Sos- Brainstem Overview Flashcards
what happens if brainstem is injured
can’t breath
HR stops
body stops working
mass in brainstem vs. cortex
won’t survive the brainstem mass
midbrain
pons
medulla
Conduit for sensory and motor information to and from the spinal cord, cerebellum, basal ganglia and neocortex
brainstem
Contain cranial nerve nuclei
brainstem
Reflex center for visceral inputs and outputs such as cardiac and respiratory
brainstem
ventricle around the brainstem
4th ventricle
a network of neurons in the brainstem that integrates and relays information to other parts of the brain and body (are you awake or asleep)
reticular formation
name the ventricles and their foramen
lateral and third (foramen of monro)
third to 4th ventricle (cerebral aqueduct)
black brackets
midbrain
pons
medulla
midbrain
pons
medulla
which one is T1 and which is T2
L: T1
R: T2
dorsal aspect of brainstem and spinal cord
sensory
ventral aspect of brainstem and spinal cord
motor
medial aspect of brainstem
motor
lateral aspect of brainstem
sensory
2 cranial nerves arise from neocortex and ____ cranial nerves arise from brainstem
10
2 cranial nerves (CN) arise from the neocortex
CN I: Olfactory
CN II: Optic
2 CNs arise from the midbrain
CN III: oculomotor
CN IV: Trochlear
4 CNs arise from the pons
CN V: Trigeminal
CN VI: Abducens
CN VII: Facial
CN VIII: Vestibulocochlear
4 CNs arise from the medulla
CN IX: Glossopharyngeal
CN X: Vagus
CN XI: Accessory
CN XII: Hypoglossal
learn
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Some Say Marry Money, But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More
ventral surface
R brackets
midbrain
pons
medulla
what part of midbrain contains bundle of axons
cerebral peduncle
superior and inferior colliculus
only cranial nerve that exits brainstem dorsally
trochlear (CN IV)
areas where cranial nerve nuclei are found in brainstem
trigones
thalamus
internal capsule
third ventricle
top arrow: thalamus
lateral to thalamus: IC
in b/t thalamus: third ventricle
main blood supply to brainstem
basilar artery
branches off anterior spinal artery
paramedian arteries
blood supply to pons
mainly basilar a. and paramedian and circumferential branches
purple zone
paramedian
as medulla gets closer to spinal cord, what artery starts giving off paramedial branches
anterior spinal artery
contains fibers from CN IX and X
nucleus ambiguus
modulates what is going on with sensations of the face (exact location of fly landing on face)
solitary nucleus
nerve that goes all the way down to spinal cord
spinal accessory (CN XI)
________ respiratory center is very sensitive to deceleration/acceleration injury as in shaken baby syndrome
Medullary
has both motor and sensory and movement of face and involved with taste
facial nerve (CN VII)
____ center of pons switches fine control b/t inspiration and expiration
Pneumotaxic center
____ center of pons pushes forced inspiration
Apneustic center
____ respiratory center of medulla that regulates diaphragm
dorsal
___ respiratory center of medulla that regulates intercostal and abdominal muscles
ventral
_____ nerve for carotid baroreceptor afferents
CN IX (glossopharyngeal)
brings chemoreceptor input from carotid body to NTS
CN IX (glossopharyngeal)
brings input from stretch of aorta to NTS
CN X (vagus)
_____ nerve for aortic baroreceptor afferents
CN X (Vagus)
efferents travel down what nerve for baroreceptor reflex
vagus
houses the preganglionic parasympathetic neurons that directly innervate the heart, allowing it to slow down the heart rate in response to increased blood pressure signals received from the baroreceptors,
nucleus ambiguus
to slow down heart: _______ pushes out parasympathetic fibers back to heart (SA node)
vagus
Control center for emesis involving a series of muscle contractions in the digestive center
emetic center of brainstem
located in area postrema, detects circulation emetic agents (toxins, opiates, drugs)
CTZ (chemoreceptor trigger zone)
vomiting center of brainstem coordinated by _____ that receives info from CTZ
NTS (nucleus tractus solitarius)
receives input through 5 major receptors: H1, M1, D2, NK-1, and 5-HT3
CTZ
5-HT3, D2, and NK-1 antagonists treat what
chemotherapy induced vomiting
H1 and M1 antagonists treat what
motion sickness
____ antagonists treat hyperemesis gravidarum
H1
located in fourth ventricle and is sensitive to what is in CSF and pressure
area postrema/CTZ
talks to vomiting center; also w/ NTS; and if it gets enough stimulation to vomiting center—-all or none
CTZ
increase in ______ can cause vomiting
ICP
what is the deadliest berry aneurysm location if it ruptures
posterior cerebellar a or basilar a (due to supplying brainstem)
posterior cerebral artery involved with this stroke syndrome
medial midbrain syndrome (Weber)
contralateral spastic hemiparesis of body and face
medial midbrain syndrome (weber)
involved with CN III (ipsilateral oculomotor palsy)
medial midbrain syndrome (weber)
anterior spinal artery (ASA) or vertebral arteries involved with what stroke syndrome
medial medullary syndrome
contralateral spastic hemiparesis of body
contralateral loss of position and vibration
medial medullary syndrome
involves CN XII; tongue deviates to side of lesion
medial medullary syndrome
posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) involved with what stroke syndrome
lateral medullary (wallenberg) syndrome
contralateral pain and temperature loss of body (SL) and ipsilateral loss of pain and temperature to face (spinal V)
ipsilateral limb ataxia (ICP)
ipsilateral Horner syndrome
vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus away from side of lesion (VIII)
lateral medullary (Wallenberg) syndrome
involves nucleus ambiguus (IX, X)—ipsilateral paralysis of vocal cord, dysphagia, palate droop
lateral medullary (wallenberg) syndrome
involves nucleus solitarus (VII, IX, X)—–loss of taste from all of tongue
lateral medullary (wallenberg) syndrome
medial midbrain syndrome
lateral midbrain syndrome
medial medullary syndrome
lateral medullary syndrome
Controls movements of forehead, eyelids, cheeks, mouth and jaw
Tear and saliva secretion
Taste
CN VII (facial)
half face paralysis
LMN lesion of CN VII
Bell’s palsy
CN VII lesion that is forehead sparing
UMN (b/c forehead is dual supplied)
CN VII lesion that has forehead paralysis
LMN
rotates head against resistance
shrug shoulders against resistance
CN XI (Accessory)
serratus anterior m. weakness
long thoracic n. dysfunction
medial scapular winging
trapezius m. weakness
spinal accessory n. dysfunction
lateral scapular winging
CN V (trigeminal)
3 branches of nerves of trigeminal n.
ophthalmic
maxillary
mandibular
tongue deviates opposite to the lesion
mild weakness
UMN paralysis of hypoglossal n.
tongue deviates to side of lesion
atrophy
fasciculation
LMN paralysis of hypoglossal n.