern Mendoza?
San Rafael IG
| General Alvear IG
105
What are the 4 winemaking regions of Argentina?
Center Region
Cuyo IG
North Region
Patagonia IG
106
What are the 4 winemaking provinces of Cuyo IG?
La Rioja Argentina IG
Mendoza IG
San Juan IG
San Luis
107
What are the three main subregions of La Rioja?
Chilecito
Famantina
Felipe Varela
108
Where is La Rioja?
It is in Argentina in the Cuyo Province. La Rioja is north of Mendoza and has three subregions: Chilecito, Famantina, Felipe Vareta.
109
Where is San Juan IG?
It is within Argentina in the Cuyo Province.
110
What are the major subregions of San Juan?
```
Valle de Tullum
25 de Mayo
9 de Julio
Albardon
Angaco
Calingasta
Caucete
Chimbas
Iglesia
Jachal
Position
Dawson
Rivadavia
San Martin
Santa Lucia
Sarmiento
Ullum
Valle Fertil
Zonda
```
111
How are the wine regions of Argentina divided?
First there are n 23 administrative provinces
Departments
Districts
The Geographic Indication or IG system in the country uses these political boundaries for its areas.
Argentina has a small number of DOCs that specify grape varieties, viticultural practice and aging requirements.
112
What does “Reserva” indicate on a bottle of wine from Argentina?
Minimum 6 months aging for white wines and 1 year for reds.
113
What does “Gran Reserva” indicate on a bottle of Argentine wine?
Whites aged for at least one year and reds for two years.
114
What does Reserva and Reserva Especial indicate on a bottle of Chilean wine?
Wines must be a minimum f 12% alcohol. Chilean law requires all wines to show a minimum of 11.5%.
115
What do the terms Reserva Private and Gran Reserva indicate on a bottle of wine from Chile?
12.5% alcohol and mandatory time in oak.
116
How are the wine growing areas divided in Chile?
Chile is divided into 15 administrative regions first. Some of these regions are not corresponding with DOs. There are three basic climates for winegrowing: Norte Chico, Zona Central, and Zona Sur. There are DOs within these regions. The DO system was put in place in 1994.
117
What are the major regions of Brazil?
Serra Gaucha
Sao Joaquim
Serra do Sudeste
Campanha
118
Where is the region Serra Gaucha located?
Brazil- 90% of Brazil’s wine is produced here.
119
What is the sole DO of Brazil?
Val do Vinedos- was the first Origin Indication in 2002
120
Where is Val do Vinhedos?
Within Serra Gaucha in Brazil. It was the first DO in 2002.
121
In what country would the Origin Indication classification be applied?
Brazil- it is very similar to the European model and restricts yields and grape varieties used.
122
What is the name of the organization that regulates Chilean wine label laws?
The Agricultural and Livestock Service ensures compliance with label laws and Chile’s appellation of origin system.
123
Please list the regions for each of these areas:
Wairarapa
Waipara
Waitaki
Waikato
Wairarapa- North island, southernmost region- Wellington is here.
Waipara— South Island within Canturbery
Waitaki- South Island in Central Otago
Waikato- North Island, also known as the Bay of plenty
124
What are the subzones of Central Otago?
```
Alexandra
Bannockburn
Bendigo
Cromwell Basin
Gibbston
Lowburn
Wanaka
```
125
What are the main grapes from Northland?
Syrah, Pinot Gris, and Chardonnay
126
What is the most planted grape in Gisborne?
This region is on the eastern side of the north island of New Zealand. Chardonnay is #1
127
Where are the subregions of Ohau and Gladstone?
In Wairarapa on the North Island, just north of Wellington.
128
Where are the Moutere Hills and Waimea Plains?
Both are regions within Nelson on the north side of the South Island.
129
Where would you find the Ruahine and Kaweka ranges?
Both in Hawke’s Bay- shelter the area from the westerlies.
130
What is the main grape of Wairarapa?
Pinot Noir- this is on the North Island. This region has such low temperatures, but also is reliably dry. This poor soils on free-draining gravels, silts and clay.
131
Where is Martinborough and what is the main grape?
This is a subregion of Wairarapa and is on the south side of the North Island. This region competes with Central Otago for Pinot Noir production.
132
Name some producers that are based in Martinborough
Alta Rangi
| Dry River
133
Where is the Awatere Valley?
Subregion of Marlborough.....
134
What are the subregions of Great Southern?
```
Frankland River
Mount Barker
Denmark
Albany
Porongurup
```
135
What grapes grow predominantly in Mount Barker?
Riesling, Cabernet, Shiraz
136
What grapes are best in Geographe?
Chardonnay, Bordeaux varieties and Tempranillo
137
GI- Peter Lehman
Barossa Valley
138
Where would you find Lenswood and Piccadilly?
Subregions of the Adelaide Hills within the Mount Lofty Ranges region of South Australia
139
What is the main grape of the Piccadilly Valley?
Chardonnay- in the Mount Loft Ranges in South Australia
140
Where is Glenrowan GI? Wine style?
Right next to Rutherglen in Victoria. Known for sweet wines and reds from Durif.
141
Where are the GIs of King Valleys, Alpine Valleys and Beechworth?
All are in the same region as Rutherglen in North East Victoria.
Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, sparkling and experimental grapes do well here.
142
Seppelt’s and Best’s are known for producing good sparkling wines from which region?
Grampians GI in Western Victoria
143
Grampians, Henty and Pyrenees are all part of which region?
Western Victoria
144
Where are the world’s oldest Marsanne vines?
In Nagambie Lakes in Central Victoria
145
What are the three GIs of Central Victoria?
Goulburn Valley
Upper Goulburn
Strathbodgie Ranges
146
Main grape of Strathbodgie Ranges GI?
Riesling- this is in Central Victoria, many vineyards at 1,900 feet.
147
Domaine Chandon makes wine in which region of Australia?
Strathbodgie Ranges in Central Victoria and also in the Yarra Valley
148
What is the GI for Bindi?
Macedon Ranges in Victoria
149
Where would you find the producers Yarra Yering, Middleton, and Seville Estate?
Yarra Valley in Victoria
150
What is the wine “Yattarna?”
Penfold’s white grange- Bin 144 Chardonnay. Some of the fruit comes from Tasmania. 1995 was the first vintage.
151
What are the geographic influences of Tasmania?
The Great Western Tiers mountains
Mount Wellington
Coastal winds
152
What is one way that producers protect their vineyards from wind on the coast of Tasmania?
Screens
153
Describe the rainfall in the Hunter Valley
High rainfall—- 29 inches per year. Most falls during the harvest period.
154
Mountain range closest to the Hunter Valley
The Brokenback Range
155
Major grapes of Hunter Valley
Semillon,,, Chardonnay, Verdello, Shiraz
156
GI: Rosemount Estate
Hunter Valley
157
Describe the GI or Orange
This GI is in New South Wales— it is defined by elevation. Vineyards must be above 600 meters. Riesling, Chardonnay and SB thrive here.
158
Why is Chambourcin planted in Hastings River?
Hastings River is in New South Wales. It is a region that suffers from humidity and planting hybrids has been a solution for vintners there.
159
Where are the Canberra District and Hilltops GI?
New South Wales on the eastern side below Hunter Valley
