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NSB Biweekly 1 > Romeo: Surface Anatomy > Flashcards

Romeo: Surface Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

2 parts of forebrain

A

telencephalon
Diencephalon

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2
Q

midbrain

A

Mesencephalon

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3
Q

2 parts of Metencephalon

A

Pons
Cerebellum

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4
Q

parts of hindbrain

A

metencephalon (pons and cerebellum)
myelencephalon (medulla)

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5
Q

thin gray matter that covers outside surface
where the neurons are

A

cortical sheet

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6
Q

deep brain structures in center
thalamus and hypothalamus

A

central core

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7
Q

all the wiring (myelinated axons)

A

white matter tracts

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8
Q

3 main parts of cerebrum

A

cortical sheet
central core
white matter tracts

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9
Q

_____ sulcus separates frontal and parietal from temporal lobe

A

lateral sulcus

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10
Q

sulcus that divides frontal from parietal lobe

A

central sulcus

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11
Q

primary motor cortex is located in this gyrus

A

Precentral Gyrus

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12
Q

this gyrus is responsible for mapping the sense of touch from the human body (primary sensory cortex)

A

Postcentral Gyrus

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13
Q

sulcus that separates parietal from occipital lobe

A

Parietooccipital sulcus

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14
Q

contains the vision processing center of brain

A

occipital lobe

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15
Q

2/3rds of cortex is hidden in what

A

sulci

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16
Q

not a random process and happens in third trimester

A

Gyrification

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17
Q

_____gyrus deals with object recognition and reading

A

Fusiform Gyrus

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18
Q

4 main gyri of frontal lobe

A

superior frontal
middle frontal
inferior frontal
precentral gyrus

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19
Q

3 gyri of parietal lobe

A

postcentral gyrus
supramarginal gyrus
angular gyrus

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20
Q

3 parts of inferior frontal gyrus

A

Pars opercularis (1)
Pars triangularis (2)
Pars orbitalis (3)

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21
Q

3 gyri of temporal lobe

A

superior temporal
middle temporal
inferior temporal

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22
Q

5 main lobes of left lateral surface

A

frontal
temporal
parietal
occipital
insula

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23
Q

big white matter tract that connects the two hemispheres= forms the roof of lateral ventricle
lateral ventricle sits on top of thalamus

A

corpus callosum

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24
Q

above corpus callosum that is part of limbic system that is part of processing emotions and behavior regulation

A

Cingulate

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25
Q

located at the most medial margin of inferior surface of frontal lobe (might be involved in personality); in between olfactory bulbs/nerves

A

Rectus gyrus

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26
Q

inside sylvian fissure and is triangle shaped

A

insula

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27
Q

where parts of frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes fold over the insula

A

Operculum

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28
Q

1st transverse temporal gyri=_________ (primary auditory cortex)

A

Heschl’s Gyri

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29
Q

Emotional processing
New memory formation
Memory retrieval
Default Mode Network

A

Limbic system

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30
Q

commonly involved in seizure networks

A

Limbic system

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31
Q

70% of seizures are ______ lobe seizures

A

temporal lobe

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32
Q

5 F’s of the limbic system:

A

Feeding, Fleeing, Fighting, Feeling and… Fornicating, the last one being, really, just a fancy word for Sex

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33
Q

components of limbic system

A

Amygdala
Hippocampus
Thalamus/Hypothalamus
Cingulate Gyrus
Basal Ganglia

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34
Q

primarily function to control voluntary movements, initiate motor actions, facilitate motor learning, and contribute to cognitive processes like decision-making, reward processing, and habit formation, with examples including: starting to walk, reaching for an object, learning a new skill like playing piano, evaluating potential risks in a decision, and forming automatic routines like brushing your teeth every morning

A

basal ganglia

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35
Q

______ DBS is primary target for epilepsy

A

Anterior nucleus of thalamus (ANT)

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36
Q

Hippocampus —> Fornix —-> Mammillary body—–> MMT —–> Anterior nucleus of thalamus——> Cingulate—–>Hippocampus

A

Papez’s Circuit

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37
Q

white matter band that runs on top of thalamus and ends in hippocampus (e)

A

Fornix

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38
Q

Long range cortical connections (connect lobes of brain)

A

Association Fibers

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39
Q

Short range cortico-cortico connections (same lobe)

A

U-fibers

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40
Q

Cortical-thalamic/BG connections (cortex to deep brain)

A

Projection Fibers

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41
Q

Connects hemispheres

A

Commissural Fibers

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42
Q

Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus (SLF) connects what lobes

A

frontal-parietal-occipital

43
Q

Arcuate Fasciculus (AF) connects what lobes

A

frontal-parietal-temporal

44
Q

lesion on arcuate fasciculus (broca’s to Wernicke’s)

A

conduction aphasia

45
Q

lesion at brocas area

A

expressive aphasia

46
Q

lesion at wernickes area

A

receptive aphasia

47
Q

Inferior Frontal Occipital Fasciculus (IFOF) connects what lobes

A

inferior frontal-parietal-occipital

48
Q

Uncinate Fasciculus (UF) connects what lobes

A

frontal-temporal

49
Q

Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus (ILF) connects what lobes

A

temporal-occipital

50
Q

____billions neurons in cortex

A

20

51
Q

____ billion neurons in cerebellum

A

80

52
Q

cortical sheet made up of how many neurons

A

20 billion

53
Q

how many layers in neocortex

A

6

54
Q

_____cortex contains limbic structures

A

Allocortex

55
Q

___ regions of neocortex (neocortical differences)

A

52

56
Q

this area of cortex is found at the Pars triangularis/opercularis (IFG)

A

Broca’s area

57
Q

this area of cortex is found at supramarginal/angular gyri

A

Wernicke’s area

58
Q

primary visual cortex found here

A

Calcarine sulcus

59
Q

posterior temporal cortex (object recognition and reading) found where

A

Fusiform Gyrus

60
Q

Largest neurons in brain

A

Betz cells

61
Q

R hemisphere receives input from ____ side of body

A

L

62
Q

L hemisphere receives input from ___ side of body

A

R

63
Q

motor speech area
Involved in speech production

A

Broca’s area

64
Q

language development
Speech comprehension

A

Wernicke’s area

65
Q

speech functions _______% L hemisphere dominant

A

90%

66
Q

L hemispheric stroke= speech _______

A

not normal

67
Q

R hemispheric stroke= speech ____

A

normal

68
Q

extensive bilateral prefrontal lesions can cause _____ (a lack of inhibition or impulsiveness that can lead to inappropriate actions)

A

disinhibition

69
Q

lesions in frontal lobe affect what functions

A

motor

70
Q

close eyes and touch both hands at same time, ask which side you touched
if they have neglect, they will only be able to tell you one side (hemibody neglect)

A

Parietal lesion

71
Q

Dominant hemisphere lesions (parietal lobe); most prominent part is trouble with math

A

Gerstmann’s syndrome

72
Q

lesion in temporal lobe (amygdala) affects what

A

memory

73
Q

cant recognize faces, can’t read

A

posterior fusiform lesion

74
Q

HSV-1 encephalitis (affects amygdala)
hypersexuality
hyperphagia

A

Kluver-Bucy Syndrome

75
Q

central core (deep brain)
#5

A

foramen of monro

76
Q

connects lateral ventricle to third ventricle

A

Foramen of monro (#5)

77
Q

6, 7, 8

A
  1. Putamen
  2. Genu of internal capsule
  3. Thalamus
78
Q

9

A

Insula

79
Q

Striatum (Caudate nucleus + Putamen) and Globus Pallidus

A

Basal Ganglia

80
Q

Main output of striatum (basal ganglia)
cortex to basal ganglia to thalamus and back to cortex

A

Globus Pallidus

81
Q

8

A

Thalamus

82
Q

primary auditory cortex of temporal lobe gets input from what of thalamus

A

medial geniculate body

83
Q

primary visual cortex of occipital lobe receives input from ____ of thalamus

A

lateral geniculate body

84
Q

All sensory information, except for olfaction, comes up in some way to sensory part of _______ and is relayed to primary sensory cortices of cortex

A

Thalamus

85
Q

Ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus receives input from ____ and relays signal to primary motor cortex

A

cerebellum

86
Q

ventral anterior nucleus of thalamus receives input from_______ and relays info to primary motor cortex

A

basal ganglia

87
Q

this nucleus of thalamus is involved in tremor network

A

ventral intermediate nucleus

88
Q

4 main arteries that supply the brain

A

2 internal carotid arteries (anterior)
2 vertebral arteries (posterior)

89
Q

branches of internal carotids

A

anterior cerebral
middle cerebral

90
Q

stroke sx’s involved with anterior cerebral a

A

lower extremity (leg weakness)

91
Q

stroke sx’s involved with middle cerebral a

A

upper extremity and face

92
Q

vertebral artery branches

A

posterior cerebrals
superior cerebellars
anterior inferior cerebellars
posterior inferior cerebellars

93
Q

Communication between the anterior and posterior circulation

A

Circle of Willis

94
Q

main arterial supply that runs in the front of pons/brainstem that is a combination of vertebral arteries

A

Basilar artery

95
Q

posterior cerebrals supply what

A

occipital lobe

96
Q

cerebellar arteries supply what

A

cerebellum

97
Q

major blood supply to lateral brain; these syndromes can be very life threatening

A

Middle Cerebral artery

98
Q

major blood supply to medial brain

A

anterior cerebral artery

99
Q

Vertebral arteries come in around C5/C6 penetrate dura around C1 and combine and form ______runs around the front side of brainstem

A

basilar artery

100
Q

supplies medial part of temporal lobe and supplies occipital lobe

A

posterior cerebral artery

101
Q

Temporary drop in bp, these are the areas most affected

A

Watershed Zones

102
Q

where two arteries share perfusion in the brain

A

Watershed Zones

103
Q

Poorly formed arteries and veins connected without an interposed capillary system; treacherous lesions to operate on

A

Arteriovenous Malformations

104
Q

Come into ER with seizures; Associated with facial port-wine birthmark, glaucoma and abnormal brain surface blood vessels

A

Sturge-Weber Syndrome

NSB Biweekly 1 (5 decks)

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