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NSB Biweekly 1 > Sos- Neurophysiology > Flashcards

Sos- Neurophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

Na/K ATPase is what type of channel and causes depolarization/hyperpolarization

A

Ligand-gated channel

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2
Q

resting potential

A

-70 mV

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3
Q

flow of Na and K in and out of cell

A

Na+ flows out and K+ flows in

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4
Q

If the Na-K pump does not have ___ the pump stops functioning and there is cell edema

A

ATP

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5
Q

the threshold potential of ____ mV sodium flows out of cell into the axon and potassium flows out of axon into cell
Allowing for an action potential propagation

A

-50 mV

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6
Q

EPSP and IPSP are tailed on _____

A

dendrites

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7
Q

Signals next to the ______ dissipate less and have greater effect

A

axon hillock

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8
Q

Electrical signal dissipates quickly due to lack of ____

A

myelin

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9
Q

EPSP

A

excitatory postsynaptic potentials

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10
Q

IPSP

A

inhibitory postsynaptic potentials

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11
Q

cone shaped area of the neuron soma that is the beginning of the axon

A

axon hillock

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12
Q

Area of summation of EPSPs and IPSPs

A

axon hillock

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13
Q

An all-or-none electrical response triggered at the axon hillock; Generated by volage-gated sodium and potassium channels

A

action potential

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14
Q

Channels that have fired behind the action potential are now in a ______period

A

refractory

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15
Q

If Na+ pumps are still open, ______will be closed

A

K+

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16
Q

what channels set the resting membrane potential

A

Na+/K+ ATP channels

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17
Q

The inner cell membrane is negatively charged and when the negative charge decreases the ______ opens

A

channel

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18
Q

Increased velocity with increased diameter of the axon

A

continuous conduction

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19
Q

Requires increased axonal volume for ionic flow

A

continuous conduction

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20
Q

An increased velocity with myelination of the axon

A

saltatory conduction

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21
Q

Concentration of voltage-gated channels at nodes of Ranvier

A

saltatory conduction

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22
Q

faster at smaller diameters

A

saltatory conduction

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23
Q

nerve fiber that carries proprioception and is myelinated; largest; fastest

A

A-alpha

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24
Q

nerve fiber that carries touch; myelinated; large; fast

A

A-beta

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25
nerve fiber that carries pain; myelinated; medium; pretty fast
A-delta
26
small, unmyelinated fibers that deal with chronic pain; slowest
C fibers
27
myelinated
28
unmyelinated (C fiber)
29
on spinal cord, dorsal end deals with
sensory
30
on spinal cord, ventral end deals with
motor
31
pt with arthritis still having aches and pain; what type of cell is responsible for their pain
C fibers
32
toxins and drugs can block ___
NMJ
33
neurotransmitter involved in fight or flight; increases heart rate and blood flow
adrenaline (epinephrine)
34
neurotransmitter involved in concentration; contracts blood vessels
noradrenaline (NE)
35
neurotransmitter involved with pleasure, addiction, motivation (people repeat behaviors that lead to this release)
dopamine
36
neurotransmitter that contributes to well being and happiness; sleep and digestive regulation; affected by exercise and light exposure
serotonin
37
neurotransmitter that calms firing nerves in the CNS; low levels of this cause anxiety; high levels improve focus; contributes to motor control and vision (also inhibited by tetanus toxin)
GABA
38
neurotransmitter involved in thought, learning, and memory; activates muscle action in the body; attention and awakening
acetylcholine
39
most common neurotransmitter; learning and memory; regulates development and creation of nerve contacts
glutamate
40
neurotransmitter involved in euphoria; released during exercise, excitement, and sex; producing well being and reduces pain
endorphins
41
NMDA receptor is a ______ receptor and the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain Role in synaptic plasticity involved in memory formation
glutamate
42
An excitatory glutamate receptor on both pre and postsynaptic surfaces
AMPA receptor
43
major inhibitory receptors Ligand-gated
GABA and glycine
44
3 major causes of neurotransmitter imbalance
nutrition lifestyle choices increased stress
45
what cut
horizontal (know this cut)
46
where our personality is
inferior frontal lobe
47
Most medial component of temporal lobe; houses hippocampus (short term memory)
parahippocampal gyrus
48
attaches emotions to thoughts
amygdala
49
amygdala firing but without prefrontal cortex lighting up irritability= amygdala out of control harder to learn memory loss
no sleep
50
how are we having plasticity (developing new memories and learning more)
dendrites form more extensions
51
inhibits ACh release; binds SNAP-25 and syntaxin
botulinum toxin
52
Neurotoxin that blocks the pores of voltage-gated sodium (Na+) channels; stops action potentials (paralyzes diaphragm)
Tetrodotoxin
53
just had dinner and now cant feel my mouth or tongue, difficulty breathing (ate sushi) OR went diving and ran into specific octopus
Tetrodotoxin
54
Neurotoxin that blocks the pores of voltage-gated potassium (K+) channels; increases ACh release (death due to resp. paralysis)
Dendrotoxin
55
the majority of snake venom neurotoxic peptides ________ bind to nicotinic Ach receptor; prevent Ach from forming a pore and allowing cations to pass through
competitively
56
a smaller group of snake neurotoxins target the _______ receptors found in the CNS; these receptors are involved in HR, force, contraction of smooth muscles and release of neurotransmitters
muscarinic
57
Neurotoxin that blocks voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels; in this order pain, resp, digestive issues, coma
Scorpion toxin
58
neurotoxin that blocks Ca2+ channels!!! Older houses, lead pipes, dirt (kids eating dirt in midtown)
Lead
59
these act through Ach channels and are made of organophosphates/pesticides
nerve agents
60
nerve agents target and inhibit ____ (leading to SLUDGE)
AchE
61
antidote to nerve gas poisoning/organophosphate poisoning
Atropine
62
reversibly binds to muscarinic Ach receptors where it blocks action of Ach and treats SLUDGE syndrome
Atropine
63
CSF w/ low glucose
bacterial meningitis
64
CSF w/ normal glucose
viral meningitis
65
CSF w/ low glucose
fungal meningitis
66
CSF w/ low glucose
TB meningitis

NSB Biweekly 1 (15 decks)

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