Sos: Histopathology of CNS

Question 1

any cell that holds nerves in place

Answer 1

glial cells

Question 2

part of neocortex that contains neurons, glial cells, and capillaries

Answer 2

gray matter

Question 3

part of neocortex that contains glial cells and capillaries

Answer 3

whit matter

Question 4

Answer 4

gray matter

Question 5

Answer 5

white matter

Question 6

L and R

Answer 6

L: gray
R: white

Question 7

stains for myelin

Answer 7

Luxol Fast Blue

Question 8

vessels run ____ to surface of brain in gray matter

Answer 8

perpendicular

Question 9

blood vessels take a 90 degree turn in white matter and run _____ with neuronal axons in white matter

Answer 9

parallel

Question 10

classic place for tumor cells to stop and grow

Answer 10

gray-white matter junction (at the bend)

Question 11

bend (spot for congestion); blood slows down; if tumor cells hit this bend, will stop and grow there

Answer 11

gray-white matter junction

Question 12

Most numerous cells in the brain
keep neurons healthy

Answer 12

neuroglia

Question 13

flow of nutrients and waste to/from the neurons; structural support; maintains BBB

Answer 13

astrocytes

Question 14

only really are seen when there is a type of insult to the brain and then they pop out; resident macrophages

Answer 14

Microglia

Question 15

myelinate CNS axons; structural support

Answer 15

Oligodendrocytes

Question 16

surround axons in PNS; myelination of peripheral neurons

Answer 16

Schwann cells

Question 17

Most numerous cells in the CNS
Functions as support, repair, blood brain barrier, glycogen reserve and removal of transmitters

Answer 17

astrocytes

Question 18

Answer 18

astrocytes

Question 19

marker for astrocytes

Answer 19

GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein)

Question 20

Astrocyte response to tissue damage

Answer 20

reactive gliosis

Question 21

Answer 21

reactive gliosis

Question 22

Answer 22

reactive astrocyte

Question 23

upregulation of GFAP seen with this (dense pink cytoplasm on HandE)

Answer 23

reactive gliosis

Question 24

Resident macrophages react to brain stress

Answer 24

Microglia

Question 25

CD68+

Answer 25

microglia

Question 26

Brain (microglia) version of a granuloma

Answer 26

Microglial nodules

Question 27

Only microglial nodule that has giant cells seen in what infection

Answer 27

HIV encephalitis

Question 28

Answer 28

microglial nodules

Question 29

microglial attacking neuron

Answer 29

neuronophagia

Question 30

red and dead neuron

Answer 30

Neuronophagia

Question 31

microglial nodule seen

Answer 31

neuronophagia

Question 32

Glial cells that line the ventricles and spinal central canal

Answer 32

Ependymal cells

Question 33

Answer 33

ependymal cells

Question 34

Assist the movement of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

Answer 34

ependymal cells

Question 35

Answer 35

ependymal cells

Question 36

A single cell myelinates multiple neurons in CNS

Answer 36

oligodendrocyte

Question 37

Olig2+

Answer 37

oligodendrocytes

Question 38

L is control R is _____

Answer 38

MS lesion

Question 39

Answer 39

MS

Question 40

myelin destroying disease

Answer 40

MS

Question 41

Peripheral nervous system myelinating cells; one cell per segment of axon

Answer 41

Schwann cell

Question 42

____embedded in schwann cells

Answer 42

axons

Question 43

neutrophils in subarachnoid space=

Answer 43

meningitis

Question 44

axons

Answer 44

white matter

Question 45

neurons

Answer 45

gray matter

Question 46

big Betz cells in layer 5 (what cortex)

Answer 46

primary motor cortex

Question 47

cortex without Betz cells

Answer 47

primary sensory cortex

Question 48

2 stains for myelin sheath in the layers

Answer 48

Weigers

Question 49

stains cell bodies in the layers

Answer 49

Nissl

Question 50

stains cell processes (neurons and glia)

Answer 50

golgi stain

Question 51

____ cells only ones in CNS that die and regenerate (a way to destroy itself if infected by virus so doesn’t get to brain) found in eye and nose

Answer 51

bipolar cells

Question 52

cell _______ has damaged DNA from virus

Answer 52

cell body

Question 53

myelin can be attacked by

Answer 53

antibodies

Question 54

NMJ terminal can be attacked by ____

Answer 54

toxins

Question 55

going toward synapse; use Kinesins

Answer 55

anterograde axonal transport (forward)

Question 56

going away from synapse (pull garbage back to be used); use dyneins

Answer 56

retrograde axonal transport

Question 57

can use highway (axonal transport) within cells to migrate within the system

Answer 57

viruses

Question 58

damage to cells; less microtubules, less antero and retrograde (takes longer to process info b/c cells are literally moving slower)

Answer 58

Alzheimer's

Question 59

toxin binds and stops Ach release (targets SNAP-25 and syntaxin) (flaccid paralysis; floppy baby)

Answer 59

Botulism (botulinim toxin)

Question 60

toxin binds and inhibits GABA/glycine inhibitor release (spastic paralysis) (targets synaptobrevin)

Answer 60

Tetanus

Question 61

Lose neurons lose parenchyma ventricles dilate blood vessels become more rigid myelin wraps loosen ROS increases

Answer 61

aging

Question 62

L: normal R:

Answer 62

Alzheimer's

Question 63

golgi silver stain

Answer 63

Alzheimer's

Question 64

L: normal R:

Answer 64

Alzheimer's

Question 65

widened gyri and sulci (loss parenchyma) and enlarged ventricles (cognitive loss)

Answer 65

Alzheimer's