Greece Flashcards
What does “Reserve” mean on a bottle?
White: Min 1 year aging, 6 months in barrel, 3 months in bottle
Red: Min 2 year aging, 12 months in barrel, 6 months in bottle
What does “Grand Reserve” mean on a bottle?
White: Min 2 year aging, 12 months in barrel, 6 months in bottle
Red: White: Min 4 year aging, 18 months in barrel, 18 months in bottle
What does “Cava” mean on a bottle?
White, Rose: Min 1 year aging for PGI wines, not PDO - 6 months in oak
Red: 3 years aging, 12 months in barrel
What is the dominant grape in Macedonia?
Xinomavro (100%) in Naossa and Amynteo, Goumenissa (20% Negoska added)
What are the PDOs of Macedonia?
Slopes of Meliton (Domaine Carras - Cab, Limnio whites) Goumenissa (Xinomavro, Negoska) Amynteo (Xinomavro) Naossa (Xinomavro) Amynteo
Where is Anchialos PDO? What style of wine does it produce?
In Thessalia - making white wines fro Roditis and Savatiano grapes
What style of wines is made in Zitsa?
In Epirus, Dry, semi-sweet and sparkling from the Debina grape
What grapes is Retsina made from?
Low acid Savatiano
What are the DOs of Peloponnese?
Namea: dry and sweet wines from Agioritiko Mantinia: whites only from Moschofilero Patras: whites only from 100% Roditis Mavrodaphne of Patras: sweet reds Monemvassia-Malvasia: sweet whites Muscat of Patras Muscat of Rio Patras
Where are the three dessert DOs in Peloponnese?
Patras
Name the main varietals in Thrace
Roditis, Limnio
Name the main varietal in Macedonia
Xinomavro
Name the main varietal in Epirus
Debina
Name the main varietal in Thessalia
Xinomavro
Name the main varietal in Central Greece
Savatiano
Name the main varietals in Peloponnese
Agioritiko, Moschofilero
Name the main varietals in Ionia Islands
Robola, Tsaoussi
Name the main varietals in Aegean Islands
Athiri, Mandelaria, Muscat, Assyrtiko
Name the main varietals in Crete
Vidiano, Vilana, Liatiko, Kotsifali
What are the wine producing Ionian Islands?
Cephalonia PDO (dry white wines from Robola)
Kerkyra (Corfu)
Lefkada
Zakynthos
What is the largest Aegean Island?
Crete
What are the PDOs of Crete
Archanes, Dafnes (Reds)
Sitia, Peza (Red and whites)
Candia
Malvasia Candia
What are the two Cyclade Islands called?
Santorini and Paros
What are the baskets/wreath trellising of vines called on Santorini?
Stefani/ Koulura training
What is the only PDO that mandates a white grape in red blends? What is the grape?
Paros - Monemvasia
What are the PDO’s of Crete?
Sitia, Peza, Dafnes, Archanes, Candia, Malvasia Candia, Malvasia Sitia
What are the major white grapes on Crete?
Vilana, Vidiano
What are the major red grapes on Crete?
Kotsifal, Liatiko
Name the grapes and style(s) of wine in the Sitia PDO
W: Vilana, Thrapsathiri
R: Liatiko, Mandilaria
White, red, sweet red, sun dried
Name the grapes and style(s) of wine in the Peza PDO
W: 100% Vilana
R: Kotsifali, Mandilaria
Dry red, white
Name the grapes and style(s) of wine in the Dafnes PDO
R: 100% Liatiko
Dry and sweet red
Name the grapes and style(s) of wine in the Archanes PDO
R: Kotsifali, Mandilaria
Dry red only
Name the grapes and style(s) of wine in the Candia PDO
W: Vilana, Vidiano, Assyrtiko, Thrapsathiri, Athiri
R: Liatiko
Dry red and white
Name the grapes and style(s) of wine in the Malvasia Candia PDO
W: Vilana, Assyrtiko, Thrapsathiri, Athiri, Malvasia Candia, Muscat blanc a Petits Grains, Liatiko
Fortified VDN, naturally sweet whites
Name the grapes and style(s) of wine in the Malvasia Sitia PDO. Describe aging, RS minimum.
W: Vilana, Assyrtiko, Thrapsathiri, Athiri, Malvasia Candia, Muscat blanc a Petits Grains, Liatiko
Fortified VDN, naturally sweet whites
2 years in oak, 320 g/L after drying for dried grapes wines
Name the seven PDOs of Peloponnese
Namea, Mantinia, Mavrodaphne of Patras, Patras, Monemvasia, Muscat of Patras, Muscat of Rio Patras
Name the grapes and style(s) of wine in the Namea PDO
100% Agiorgitiko
Dry reds, sweet reds (VDL, VDN), sweet dried grapes wines
Name the grapes and style(s) of wine in the Mantinia PDO
85% Moschofilero plus Asproudes
Min 3.5B of pressure
Dry whites, sparkling (Brut nature -> Doux)
Name the grapes and style(s) of wine in the Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO
Mavrodaphne and Mavri Korinthiaki
Sweet red wine VDL (from dried grapes and from non-dried grapes with must added)
Name the grapes and style(s) of wine in the Patras PDO
100% Roditis
Dry white wine, semi-dry white, semi-sweet white
Name the grapes and style(s) of wine in the Muscat of Rhodes
100% Moschato Aspro
Fortified
VDN Grand Cru - specific vineyards
VDL
Sun-dried
Fortified 15-22%, Naturally sweet 9%
Name the grapes and style(s) of wine in the Muscat of Rio Patras PDO
100% Moschato Aspro
VDN
VDN Grand Cru
VDL
Sun-dried
What does “Grand Reserve” mean on a bottle from Peloponnese?
7 years aging - three in cask, three in bottle
Who brought viticulture to Crete and Santorini?
The Minoans from 3,000 BCE to 2,500 BCE
What damaged the Greek wine industry in the 11th century?
The Venetian got favorable trading status and sold imported wines cheaply which cut into Greece’s former position as primary wine exporter to Europe.
What mountain range forms the spine of Greece?
The Pindos Mountains
What is the name of the wind that sweeps through the Aegean?
The Meltami
How many PDOs are there in Greece?
33
Where is Amynteo and please describe the climate there?
Amynteo is in Northern Greece within Macedonia. Xinomavro is the #1 planted grape there. It is on a plateau, lakes moderate the continental climate. The soil is limestone, loam and sand. No phylloxera here. Dry reds, rose and sparkling rose made here.
What is the climate of Naoussa? Where is this PDO?
Naoussa is in Macedonia in Northern Greece. This PDO is higher elevation than Amynteo and is along the slopes of Mount Vermion. There is clay and limestone soils here. It is warmer that Amynteo. Bout air is here and was the first to bottle wine in Greece in 1879. Xinomavro reds dry and sweet.
Where is Goumenissa PDO and what is planted there?
Goumenissa is one of the PDOs of Macedonia in Northern Greece. There are deep clay soils here and the elevation is 490-900 feet. Xinomavro and Negoska are the grapes planted here.
Describe the terroir of the Slopes of Meliton PDO
This PDO is on a peninsula in the Aegean Sea. Dry reds from Linnie with Cabernet and Cabernet France.. Dry whites from Assyrtiko, Athiri and Roditis. This was the first PDO to allow international grapes.
Where is Thessaly located?
It is in Northern Greece, below Macedonia and next to Epirus.
Describe the terroir in Thessaly
Thessaly is a large fertile plain surrounded by the Pindos Mountains. Mount Olympus is here.
What are the two PDOs in Greece that focus on international grape varietals?
Messinikola in Thessaly and Slopes of Meliton in Macedonia. Both are in Northern Greece.
What are the permitted grapes in Messinikola PDO?
This PDO is within Thessaly. Features international varieties of Syrah and Carignan with Mavro Messenikola
What are the three PDOs of the Thessaly region?
Rap Sani
Anchialos
Messenikola
What is the grape used in Rapsani PDO?
This PDO focuses on the Xinomavro grape. This is the only PDO outside of Macedonia that focuses on this grape.
What grapes and wine style would be found in Anchialos PDO?
Dry whites, semi-dry whites and semi-sweet whites from
Roditis and Savatiano grapes.
Which region in Northern Greece doesn’t have any PDO areas?
Thrace.
Which is the most mountainous region of Greece?
Epirus is the most remote and mountainous region. All land is 700 meters and above.
What is the sole PDO of Epirus?
Zitsa- located on a limestone rich elevated plateau in the Pindos Mountains.
Describe the terroir of
Zitsa?
Zitsa is the sole PDO of Epirus in Northern Greece. It is located on a limestone rich plateau in the Pindos Mountains. Known for its dry, sparkling and semi-sparkling wines from the Debian grape.
Which Greek regions have no PDOs?
Central Greece, and Thrace in the North.
How many PDOs are there in the Peloponnese?
There are 7
What separates the Peloponnese from the mainland of Greece?
The Gulf of Corinth
How does the climate change from the west side to the east side of the Peloponnese?
It is rainy in the west and arid in the east.
Where is Namea PDO and describe the climate there?
Namea is in the northeast corner of the Pelopponnese in the Corinth District. Elevations range from 650 feet up to 2,700 feet and are divided into three zones. The highest elevation has the most limestone.
What is the main grape of Namea?
Agiortiko
Where is the Gaia estate located?
In Namea in the Pelopponnese
Where is Mantinia and describe the terroir there
Mantinia is in the center of the Pelopponnese in the Arcadia district. It touches the Argolikos gulf. It is the coolest and most continental part of the Pelopponnese. The soils are rocket with light red and iron soils. It is on a plateau at 750 meters surrounded by mountains.
What is the main grape varietal of Mantinia PDO?
Moschofilero an Asprouds
What style of wine is produced in Patras PDO?
Patras PDO is in the Pelopponnese. It is known for 100% Roditis dry white wines.
What are the four PDOs of the Pelopponnese that can produce sweet wines?
Monemvassia-Malvasia
Muscat of Patras
Muscat of Rio Patras
Macrodaphne of Patras
Where is Verdea from?
Zakynthos in the Ionian islands. 50% skiadopoulo.
What style of wine may be produced on Paros?
Dry whites from Monemvasia and dry reds from Mandilaria and Monemvasia
Which Greek region is known for producing sparkling wine?
Rhodes
What are the main grapes of Rhodes?
Athiri, Mandilaria, Muscat, wines can be red and white, dry or sweet.
What is Samos Nectar?
95% Muscat a Petite GRains made from dried grapes. This is an unfortified wine that is aged for 6 years.
What is Samos Anthemia?
This is a VDL- under enter must is fortified and aged in oak for 5 years.
What are the PDOs of Crete?
Pena PDO
Archanes PDO
Dafnes PDO
Where would you find the PDOs of Archanes, Dafnes and Peza?
In Crete
Major grapes planted on Crete
Liatiko, Dafni, Pluto, Vilana and Vidiano
Where are Samos and Lemnos?
Part of the Aegean Islands
What is the major grape planted in Lemnos PDO?
The Limnio grape which can make dry red wines. semi-dry and semi sweet wines from Muscat.
How can Muscat of Lemnos be produced?
In the Aegean Islands. Can be dried and or fortified from Muscat of Alexandria.
Where would you find the PDOs of Malvasia Candia and Candia?
On Crete. Candia is a PDO for. Dry reds. And whites from Kotsafalia and Mandalaria, Vidiano and Liatiko. Malvasia Candia PDO is sweet whites from Assyrtiko, Athiri and Vidiano.
The PDOs of Sitia, Dafnes and Archanes can be found where?
On Crete
What is the major geographic influence in Crete?
There is a large mountain range that runs east to west on the island and blocks the hot African winds. Most vineyards are planted on the northern shielded side of the island.
Where are the regions of Marmara and Central Anatolia?
Turkey
Name the country for these regions: Samson, Shomron, Batroun
Israel. The others are Bekaa Valley, Galilee, Judean Hills and Negev
Which is the most important wine producing region in Georgia?
Kakheti produces 80% of all of Georgia’s wine.
Where would you find the region Kakheti?
Georgia
Where would Spaeravi red wines be produced?
Georgia
What is the major geographic influence on Georgia?
The Black Sea in the western side.
What is a quevri?
A jar like a huge pot bellied amphora buried in the ground. Used in Georgia
Where would you find the Don region?
Russia
Where would you find the Crimea wine region?
Ukraine
Where would you find the Stefan Voda region?
in Moldova
In which country would you find Muntenia and Oltenia?
Romania
Where would you find the regions of Dobregea, Banat and Transylvania?
Romania
Where is Dobregea?
It is in Romania and is the closest region to the Black Sea
Where would you find the regions Thracian Lowlands and Danubian Plain?
Bulgaria
Podravje in Slovenia is next door to which Austrian region?
Styria in Austria.
What are the main regions of Slovenia?
Primorska
Podravje
Posavje
Where is Kras?
It is in Slovenia and is an extension of Italy’s Carso.
Who oversees the Greek Wine Industry?
The Greek Wine Institute
