Sos- Stroke Flashcards
Damage to the brain due to a decreased oxygen flow to areas of the brain and spinal cord
stroke
2 main types of stroke
hemorrhagic
ischemic
stroke that happens with no damage seen on histology, but does clue you in on future strokes
Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
Sudden loss of balance
Sudden loss of vision in one or both eyes
Difficulty talking
Facial droop
Sudden muscle weakness
stroke
high bp
high cholesterol
type II diabetes
tobacco/vaping
increases risk of stroke
Normal is 60-100 mmHg
cerebral perfusion pressure
mean arterial pressure (MAP) – Intracranial pressure (ICP)
CPP
normal ICP
5-10 mmHg
2(DBP)+ SBP/3
MAP
CPP below 60
ischemia (coma)
the main regulator of blood flow in the brain
CO2
increase in ______ means increase in blood flow in the brain
CO2
body’s response to elevated ICP
Cushing’s Triad
cushing’s triad:
bradycardia
Cheyne-Stokes respirations
elevated SBP
“red and dead” neurons
stroke
stroke
most common artery that gets occluded
middle cerebral artery
80% of blood to brain is supplied by what
cerebral arteries (MCA and ACA)
most common vessel involved in ischemic stroke
MCA
MCA stroke causes loss of blood flow to R parietal lobe (dont see L side of body)=
hemineglect syndrome
stroke involving _____ has vision deficits
PCA (posterior cerebral a.)
pt strokes, but it began in the heart
Afib not properly controlled w/ meds; clot forms; goes to brain
problems w/ speech and understanding language
R side neglect
Left MCA stroke
most common cause of stroke
cardiogenic
second most common cause of stroke
obstruction in carotids
MCA infarct
what does MCA stroke affect
upper extremities and face
what does ACA stroke affect
lower extremities
learn
___ limb of IC deals with higher cortical function
anterior
___ limb of IC deals with extremities
posterior
top 3
L: callosomarginal a
middle and R: pericallosal a
vision problems and short term memory problems with this stroke
PCA (short term memory due to parahippocampal gyrus)
ACA infarct
posterior infarct
watershed zone infarct
watershed zone infarct
due to small deep penetrating arteries
(lenticulostriate arteries)
hemorrhagic stroke (HTN)
charcot-bouchard aneurysm
_____leads to dilation of these vessels forming Charcot-Bouchard aneurysms and possible rupture
HTN
hemorrhagic stroke
interventricular bleed (HTN stroke)
interventricular bleed
most common areas for berry aneuryms
circle of willis
top artery
basilar a
____ aneurysms can be surgically repaired
saccular
worst headache of my life, thunderclap headache
(subarchanoid hemorrhage) caused by what
rupture of saccular (berry) aneurysm
____% of subarachnoid hemorrhages from rupture of saccular aneurysm in anterior circulation
90%
where is the blood
in Sylvian fissure
where is the blood
subarachnoid hemorrhage around midbrain
where is the blood
around the pons
MCA aneurysm and hemorrhage (anterior circulation)
point out:
supramarginal gyrus
angular gyrus
pre and postcentral gyrus
inferior frontal gyrus
top L: anterior limb of IC
bottom L: nucleus accumbens
top R: septum pellucidum
next: caudate nucleus
next: Putamen
next: septum
what is abnormal
gyral loss
top L: caudate nucleus
next: lateral medullary lamina
next: globus pallidus
next: amygdala
top R: lateral fissure
next: fornix
next: claustrum
next: hippocampus
what part of IC
posterior limb (thalamus is medial to it)
point out:
cerebral aqueduct
parahippocampal gyrus
uncus
point out corona radiata
what is lit up
corona radiata
what view
midbrain (mickey mouse)
name the middle structures
caudate
IC
putamen
thalamus
learn
point out:
parts of brainstem
thalamus
hypothalamus
lateral ventricle
corpus callosum
cingulate gyrus
paracentral lobule/gyrus
if anterior cerebral a. is obstructed, what is the main gyrus affected
paracentral lobule (lower extremities affected)
