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NSB Biweekly 1 > Sos- Trauma > Flashcards

Sos- Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

top 2 leading causes of child and adolescent death in 2016

A

motor vehicle crash
firearm-related injury

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2
Q

sx’s of what

A

mild traumatic brain injury (TBI)

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3
Q

sx’s of what

A

moderate to severe TBI

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4
Q

90% of all TBI cases are usually what

A

mild

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5
Q

Hypoxic/ischemic injury
Shearing stress damage of vessels
causes of what

A

brain parenchymal injury

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6
Q

white or gray matter

A

white

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7
Q

red arrow

A

axonal spheroids

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8
Q

white and red arrows

A

white: focal
red: diffuse

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9
Q

brain parenchymal injuries can be what two things

A

focal or diffuse

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10
Q

blood vessel tears
axons (axonal spheroids)
damaged glial processes

A

shearing stress damage (brain parenchymal injury)

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11
Q

A blow to the head that results in temporary loss of normal function
(often no external sign of head trauma; do not have to have loss of consciousness)

A

concussion

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12
Q

Symptoms include Headaches, irritability, vomiting, loss of memory, seizure and confusion

A

concussion

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13
Q

how long to fully recover from concussion

A

days to weeks

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14
Q

Treatment includes bed rest, fluids and mild pain relievers

A

for concussion

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15
Q

40% more concussions in female ____ players compared to men

A

soccer

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16
Q

common injury in sports

A

concussion

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17
Q

can occur with a second brain impact before the first impact symptoms resolve

A

second impact syndrome

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18
Q
A

Decorticate posture

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19
Q
A

Decerebrate posture

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20
Q

minor misalignment

A

C1-C2 sublaxation

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21
Q

20-year-old man presents to ED after a fight
Smells of alcohol
Confused and has clear liquid draining from his nose (CSF)

A

Cribriform plate fracture

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22
Q

loss of smell and taste with cribriform plate fracture if what is injured

A

olfactory nerves

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23
Q

_____ can cause pneumoencephalitis

A

cribriform plate fracture

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24
Q

blood out of ears and nose

A

basilar skull fracture

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25
Q

“Bruises” occur over the crest of gyri due to an external force

A

contusion

26
Q

Blood vessels rupture causing hemorrhage, and cellular ischemia and swelling (edema) from what

A

contusion

27
Q

occur to gyri beneath the site of impact (type of contusion)

A

direct (coup)

28
Q

occur to gyri located opposite to a direct contusion (type of contusion)

A

indirect (contrecoup)

29
Q

occur due to compressed herniated neocortex from contusion

A

herniation

30
Q

coup or contrecoup and why

A

contrecoup (b/c its inferior frontal and temporal)

31
Q

coup or contrecoup

A

coup

32
Q
A

contusion

33
Q

also has blown pupil

A

herniation syndrome

34
Q

how to relieve herniations in OR

A

transcalvarial surgery

35
Q

4 types of herniation syndromes

A

cingulate
central
uncal/parahippocampal
cerebellar

36
Q
A

MCA and ACA affected
mass effect

37
Q

red arrow

A

hippocampal or transtentorial herniation

38
Q

white arrow

A

parahippocampal gyrus

39
Q
A

tonsillar (coning) herniation

40
Q
A

herniated cerebellum

41
Q

Secondary bleed due to increased brain pressure and torsion

A

duret hemorrhage

42
Q

where is the hemorrhage

A

pons

43
Q

Hypertensive bleed
Cocaine
can cause what

A

duret hemorrhage

44
Q
A

diffuse axonal injury

45
Q

brain rotational injury causing axonal and microvessel damage

A

diffuse axonal injury (DAI)

46
Q

most tearing of a diffuse axonal injury occurs where

A

gray-white matter junction

47
Q
A

diffuse axonal injury

48
Q
A

axonal spheroids (DAI)

49
Q

20 yr old man w/ multiple long bone fractures

A

fat/air emboli

50
Q

capillary shown
20 yr old man w/ multiple long bone fractures

A

fat emboli

51
Q

potential late effect of sport-related concussion and subconcussive head trauma

A

chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)

52
Q

A type of neurodegeneration many of the same histopathologic findings as Alzheimer’s disease

A

CTE

53
Q
A

CTE

54
Q

Traumatic brain injury due to some blast explosion (what do they end up having)

A

diffuse axonal injury
lung problems

55
Q

A 16-year-old man founds 30 yards away from a parked car with several occupants that had sustained the same injuries

A

diffuse axonal injury

56
Q

A 55-year-old chronic alcoholic presents to your ED and dies soon after

A

methanol toxicity

57
Q

affects putamen bilaterally

A

methanol injury

58
Q

A 48-year-old Minister and family present to the Forensic Morgue (brain is cherry red)

A

CO poisoning

59
Q

globus pallidus affected with this poisoning

A

CO

60
Q
A

Carbon monoxide

NSB Biweekly 1 (15 decks)

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