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NSB Biweekly 1 > Sos- Brainstem Overview > Flashcards

Sos- Brainstem Overview Flashcards

1
Q

what happens if brainstem is injured

A

can’t breath
HR stops
body stops working

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2
Q

mass in brainstem vs. cortex

A

won’t survive the brainstem mass

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3
Q
A

midbrain

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4
Q
A

pons

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5
Q
A

medulla

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6
Q

Conduit for sensory and motor information to and from the spinal cord, cerebellum, basal ganglia and neocortex

A

brainstem

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7
Q

Contain cranial nerve nuclei

A

brainstem

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8
Q

Reflex center for visceral inputs and outputs such as cardiac and respiratory

A

brainstem

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9
Q

ventricle around the brainstem

A

4th ventricle

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10
Q

a network of neurons in the brainstem that integrates and relays information to other parts of the brain and body (are you awake or asleep)

A

reticular formation

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11
Q

name the ventricles and their foramen

A

lateral and third (foramen of monro)
third to 4th ventricle (cerebral aqueduct)

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12
Q

black brackets

A

midbrain
pons
medulla

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13
Q
A

midbrain

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14
Q
A

pons

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15
Q
A

medulla

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16
Q

which one is T1 and which is T2

A

L: T1
R: T2

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17
Q

dorsal aspect of brainstem and spinal cord

A

sensory

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18
Q

ventral aspect of brainstem and spinal cord

A

motor

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19
Q

medial aspect of brainstem

A

motor

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20
Q

lateral aspect of brainstem

A

sensory

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21
Q

2 cranial nerves arise from neocortex and ____ cranial nerves arise from brainstem

A

10

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22
Q

2 cranial nerves (CN) arise from the neocortex

A

CN I: Olfactory
CN II: Optic

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23
Q

2 CNs arise from the midbrain

A

CN III: oculomotor
CN IV: Trochlear

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24
Q

4 CNs arise from the pons

A

CN V: Trigeminal
CN VI: Abducens
CN VII: Facial
CN VIII: Vestibulocochlear

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25
Q

4 CNs arise from the medulla

A

CN IX: Glossopharyngeal
CN X: Vagus
CN XI: Accessory
CN XII: Hypoglossal

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26
Q

learn

A

Oh, Oh, Oh, To Touch And Feel Very Giant Volcano Ah Hot
Some Say Marry Money, But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More

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27
Q

ventral surface
R brackets

A

midbrain
pons
medulla

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28
Q

what part of midbrain contains bundle of axons

A

cerebral peduncle

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29
Q
A

superior and inferior colliculus

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30
Q

only cranial nerve that exits brainstem dorsally

A

trochlear (CN IV)

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31
Q

areas where cranial nerve nuclei are found in brainstem

A

trigones

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32
Q

thalamus
internal capsule
third ventricle

A

top arrow: thalamus
lateral to thalamus: IC
in b/t thalamus: third ventricle

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33
Q

main blood supply to brainstem

A

basilar artery

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34
Q

branches off anterior spinal artery

A

paramedian arteries

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35
Q

blood supply to pons

A

mainly basilar a. and paramedian and circumferential branches

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36
Q

purple zone

A

paramedian

37
Q

as medulla gets closer to spinal cord, what artery starts giving off paramedial branches

A

anterior spinal artery

38
Q

contains fibers from CN IX and X

A

nucleus ambiguus

39
Q

modulates what is going on with sensations of the face (exact location of fly landing on face)

A

solitary nucleus

40
Q

nerve that goes all the way down to spinal cord

A

spinal accessory (CN XI)

41
Q

________ respiratory center is very sensitive to deceleration/acceleration injury as in shaken baby syndrome

A

Medullary

42
Q

has both motor and sensory and movement of face and involved with taste

A

facial nerve (CN VII)

43
Q

____ center of pons switches fine control b/t inspiration and expiration

A

Pneumotaxic center

44
Q

____ center of pons pushes forced inspiration

A

Apneustic center

45
Q

____ respiratory center of medulla that regulates diaphragm

A

dorsal

46
Q

___ respiratory center of medulla that regulates intercostal and abdominal muscles

A

ventral

47
Q

_____ nerve for carotid baroreceptor afferents

A

CN IX (glossopharyngeal)

48
Q

brings chemoreceptor input from carotid body to NTS

A

CN IX (glossopharyngeal)

49
Q

brings input from stretch of aorta to NTS

A

CN X (vagus)

50
Q

_____ nerve for aortic baroreceptor afferents

A

CN X (Vagus)

51
Q

efferents travel down what nerve for baroreceptor reflex

A

vagus

52
Q

houses the preganglionic parasympathetic neurons that directly innervate the heart, allowing it to slow down the heart rate in response to increased blood pressure signals received from the baroreceptors,

A

nucleus ambiguus

53
Q

to slow down heart: _______ pushes out parasympathetic fibers back to heart (SA node)

A

vagus

54
Q

Control center for emesis involving a series of muscle contractions in the digestive center

A

emetic center of brainstem

55
Q

located in area postrema, detects circulation emetic agents (toxins, opiates, drugs)

A

CTZ (chemoreceptor trigger zone)

56
Q

vomiting center of brainstem coordinated by _____ that receives info from CTZ

A

NTS (nucleus tractus solitarius)

57
Q

receives input through 5 major receptors: H1, M1, D2, NK-1, and 5-HT3

A

CTZ

58
Q

5-HT3, D2, and NK-1 antagonists treat what

A

chemotherapy induced vomiting

59
Q

H1 and M1 antagonists treat what

A

motion sickness

60
Q

____ antagonists treat hyperemesis gravidarum

A

H1

61
Q

located in fourth ventricle and is sensitive to what is in CSF and pressure

A

area postrema/CTZ

62
Q

talks to vomiting center; also w/ NTS; and if it gets enough stimulation to vomiting center—-all or none

A

CTZ

63
Q

increase in ______ can cause vomiting

A

ICP

64
Q

what is the deadliest berry aneurysm location if it ruptures

A

posterior cerebellar a or basilar a (due to supplying brainstem)

65
Q

posterior cerebral artery involved with this stroke syndrome

A

medial midbrain syndrome (Weber)

66
Q

contralateral spastic hemiparesis of body and face

A

medial midbrain syndrome (weber)

67
Q

involved with CN III (ipsilateral oculomotor palsy)

A

medial midbrain syndrome (weber)

68
Q

anterior spinal artery (ASA) or vertebral arteries involved with what stroke syndrome

A

medial medullary syndrome

69
Q

contralateral spastic hemiparesis of body
contralateral loss of position and vibration

A

medial medullary syndrome

70
Q

involves CN XII; tongue deviates to side of lesion

A

medial medullary syndrome

71
Q

posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) involved with what stroke syndrome

A

lateral medullary (wallenberg) syndrome

72
Q

contralateral pain and temperature loss of body (SL) and ipsilateral loss of pain and temperature to face (spinal V)
ipsilateral limb ataxia (ICP)
ipsilateral Horner syndrome
vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus away from side of lesion (VIII)

A

lateral medullary (Wallenberg) syndrome

73
Q

involves nucleus ambiguus (IX, X)—ipsilateral paralysis of vocal cord, dysphagia, palate droop

A

lateral medullary (wallenberg) syndrome

74
Q

involves nucleus solitarus (VII, IX, X)—–loss of taste from all of tongue

A

lateral medullary (wallenberg) syndrome

75
Q
A

medial midbrain syndrome

76
Q
A

lateral midbrain syndrome

77
Q
A

medial medullary syndrome

78
Q
A

lateral medullary syndrome

79
Q

Controls movements of forehead, eyelids, cheeks, mouth and jaw
Tear and saliva secretion
Taste

A

CN VII (facial)

80
Q

half face paralysis
LMN lesion of CN VII

A

Bell’s palsy

81
Q

CN VII lesion that is forehead sparing

A

UMN (b/c forehead is dual supplied)

82
Q

CN VII lesion that has forehead paralysis

A

LMN

83
Q

rotates head against resistance
shrug shoulders against resistance

A

CN XI (Accessory)

84
Q

serratus anterior m. weakness
long thoracic n. dysfunction

A

medial scapular winging

85
Q

trapezius m. weakness
spinal accessory n. dysfunction

A

lateral scapular winging

86
Q
A

CN V (trigeminal)

87
Q

3 branches of nerves of trigeminal n.

A

ophthalmic
maxillary
mandibular

88
Q

tongue deviates opposite to the lesion
mild weakness

A

UMN paralysis of hypoglossal n.

89
Q

tongue deviates to side of lesion
atrophy
fasciculation

A

LMN paralysis of hypoglossal n.

NSB Biweekly 1 (15 decks)

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