Sos- Trauma

Question 1

top 2 leading causes of child and adolescent death in 2016

Answer 1

motor vehicle crash
firearm-related injury

Question 2

sx’s of what

Answer 2

mild traumatic brain injury (TBI)

Question 3

sx’s of what

Answer 3

moderate to severe TBI

Question 4

90% of all TBI cases are usually what

Answer 4

mild

Question 5

Hypoxic/ischemic injury
Shearing stress damage of vessels
causes of what

Answer 5

brain parenchymal injury

Question 6

white or gray matter

Answer 6

white

Question 7

red arrow

Answer 7

axonal spheroids

Question 8

white and red arrows

Answer 8

white: focal
red: diffuse

Question 9

brain parenchymal injuries can be what two things

Answer 9

focal or diffuse

Question 10

blood vessel tears
axons (axonal spheroids)
damaged glial processes

Answer 10

shearing stress damage (brain parenchymal injury)

Question 11

A blow to the head that results in temporary loss of normal function
(often no external sign of head trauma; do not have to have loss of consciousness)

Answer 11

concussion

Question 12

Symptoms include Headaches, irritability, vomiting, loss of memory, seizure and confusion

Answer 12

concussion

Question 13

how long to fully recover from concussion

Answer 13

days to weeks

Question 14

Treatment includes bed rest, fluids and mild pain relievers

Answer 14

for concussion

Question 15

40% more concussions in female ____ players compared to men

Answer 15

soccer

Question 16

common injury in sports

Answer 16

concussion

Question 17

can occur with a second brain impact before the first impact symptoms resolve

Answer 17

second impact syndrome

Question 18

Answer 18

Decorticate posture

Question 19

Answer 19

Decerebrate posture

Question 20

minor misalignment

Answer 20

C1-C2 sublaxation

Question 21

20-year-old man presents to ED after a fight
Smells of alcohol
Confused and has clear liquid draining from his nose (CSF)

Answer 21

Cribriform plate fracture

Question 22

loss of smell and taste with cribriform plate fracture if what is injured

Answer 22

olfactory nerves

Question 23

_____ can cause pneumoencephalitis

Answer 23

cribriform plate fracture

Question 24

blood out of ears and nose

Answer 24

basilar skull fracture

Question 25

“Bruises” occur over the crest of gyri due to an external force

Answer 25

contusion

Question 26

Blood vessels rupture causing hemorrhage, and cellular ischemia and swelling (edema) from what

Answer 26

contusion

Question 27

occur to gyri beneath the site of impact (type of contusion)

Answer 27

direct (coup)

Question 28

occur to gyri located opposite to a direct contusion (type of contusion)

Answer 28

indirect (contrecoup)

Question 29

occur due to compressed herniated neocortex from contusion

Answer 29

herniation

Question 30

coup or contrecoup and why

Answer 30

contrecoup (b/c its inferior frontal and temporal)

Question 31

coup or contrecoup

Answer 31

coup

Question 32

Answer 32

contusion

Question 33

also has blown pupil

Answer 33

herniation syndrome

Question 34

how to relieve herniations in OR

Answer 34

transcalvarial surgery

Question 35

4 types of herniation syndromes

Answer 35

cingulate central uncal/parahippocampal cerebellar

Question 36

Answer 36

MCA and ACA affected mass effect

Question 37

red arrow

Answer 37

hippocampal or transtentorial herniation

Question 38

white arrow

Answer 38

parahippocampal gyrus

Question 39

Answer 39

tonsillar (coning) herniation

Question 40

Answer 40

herniated cerebellum

Question 41

Secondary bleed due to increased brain pressure and torsion

Answer 41

duret hemorrhage

Question 42

where is the hemorrhage

Answer 42

pons

Question 43

Hypertensive bleed Cocaine can cause what

Answer 43

duret hemorrhage

Question 44

Answer 44

diffuse axonal injury

Question 45

brain rotational injury causing axonal and microvessel damage

Answer 45

diffuse axonal injury (DAI)

Question 46

most tearing of a diffuse axonal injury occurs where

Answer 46

gray-white matter junction

Question 47

Answer 47

diffuse axonal injury

Question 48

Answer 48

axonal spheroids (DAI)

Question 49

20 yr old man w/ multiple long bone fractures

Answer 49

fat/air emboli

Question 50

capillary shown 20 yr old man w/ multiple long bone fractures

Answer 50

fat emboli

Question 51

potential late effect of sport-related concussion and subconcussive head trauma

Answer 51

chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)

Question 52

A type of neurodegeneration many of the same histopathologic findings as Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 52

CTE

Question 53

Answer 53

CTE

Question 54

Traumatic brain injury due to some blast explosion (what do they end up having)

Answer 54

diffuse axonal injury lung problems

Question 55

A 16-year-old man founds 30 yards away from a parked car with several occupants that had sustained the same injuries

Answer 55

diffuse axonal injury

Question 56

A 55-year-old chronic alcoholic presents to your ED and dies soon after

Answer 56

methanol toxicity

Question 57

affects putamen bilaterally

Answer 57

methanol injury

Question 58

A 48-year-old Minister and family present to the Forensic Morgue (brain is cherry red)

Answer 58

CO poisoning

Question 59

globus pallidus affected with this poisoning

Answer 59

CO

Question 60

Answer 60

Carbon monoxide