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History > South Africa - What was life like in South Africa in 1948? > Flashcards

South Africa - What was life like in South Africa in 1948? Flashcards

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1
Q

When the National Party came to power in 1948, what 4 racial groups was SA divided into?

A

Whites
Africans
Coloured
Indians

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2
Q

Who were the Africans? How many were there in 1951?

A

original inhabitants

8.5 million

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3
Q

Who were the two categories whites? How many were there in 1951?

A

Afrikaners (60%)
descended from Dutch, French and German settlers

British descent
descendants of British colonists who arrived after the Cape became part of British Empire in 1806
Irish and Jewish minorities

1.6 million

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4
Q

Who were the Coloureds? How many were there in 1951?

A

those who were not classed as white or African

descendants of slaves from South East Asia by Dutch

from relationships between whites, Africans and others

Afrikaans speaking

1.1 million

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5
Q

Name 5 examples of segregation and discrimination in this period.

A
  1. whites did not have to share power with blacks
  2. MPs were white (except in old Cape colony)
  3. 1936 - Africans completely disenfranchised
  4. 1948 elections almost entirely decided by white minority (21%)
  5. blacks were forced to live in townships
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6
Q

URBANISATION/INDUSTRIALISATION

When was gold discovered in the Transvaal? What city quickly grew to provide services to miners?

A

1886

Johannesburg

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7
Q

URBANISATION/INDUSTRIALISATION

By 1948, what was the population of Johannesburg reaching? Which race was growing bigger than whites?

A

1 million

Africans

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8
Q

URBANISATION/INDUSTRIALISATION

How was gold the motor of the South African industrial economy?

A 
industry diversified from gold to producing: 
textiles
clothing
food
chemicals
machinery
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9
Q

URBANISATION/INDUSTRIALISATION

What industry did the state develop?

A

major iron and steel industry (ISCOR)

generated electricity, largely from coal

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10
Q

URBANISATION/INDUSTRIALISATION

Where did Africans live? Where did white live?

A

Africans - countryside

Whites - towns and cities

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11
Q

URBANISATION/INDUSTRIALISATION
What did the state determine about whites after the ‘poor white problem’? Where were many whites absorbed into for employment?

A

they should be kept as a separate and distinct group

state employment

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12
Q

URBANISATION/INDUSTRIALISATION

How did the nationalists appeal to white voters?

A

poor whites had the vote

nationalists appealed to their sense of insecurity with promise of protected employment in government service

they wished to avoid working under black supervision

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13
Q

TOWNSHIPS

What had governments and municipal councils prior to 1948 been to keen to keep the cities as?

A

white spaces

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14
Q

TOWNSHIPS

What were the areas outside of cities called?

A

townships

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15
Q

TOWNSHIPS

Who were townships allocated to?

A

housing black migrants

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16
Q

TOWNSHIPS

What was the conditions in these townships?

A

health care and sanitation poor

17
Q

RURAL SOCIETY

What percentage of land was owned by whites? Who inhabited this land however?

A

80%

not just whites, black people were the majority on farms

18
Q

RURAL SOCIETY

What did rural areas allow white to maintain? Why was this?

A

their racial authority

they worked in a strict hierarchy with black workers doing the hard labour

19
Q

RURAL SOCIETY

What role did women play?

A

they were the lynchpin of the rural economy

domestic and agricultural labour

20
Q

RURAL SOCIETY

Where did men put most labour?

A

they were migrant labourers in the cities

21
Q

AFRIKANER CULTURE AND POLITICS

What divided the white population? Who had tried to unite them?

A

the bitter legacy of the Boer War (British Empire vs Dutch Afrikaners)

some Afrikaners remained resentful about lingering imperial presence and role of English-speaking South Africans in supporting Britain

Jan Smuts, a politician, had aimed to unite them

22
Q

AFRIKANER CULTURE AND POLITICS

How was Jan Smuts opposed by J.B.M. Hertzog?

A

Hertzog founded exclusively Afrikaner National Party in 1913

he won 1924 election where he introduced bilingualism of Afrikaans AND English in white schools

23
Q

AFRIKANER CULTURE AND POLITICS

When and why did Smuts and Hertzog join together in the United Party?

A

1934

the Great Depression undermined Hertzog

24
Q

AFRIKANER CULTURE AND POLITICS

However, who split from Hertzog to re-find National Party?

A

D.F. Malan

25
Q

AFRIKANER CULTURE AND POLITICS

What was the Great Trek?

A

1830 = 1/4 Afrikaners left Cape Colony, under British control, to establish independent republics
e.g. Transvaal and Orange Free State

26
Q

AFRIKANER CULTURE AND POLITICS

Why did the 1930s see an increased pride in Afrikaner culture?

A

1938 was centenary of Great Trek

was commemorated by dramatic re-enactment

Afrikaans books, magazines and bibles were poured off the presses

27
Q

AFRIKANER CULTURE AND POLITICS

What was the result of the Great Trek centenary?

A

Afrikaans books, magazines and bibles were poured off the presses

new communities built

1948 Afrikaner vote became significant

rising sense of Afrikaner self with own language, religion and culture

28
Q

THE INFLUENCE OF BRITAIN

How was South Africa connected to Britain?

A

it was a self-governing part of the British Empire

29
Q

THE INFLUENCE OF BRITAIN

How did Britain influence South Africa?

A
  • British investors dominated mines and industries
  • English joint official language
  • British sports (rugby and football) were popular across South Africa
30
Q

THE INFLUENCE OF BRITAIN

What did these strong cultural links encourage South Africa to do?

A

to join in WW2 on side of Britain

31
Q

THE INFLUENCE OF BRITAIN

By 1948, what were some Afrikaners attracted to at expense of British rule?

A

they were attracted to possibility of republican government

History (26 decks)

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