Romeo: Surface Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
2 parts of forebrain
A
telencephalon
Diencephalon
2
Q
midbrain
A
Mesencephalon
3
Q
2 parts of Metencephalon
A
Pons
Cerebellum
4
Q
parts of hindbrain
A
metencephalon (pons and cerebellum)
myelencephalon (medulla)
5
Q
thin gray matter that covers outside surface
where the neurons are
A
cortical sheet
6
Q
deep brain structures in center
thalamus and hypothalamus
A
central core
7
Q
all the wiring (myelinated axons)
A
white matter tracts
8
Q
3 main parts of cerebrum
A
cortical sheet
central core
white matter tracts
9
Q
_____ sulcus separates frontal and parietal from temporal lobe
A
lateral sulcus
10
Q
sulcus that divides frontal from parietal lobe
A
central sulcus
11
Q
primary motor cortex is located in this gyrus
A
Precentral Gyrus
12
Q
this gyrus is responsible for mapping the sense of touch from the human body (primary sensory cortex)
A
Postcentral Gyrus
13
Q
sulcus that separates parietal from occipital lobe
A
Parietooccipital sulcus
14
Q
contains the vision processing center of brain
A
occipital lobe
15
Q
2/3rds of cortex is hidden in what
A
sulci
16
Q
not a random process and happens in third trimester
A
Gyrification
17
Q
_____gyrus deals with object recognition and reading
A
Fusiform Gyrus
18
Q
4 main gyri of frontal lobe
A
superior frontal
middle frontal
inferior frontal
precentral gyrus
19
Q
3 gyri of parietal lobe
A
postcentral gyrus
supramarginal gyrus
angular gyrus
20
Q
3 parts of inferior frontal gyrus
A
Pars opercularis (1)
Pars triangularis (2)
Pars orbitalis (3)
21
Q
3 gyri of temporal lobe
A
superior temporal
middle temporal
inferior temporal
22
Q
5 main lobes of left lateral surface
A
frontal
temporal
parietal
occipital
insula
23
Q
big white matter tract that connects the two hemispheres= forms the roof of lateral ventricle
lateral ventricle sits on top of thalamus
A
corpus callosum
24
Q
above corpus callosum that is part of limbic system that is part of processing emotions and behavior regulation
A
Cingulate
25
located at the most medial margin of inferior surface of frontal lobe (might be involved in personality); in between olfactory bulbs/nerves
Rectus gyrus
26
inside sylvian fissure and is triangle shaped
insula
27
where parts of frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes fold over the insula
Operculum
28
1st transverse temporal gyri=_________ (primary auditory cortex)
Heschl's Gyri
29
Emotional processing
New memory formation
Memory retrieval
Default Mode Network
Limbic system
30
commonly involved in seizure networks
Limbic system
31
70% of seizures are ______ lobe seizures
temporal lobe
32
5 F's of the limbic system:
Feeding, Fleeing, Fighting, Feeling and... Fornicating, the last one being, really, just a fancy word for Sex
33
components of limbic system
34
primarily function to control voluntary movements, initiate motor actions, facilitate motor learning, and contribute to cognitive processes like decision-making, reward processing, and habit formation, with examples including: starting to walk, reaching for an object, learning a new skill like playing piano, evaluating potential risks in a decision, and forming automatic routines like brushing your teeth every morning
basal ganglia
35
______ DBS is primary target for epilepsy
Anterior nucleus of thalamus (ANT)
36
Hippocampus ---> Fornix ----> Mammillary body-----> MMT -----> Anterior nucleus of thalamus------> Cingulate----->Hippocampus
Papez's Circuit
37
white matter band that runs on top of thalamus and ends in hippocampus (e)
Fornix
38
Long range cortical connections (connect lobes of brain)
Association Fibers
39
Short range cortico-cortico connections (same lobe)
U-fibers
40
Cortical-thalamic/BG connections (cortex to deep brain)
Projection Fibers
41
Connects hemispheres
Commissural Fibers
42
Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus (SLF) connects what lobes
frontal-parietal-occipital
43
Arcuate Fasciculus (AF) connects what lobes
frontal-parietal-temporal
44
lesion on arcuate fasciculus (broca's to Wernicke's)
conduction aphasia
45
lesion at brocas area
expressive aphasia
46
lesion at wernickes area
receptive aphasia
47
Inferior Frontal Occipital Fasciculus (IFOF) connects what lobes
inferior frontal-parietal-occipital
48
Uncinate Fasciculus (UF) connects what lobes
frontal-temporal
49
Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus (ILF) connects what lobes
temporal-occipital
50
____billions neurons in cortex
20
51
____ billion neurons in cerebellum
80
52
cortical sheet made up of how many neurons
20 billion
53
how many layers in neocortex
6
54
_____cortex contains limbic structures
Allocortex
55
___ regions of neocortex (neocortical differences)
52
56
this area of cortex is found at the Pars triangularis/opercularis (IFG)
Broca's area
57
this area of cortex is found at supramarginal/angular gyri
Wernicke's area
58
primary visual cortex found here
Calcarine sulcus
59
posterior temporal cortex (object recognition and reading) found where
Fusiform Gyrus
60
Largest neurons in brain
Betz cells
61
R hemisphere receives input from ____ side of body
L
62
L hemisphere receives input from ___ side of body
R
63
motor speech area
Involved in speech production
Broca's area
64
language development
Speech comprehension
Wernicke's area
65
speech functions _______% L hemisphere dominant
90%
66
L hemispheric stroke= speech _______
not normal
67
R hemispheric stroke= speech ____
normal
68
extensive bilateral prefrontal lesions can cause _____ (a lack of inhibition or impulsiveness that can lead to inappropriate actions)
disinhibition
69
lesions in frontal lobe affect what functions
motor
70
close eyes and touch both hands at same time, ask which side you touched
if they have neglect, they will only be able to tell you one side (hemibody neglect)
Parietal lesion
71
finger agnosia, left-right disorientation, acalculia, and agraphia (angular gyrus of parietal lobe lesion)
Gerstmann's syndrome
72
lesion in temporal lobe (amygdala) affects what
memory
73
specific brain region primarily associated with visual recognition, particularly of faces, objects
posterior fusiform gyrus (of temporal bone)
74
HSV-1 encephalitis (affects amygdala)
hypersexuality
hyperphagia
Kluver-Bucy Syndrome
75
central core (deep brain)
#5
foramen of monro
76
connects lateral ventricle to third ventricle
Foramen of monro (#5)
77
#6, 7, 8
6. Putamen
7. Genu of internal capsule
8. Thalamus
78
9
Insula
79
Striatum (Caudate nucleus + Putamen) and Globus Pallidus
Basal Ganglia
80
Main output of striatum (basal ganglia)
cortex to basal ganglia to thalamus and back to cortex
Globus Pallidus
81
#8
Thalamus
82
primary auditory cortex of temporal lobe gets input from what of thalamus
medial geniculate body
83
primary visual cortex of occipital lobe receives input from ____ of thalamus
lateral geniculate body
84
All sensory information, except for olfaction, comes up in some way to sensory part of _______ and is relayed to primary sensory cortices of cortex
Thalamus
85
Ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus receives input from ____ and relays signal to primary motor cortex
cerebellum
86
ventral anterior nucleus of thalamus receives input from_______ and relays info to primary motor cortex
basal ganglia
87
this nucleus of thalamus is involved in tremor network
ventral intermediate nucleus
88
4 main arteries that supply the brain
2 internal carotid arteries (anterior)
2 vertebral arteries (posterior)
89
branches of internal carotids
anterior cerebral
middle cerebral
90
stroke sx's involved with anterior cerebral a
lower extremity (leg weakness)
91
stroke sx's involved with middle cerebral a
upper extremity and face
92
vertebral artery branches
posterior cerebrals
superior cerebellars
anterior inferior cerebellars
posterior inferior cerebellars
93
Communication between the anterior and posterior circulation
Circle of Willis
94
main arterial supply that runs in the front of pons/brainstem that is a combination of vertebral arteries
Basilar artery
95
posterior cerebrals supply what
occipital lobe
96
cerebellar arteries supply what
cerebellum
97
major blood supply to lateral brain; these syndromes can be very life threatening
Middle Cerebral artery
98
major blood supply to medial brain
anterior cerebral artery
99
Vertebral arteries come in around C5/C6 penetrate dura around C1 and combine and form ______runs around the front side of brainstem
basilar artery
100
supplies medial part of temporal lobe and supplies occipital lobe
posterior cerebral artery
101
Temporary drop in bp, these are the areas most affected
Watershed Zones
102
where two arteries share perfusion in the brain
Watershed Zones
103
Poorly formed arteries and veins connected without an interposed capillary system; treacherous lesions to operate on
Arteriovenous Malformations
104
Come into ER with seizures; Associated with facial port-wine birthmark, glaucoma and abnormal brain surface blood vessels
Sturge-Weber Syndrome
