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NSB Biweekly 1 > Sos- Motor Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Sos- Motor Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

how many cervical vertebrae and how many cervical nerves

A

7 vertebrae
8 nerves

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2
Q

how many thoracic vertebrae and nerves

A

12

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3
Q

how many lumbar vertebrae and nerves

A

5

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4
Q

how many sacral vertebrae and nerves

A

5

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5
Q

how many coccyx vertebrae and nerves

A

1

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6
Q

spinal disease at or below L2 does not produce _______, only ________

A

doesn’t produce myelopathy (bilateral)
does produce radiculopathy (unilateral)

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7
Q

color of spinal cord and subarachnoid space

A

black
white

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8
Q

top R
middle R

A

cauda equina
conus medullaris

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9
Q

why do cervical and lumbar have wider diameter vertebrae than thoracic

A

cervical deals with upper extremities
lumbar deals with lower extremities

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10
Q

end of spinal cord

A

L1-L2 (conus medullaris)

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11
Q

____ mater anchors spinal cord caudally as filum terminale

A

pia mater

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12
Q

where to do lumbar puncture (spinal tap)

A

L3-L5

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13
Q

spinal cord vs brain white and gray matter orientation

A

brain: gray on periphery; white in middle
spinal cord: white on periphery; gray in middle

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14
Q

what roots form spinal n

A

ventral and dorsal roots

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15
Q

_____ enlargement—arms and legs
“wide bunny”

A

C8 (cervical enlargement—arms and legs)

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16
Q

“skinny butterfly”

A

T2 (thoracic)

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17
Q

_____ horn present from T1-L2 (sympathetics)

A

lateral horn

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18
Q

____ enlargement (legs)

A

lumbar enlargement

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19
Q

two L lines

A

C1
C2 body (can see dens)

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20
Q

atlas (ring); secured to base of skull; moves with the head

A

C1

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21
Q

axis (has the dens that sticks straight up) head rotates around this; dens in anterior location

A

C2

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22
Q

pick out C7

A

spinous process sticks out (is palpable)

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23
Q

L5?

A

at the bend just before the sacrum

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24
Q

do you worry about puncturing nerve during spinal tap b/t L3-L5?

A

no, they will roll around like noodles in boiling water

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25
Q

space for epidural anesthesia

A

L3-L5

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26
Q

which disc is bulging and which one is herniated

A

middle arrow: bulging
bottom arrow: herniated (can see white)

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27
Q

C8 and above pedicle/ nerve root match or mismatch

A

mismatch

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28
Q

both discs affect same nerve root in ____ spine, different than the others

A

cervical

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29
Q

at C6/C7 intervertebral disc, if there is medial or lateral bulging of disc, what nerve is affected

A

C7

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30
Q

intervertbral disc bulging at C7/T1, what nerve is affected

A

C8

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31
Q

paracentral lesion at L4/L5 intervertebral disc, what nerve affected

A

L5

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32
Q

Far lateral lesion at L4/L5 affects what nerve

A

L4

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33
Q

talking about movements and reflexes of body that are impaired after a spinal cord trauma

A

spinal shock

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34
Q

focusing on CNS autonomic control when spinal cord damaged in trauma

A

neurogenic shock

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35
Q

both have hypotension and bradycardia

A

spinal and neurogenic shock

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36
Q

peripheral neurons become temporarily unresponsive to brain stimuli

A

spinal shock

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37
Q

disruption of autonomic pathways; loss of sympathetic tone and vasodilation

A

neurogenic shock

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38
Q

lesions above ____ eliminate all sympathetic flow

A

T1

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39
Q

Lesions between T1 and T6
block sympathetic flow to the ______ and lower extremities

A

adrenals

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40
Q

Lesions below ______block sympathetic flow to the lower extremities

A

T6

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41
Q

what are the main arteries that supply spinal cord

A

2 posterior spinal arteries
1 anterior spinal artery

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42
Q

next to T5/T6 (very large artery for the spinal cord that supplies a good portion of the cord——-if this is damaged, will have anterior part of cord stroking or dying

A

Adamkiewicz artery

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43
Q

Anterior cord syndrome often from damage to _________

A

Adamkiewicz a.

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44
Q

main 3 parts of the cord (don’t pay attention to these colors)

A

anterior, lateral, posterior funiculus

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45
Q

origin is from primary motor cortex, premotor frontal

A

lateral and anterior corticospinal motor tracts

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46
Q

corticospinal tract that decussates

A

lateral corticospinal

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47
Q

decussates at inferior medulla

A

lateral corticospinal tract

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48
Q

primary function is contralateral voluntary movement

A

lateral corticospinal tract

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49
Q

where does lateral corticospinal cord terminate

A

along entire cord at ventral horn

50
Q

where does anterior corticospinal tract terminate

A

cervical and thoracic ventral horns

51
Q

control of bilateral axial and girdle muscles

A

anterior corticospinal tract

52
Q

what part of brain looks like mickey mouse in a horizontal cut

A

midbrain

53
Q

Large cell bodies in motor cortex

A

Betz cells

54
Q

what part of midbrain

A

pons

55
Q

what part of midbrain

A

medulla

56
Q

____ motor neurons before decussation

A

UMNs

57
Q

_____ motor neurons after decussation

A

LMNs

58
Q

blue
purple
red line

A

blue: basal ganglia
purple: thalamus
red line: internal capsule

59
Q

anterior limb of internal capsule primary functions

A

higher cortical functions

60
Q

face and head at the bend (genu) of _____

A

internal capsule

61
Q

upper and lower extremities and trunk in what limb of internal capsule

A

posterior

62
Q

what motor tract

A

lateral corticospinal tract

63
Q

what tract

A

dorsal column medial lemniscus (DCML)

64
Q

what tract

A

anterolateral system

65
Q

tract of spinal cord that is the exception of the normal (normal is medial—upper extremities while lateral——lower extremities)

A

DCML (which is actually similar to how the brain is set up)

66
Q

dermatome for jaw and back of head

A

C2

67
Q

dermatome for neck

A

C3/C4

68
Q

dermatome for thumb

A

C6

69
Q

dermatome for middle finger

A

C7

70
Q

dermatome for little finger (pinkie)

A

C8

71
Q

dermatome for nipple

A

T4

72
Q

dermatome for navel

A

T10

73
Q

dermatome for patella

A

L4

74
Q

dermatome for great toe

A

L5

75
Q

dermatome for genitalia

A

S2/S3

76
Q

dermatome for anus

A

C0

77
Q

help localize spinal cord and spinal root injuries

A

dermatomes

78
Q

cervical flexion myotome

A

C1,C2

79
Q

cervical side flexion myotome

A

C3

80
Q

scapula elevation myotome

A

C4

81
Q

shoulder abduction myotome

A

C5

82
Q

elbow flexion and wrist extension myotome

A

C6

83
Q

elbow extension and wrist flexion myotome

A

C7

84
Q

thumb extension myotome

A

C8

85
Q

finger abduction myotome

A

T1

86
Q

hip flexion myotome

A

L1, L2

87
Q

knee extension myotome

A

L3

88
Q

ankle dorsiflexion myotome

A

L4

89
Q

big toe extension myotome

A

L5

90
Q

ankle plantarflexion myotome

A

S1

91
Q

knee flexion myotome

A

S2

92
Q

components of reflex arc

A

quick response by spinal cord

93
Q

syndrome that frequently involves elderly with underlying spondylosis or younger people with sever extension injury
upper extremity deficits greater than lower extremity

A

central cord syndrome

94
Q

bilateral loss of pain and temperature
syringomyelia (causes cape like distribution)

A

central cord syndrome

95
Q

upper extremity deficit greater than lower extremity deficit in this syndrome b/c lower extremity corticospinal tracts are located lateral in the cord

A

central cord syndrome

96
Q

Anterior spinal artery infarction
artery of Adamkiewicz infarction

A

anterior cord syndrome

97
Q

vertebral burst fracture
thoracic surgery
muscle weakness
bilateral loss of pain and temp. (b/c anterolateral system is located anterior of spinal cord)

A

anterior cord syndrome

98
Q

presents with immediate paralysis, b/c corticospinal tracts are located in anterior aspect of spinal cord

A

anterior cord syndrome

99
Q

extramedullary tumor
penetrating trauma such as a stab wound

A

Brown Sequard syndrome

100
Q

ipsilateral motor weakness and contralateral sensory deficit due to hemisection of spinal cord

A

Brown-Sequard syndrome

101
Q

Tertiary syphillis, B12 deficiency
loss of vibration and proprioception
good prognosis

A

posterior cord syndrome

102
Q

Also – potentially, tranverse myelitis
Probably due to infectious process
total absence of sensation and motor function caudal to level of injury

A

complete spinal cord injury

103
Q

min-hours
trauma

A

acute

104
Q

days to weeks
hematoma, brain tumor, abscess

A

subacute

105
Q

age-related
months to years
overgrowth of bone compressing spinal cord

A

chronic

106
Q
A

cervical spondylosis

107
Q
A

advanced RA

108
Q

______ effectively transects cord

A

compression injury

109
Q

_____lesion

A

autoimmune lesion

110
Q

wavy and bumpy
bilateral lesions

A

transverse myelitis

111
Q

random focal lesions
usually unilateral

A

MS

112
Q

developmental

A

syringomyelia

113
Q
A

anterior cord syndrome

114
Q

motor disease that affects UMNs and LMNs

A

Amyotropic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

115
Q

+ Babinski sign

UMN and LMNs damaged

A

ALS

116
Q

bilateral (demyelinating)

A

ALS

117
Q

unilateral (demyelinating)

A

MS, stroke

118
Q

LMNs affected

Most severe: young children (type I and II)

A

spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)

119
Q

ALS or SMA

A

ALS (bilateral)

120
Q

mickey mouse (midbrain) with bilateral white dots

A

ALS

NSB Biweekly 1 (15 decks)

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