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NSB Biweekly 1 > Sos: Histopathology of CNS > Flashcards

Sos: Histopathology of CNS Flashcards

1
Q

any cell that holds nerves in place

A

glial cells

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2
Q

part of neocortex that contains neurons, glial cells, and capillaries

A

gray matter

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3
Q

part of neocortex that contains glial cells and capillaries

A

whit matter

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4
Q
A

gray matter

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5
Q
A

white matter

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6
Q

L and R

A

L: gray
R: white

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7
Q

stains for myelin

A

Luxol Fast Blue

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8
Q

vessels run ____ to surface of brain in gray matter

A

perpendicular

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9
Q

blood vessels take a 90 degree turn in white matter and run _____ with neuronal axons in white matter

A

parallel

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10
Q

classic place for tumor cells to stop and grow

A

gray-white matter junction (at the bend)

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11
Q

bend (spot for congestion); blood slows down; if tumor cells hit this bend, will stop and grow there

A

gray-white matter junction

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12
Q

Most numerous cells in the brain
keep neurons healthy

A

neuroglia

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13
Q

flow of nutrients and waste to/from the neurons; structural support; maintains BBB

A

astrocytes

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14
Q

only really are seen when there is a type of insult to the brain and then they pop out; resident macrophages

A

Microglia

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15
Q

myelinate CNS axons; structural support

A

Oligodendrocytes

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16
Q

surround axons in PNS; myelination of peripheral neurons

A

Schwann cells

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17
Q

Most numerous cells in the CNS
Functions as support, repair, blood brain barrier, glycogen reserve and removal of transmitters

A

astrocytes

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18
Q
A

astrocytes

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19
Q

marker for astrocytes

A

GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein)

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20
Q

Astrocyte response to tissue damage

A

reactive gliosis

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21
Q
A

reactive gliosis

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22
Q
A

reactive astrocyte

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23
Q

upregulation of GFAP seen with this (dense pink cytoplasm on HandE)

A

reactive gliosis

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24
Q

Resident macrophages react to brain stress

A

Microglia

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25
Q

CD68+

A

microglia

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26
Q

Brain (microglia) version of a granuloma

A

Microglial nodules

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27
Q

Only microglial nodule that has giant cells seen in what infection

A

HIV encephalitis

28
Q
A

microglial nodules

29
Q

microglial attacking neuron

A

neuronophagia

30
Q

red and dead neuron

A

Neuronophagia

31
Q

microglial nodule seen

A

neuronophagia

32
Q

Glial cells that line the ventricles and spinal central canal

A

Ependymal cells

33
Q
A

ependymal cells

34
Q

Assist the movement of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

A

ependymal cells

35
Q
A

ependymal cells

36
Q

A single cell myelinates multiple neurons in CNS

A

oligodendrocyte

37
Q

Olig2+

A

oligodendrocytes

38
Q

L is control
R is _____

A

MS lesion

39
Q
A

MS

40
Q

myelin destroying disease

A

MS

41
Q

Peripheral nervous system myelinating cells; one cell per segment of axon

A

Schwann cell

42
Q

____embedded in schwann cells

A

axons

43
Q

neutrophils in subarachnoid space=

A

meningitis

44
Q

axons

A

white matter

45
Q

neurons

A

gray matter

46
Q

big Betz cells in layer 5 (what cortex)

A

primary motor cortex

47
Q

cortex without Betz cells

A

primary sensory cortex

48
Q

2 stains for myelin sheath in the layers

A

Weigers

49
Q

stains cell bodies in the layers

A

Nissl

50
Q

stains cell processes (neurons and glia)

A

golgi stain

51
Q

____ cells only ones in CNS that die and regenerate (a way to destroy itself if infected by virus so doesn’t get to brain) found in eye and nose

A

bipolar cells

52
Q

cell _______ has damaged DNA from virus

A

cell body

53
Q

myelin can be attacked by

A

antibodies

54
Q

NMJ terminal can be attacked by ____

A

toxins

55
Q

going toward synapse; use Kinesins

A

anterograde axonal transport (forward)

56
Q

going away from synapse (pull garbage back to be used); use dyneins

A

retrograde axonal transport

57
Q

can use highway (axonal transport) within cells to migrate within the system

A

viruses

58
Q

damage to cells; less microtubules, less antero and retrograde (takes longer to process info b/c cells are literally moving slower)

A

Alzheimer’s

59
Q

toxin binds and stops Ach release (targets SNAP-25 and syntaxin) (flaccid paralysis; floppy baby)

A

Botulism (botulinim toxin)

60
Q

toxin binds and inhibits GABA/glycine inhibitor release (spastic paralysis) (targets synaptobrevin)

A

Tetanus

61
Q

Lose neurons
lose parenchyma
ventricles dilate
blood vessels become more rigid
myelin wraps loosen
ROS increases

A

aging

62
Q

L: normal
R:

A

Alzheimer’s

63
Q

golgi silver stain

A

Alzheimer’s

64
Q

L: normal
R:

A

Alzheimer’s

65
Q

widened gyri and sulci (loss parenchyma) and enlarged ventricles (cognitive loss)

A

Alzheimer’s

NSB Biweekly 1 (15 decks)

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