Sos- Brainstem Overview Flashcards
1
Q
what happens if brainstem is injured
A
can’t breath
HR stops
body stops working
2
Q
mass in brainstem vs. cortex
A
won’t survive the brainstem mass
3
Q
A
midbrain
4
Q
A
pons
5
Q
A
medulla
6
Q
Conduit for sensory and motor information to and from the spinal cord, cerebellum, basal ganglia and neocortex
A
brainstem
7
Q
Contain cranial nerve nuclei
A
brainstem
8
Q
Reflex center for visceral inputs and outputs such as cardiac and respiratory
A
brainstem
9
Q
ventricle around the brainstem
A
4th ventricle
10
Q
a network of neurons in the brainstem that integrates and relays information to other parts of the brain and body (are you awake or asleep)
A
reticular formation
11
Q
name the ventricles and their foramen
A
lateral and third (foramen of monro)
third to 4th ventricle (cerebral aqueduct)
12
Q
black brackets
A
midbrain
pons
medulla
13
Q
A
midbrain
14
Q
A
pons
15
Q
A
medulla
16
Q
which one is T1 and which is T2
A
L: T1
R: T2
17
Q
dorsal aspect of brainstem and spinal cord
A
sensory
18
Q
ventral aspect of brainstem and spinal cord
A
motor
19
Q
medial aspect of brainstem
A
motor
20
Q
lateral aspect of brainstem
A
sensory
21
Q
2 cranial nerves arise from neocortex and ____ cranial nerves arise from brainstem
A
10
22
Q
2 cranial nerves (CN) arise from the neocortex
A
CN I: Olfactory
CN II: Optic
23
Q
2 CNs arise from the midbrain
A
CN III: oculomotor
CN IV: Trochlear
24
Q
4 CNs arise from the pons
A
CN V: Trigeminal
CN VI: Abducens
CN VII: Facial
CN VIII: Vestibulocochlear
25
4 CNs arise from the medulla
CN IX: Glossopharyngeal
CN X: Vagus
CN XI: Accessory
CN XII: Hypoglossal
26
learn
Oh, Oh, Oh, To Touch And Feel Very Giant Volcano Ah Hot
Some Say Marry Money, But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More
27
ventral surface
R brackets
midbrain
pons
medulla
28
what part of midbrain contains bundle of axons
cerebral peduncle
29
superior and inferior colliculus
30
only cranial nerve that exits brainstem dorsally
trochlear (CN IV)
31
areas where cranial nerve nuclei are found in brainstem
trigones
32
thalamus
internal capsule
third ventricle
top arrow: thalamus
lateral to thalamus: IC
in b/t thalamus: third ventricle
33
main blood supply to brainstem
basilar artery
34
branches off anterior spinal artery
paramedian arteries
35
blood supply to pons
mainly basilar a. and paramedian and circumferential branches
36
purple zone
paramedian
37
as medulla gets closer to spinal cord, what artery starts giving off paramedial branches
anterior spinal artery
38
contains fibers from CN IX and X
nucleus ambiguus
39
modulates what is going on with sensations of the face (exact location of fly landing on face)
solitary nucleus
40
nerve that goes all the way down to spinal cord
spinal accessory (CN XI)
41
________ respiratory center is very sensitive to deceleration/acceleration injury as in shaken baby syndrome
Medullary
42
has both motor and sensory and movement of face and involved with taste
facial nerve (CN VII)
43
____ center of pons switches fine control b/t inspiration and expiration
Pneumotaxic center
44
____ center of pons pushes forced inspiration
Apneustic center
45
____ respiratory center of medulla that regulates diaphragm
dorsal
46
___ respiratory center of medulla that regulates intercostal and abdominal muscles
ventral
47
_____ nerve for carotid baroreceptor afferents
CN IX (glossopharyngeal)
48
brings chemoreceptor input from carotid body to NTS
CN IX (glossopharyngeal)
49
brings input from stretch of aorta to NTS
CN X (vagus)
50
_____ nerve for aortic baroreceptor afferents
CN X (Vagus)
51
efferents travel down what nerve for baroreceptor reflex
vagus
52
houses the preganglionic parasympathetic neurons that directly innervate the heart, allowing it to slow down the heart rate in response to increased blood pressure signals received from the baroreceptors,
nucleus ambiguus
53
to slow down heart: _______ pushes out parasympathetic fibers back to heart (SA node)
vagus
54
Control center for emesis involving a series of muscle contractions in the digestive center
emetic center of brainstem
55
located in area postrema, detects circulation emetic agents (toxins, opiates, drugs)
CTZ (chemoreceptor trigger zone)
56
vomiting center of brainstem coordinated by _____ that receives info from CTZ
NTS (nucleus tractus solitarius)
57
receives input through 5 major receptors: H1, M1, D2, NK-1, and 5-HT3
CTZ
58
5-HT3, D2, and NK-1 antagonists treat what
chemotherapy induced vomiting
59
H1 and M1 antagonists treat what
motion sickness
60
____ antagonists treat hyperemesis gravidarum
H1
61
located in fourth ventricle and is sensitive to what is in CSF and pressure
area postrema/CTZ
62
talks to vomiting center; also w/ NTS; and if it gets enough stimulation to vomiting center----all or none
CTZ
63
increase in ______ can cause vomiting
ICP
64
what is the deadliest berry aneurysm location if it ruptures
posterior cerebellar a or basilar a (due to supplying brainstem)
65
posterior cerebral artery involved with this stroke syndrome
medial midbrain syndrome (Weber)
66
contralateral spastic hemiparesis of body and face
medial midbrain syndrome (weber)
67
involved with CN III (ipsilateral oculomotor palsy)
medial midbrain syndrome (weber)
68
anterior spinal artery (ASA) or vertebral arteries involved with what stroke syndrome
medial medullary syndrome
69
contralateral spastic hemiparesis of body
contralateral loss of position and vibration
medial medullary syndrome
70
involves CN XII; tongue deviates to side of lesion
medial medullary syndrome
71
posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) involved with what stroke syndrome
lateral medullary (wallenberg) syndrome
72
contralateral pain and temperature loss of body (SL) and ipsilateral loss of pain and temperature to face (spinal V)
ipsilateral limb ataxia (ICP)
ipsilateral Horner syndrome
vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus away from side of lesion (VIII)
lateral medullary (Wallenberg) syndrome
73
involves nucleus ambiguus (IX, X)---ipsilateral paralysis of vocal cord, dysphagia, palate droop
lateral medullary (wallenberg) syndrome
74
involves nucleus solitarus (VII, IX, X)-----loss of taste from all of tongue
lateral medullary (wallenberg) syndrome
75
medial midbrain syndrome
76
lateral midbrain syndrome
77
medial medullary syndrome
78
lateral medullary syndrome
79
Controls movements of forehead, eyelids, cheeks, mouth and jaw
Tear and saliva secretion
Taste
CN VII (facial)
80
half face paralysis
LMN lesion of CN VII
Bell's palsy
81
CN VII lesion that is forehead sparing
UMN (b/c forehead is dual supplied)
82
CN VII lesion that has forehead paralysis
LMN
83
rotates head against resistance
shrug shoulders against resistance
CN XI (Accessory)
84
serratus anterior m. weakness
long thoracic n. dysfunction
medial scapular winging
85
trapezius m. weakness
spinal accessory n. dysfunction
lateral scapular winging
86
CN V (trigeminal)
87
3 branches of nerves of trigeminal n.
ophthalmic
maxillary
mandibular
88
tongue deviates opposite to the lesion
mild weakness
UMN paralysis of hypoglossal n.
89
tongue deviates to side of lesion
atrophy
fasciculation
LMN paralysis of hypoglossal n.
