Sos: Histopathology of CNS Flashcards
any cell that holds nerves in place
glial cells
part of neocortex that contains neurons, glial cells, and capillaries
gray matter
part of neocortex that contains glial cells and capillaries
whit matter
gray matter
white matter
L and R
L: gray
R: white
stains for myelin
Luxol Fast Blue
vessels run ____ to surface of brain in gray matter
perpendicular
blood vessels take a 90 degree turn in white matter and run _____ with neuronal axons in white matter
parallel
classic place for tumor cells to stop and grow
gray-white matter junction (at the bend)
bend (spot for congestion); blood slows down; if tumor cells hit this bend, will stop and grow there
gray-white matter junction
Most numerous cells in the brain
keep neurons healthy
neuroglia
flow of nutrients and waste to/from the neurons; structural support; maintains BBB
astrocytes
only really are seen when there is a type of insult to the brain and then they pop out; resident macrophages
Microglia
myelinate CNS axons; structural support
Oligodendrocytes
surround axons in PNS; myelination of peripheral neurons
Schwann cells
Most numerous cells in the CNS
Functions as support, repair, blood brain barrier, glycogen reserve and removal of transmitters
astrocytes
astrocytes
marker for astrocytes
GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein)
Astrocyte response to tissue damage
reactive gliosis
reactive gliosis
reactive astrocyte
upregulation of GFAP seen with this (dense pink cytoplasm on HandE)
reactive gliosis
Resident macrophages react to brain stress
Microglia
CD68+
microglia
Brain (microglia) version of a granuloma
Microglial nodules
Only microglial nodule that has giant cells seen in what infection
HIV encephalitis
microglial nodules
microglial attacking neuron
neuronophagia
red and dead neuron
Neuronophagia
microglial nodule seen
neuronophagia
Glial cells that line the ventricles and spinal central canal
Ependymal cells
ependymal cells
Assist the movement of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)
ependymal cells
ependymal cells
A single cell myelinates multiple neurons in CNS
oligodendrocyte
Olig2+
oligodendrocytes
L is control
R is _____
MS lesion
MS
myelin destroying disease
MS
Peripheral nervous system myelinating cells; one cell per segment of axon
Schwann cell
____embedded in schwann cells
axons
neutrophils in subarachnoid space=
meningitis
axons
white matter
neurons
gray matter
big Betz cells in layer 5 (what cortex)
primary motor cortex
cortex without Betz cells
primary sensory cortex
2 stains for myelin sheath in the layers
Weigers
stains cell bodies in the layers
Nissl
stains cell processes (neurons and glia)
golgi stain
____ cells only ones in CNS that die and regenerate (a way to destroy itself if infected by virus so doesn’t get to brain) found in eye and nose
bipolar cells
cell _______ has damaged DNA from virus
cell body
myelin can be attacked by
antibodies
NMJ terminal can be attacked by ____
toxins
going toward synapse; use Kinesins
anterograde axonal transport (forward)
going away from synapse (pull garbage back to be used); use dyneins
retrograde axonal transport
can use highway (axonal transport) within cells to migrate within the system
viruses
damage to cells; less microtubules, less antero and retrograde (takes longer to process info b/c cells are literally moving slower)
Alzheimer’s
toxin binds and stops Ach release (targets SNAP-25 and syntaxin) (flaccid paralysis; floppy baby)
Botulism (botulinim toxin)
toxin binds and inhibits GABA/glycine inhibitor release (spastic paralysis) (targets synaptobrevin)
Tetanus
Lose neurons
lose parenchyma
ventricles dilate
blood vessels become more rigid
myelin wraps loosen
ROS increases
aging
L: normal
R:
Alzheimer’s
golgi silver stain
Alzheimer’s
L: normal
R:
Alzheimer’s
widened gyri and sulci (loss parenchyma) and enlarged ventricles (cognitive loss)
Alzheimer’s
