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Principles of Biology II > Soil and Plant Nutrition > Flashcards

Soil and Plant Nutrition Flashcards

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0
Q

This type of organism MAKE their OWN FOOD by using inorganic molecules to make organic molecules.

A

Autotrophs

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1
Q

This is a substance that is METABOLIZE by or INCORPORATED into an organism.

A

Nutrient

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2
Q

This type of organism use organic molecules FROM OTHER ORGANISMS to fuel, build and support.

A

Heterotrophs

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3
Q

These are substances needed in plants in order to COMPLETE their REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE.

A

Essential Nutrients

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4
Q

What 3 things occur with LIMITED ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS.

A
  1. ) REDUCE GROWTH and REPRODUCTION of plants
  2. ) DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS
  3. ) ADAPTATIONS for acquiring essential nutrients
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5
Q

What are some ADAPTIONS to SHADE? (3)

A
  1. ) THIN LEAVES
  2. ) Production of MORE CHLOROPHYLL to MAXIMIZE PHOTOSYNTHESIS
  3. ) ARRANGEMENT of leaves/branches
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6
Q

What are some ADAPTIONS to TOO MUCH LIGHT? (2)

A
  1. ) Chloroplasts CHANGE POSITION to AVOID DAMAGE

2. ) ADDITIONAL PIGMENTS are produced

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7
Q

What COLOR are CAROTENOIDS?

A

Yellow/Orange

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8
Q

What COLOR are ANTHOCYANINS?

A

Red/Purple/Blue

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9
Q

What are the HARMFUL EFFECTS of EXCESSIVE LIGHT?

A

Destroys protein and DNA

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10
Q

What are SYMPTOMS of TOO LITTLE LIGHT? (2)

A
  1. ) Die and fall off

2. ) Plant dies

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11
Q

During periods of TOO LITTLE LIGHT, CARBOHYDRATES can be used for ____________ but only to a point.

A

Cellular Respiration

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12
Q

These are NUTRIENTS that ABSORBED FROM the SOIL.

A

Mineral Nutrients

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13
Q

This is a type of MINERAL NUTRIENT that is required in LARGE quantities.

A

Macronutrients

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14
Q

These are a type of MINERAL NUTRIENTS that are required in SMALL quantities.

A

Micronutrients

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15
Q

This is a method of GROWING PLANTS using MINERAL NUTRIENTS IN WATER.

A

Hydroponics

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16
Q

True or False: The method of HYDROPONICS raises plants in aqueous solution containing unknown quantities of solution.

A

FALSE, The method of HYDROPONICS raises plants in aqueous solution containing KNOWN QUANTITIES OF SOLUTION.

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17
Q

True or False: HYDROPONICS uses the same NUTRIENT COMPOSITION of solution.

A

FALSE, HYDROPONICS is VARIED in NUTRIENT COMPOSITION of solution.

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18
Q

What 2 factors do DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS DEPEND UPON?

A
  1. ) Function

2. ) Mobility

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19
Q

This DEFICIENCY SYMPTOM is characterized by PURPLE streaks on the OUTER EDGE of the leaf (NEAR VEINS). They are smaller in size and have a DARK GREEN COLOR.

A

Phosphate Deficiency

20
Q

This DEFICIENCY SYMPTOM is characterized by YELLOW/ORANGE streaks on the OUTER EDGE of the leaf. They are smaller in size, have WEAK stems, WILTED appearance and NECROTIC SPOTS.

A

Potassium Deficiency

21
Q

This DEFICIENCY SYMPTOM is characterized by YELLOW/ORANGE streaks INSIDE of the leaf (MORE THAN younger plants). They are smaller in size.

A

Nitrogen Deficiency

22
Q

NUTRIENTS are SENT to GROWING TISSUE by way of __________.

A

Phloem

23
Q

True or False: GROWING tissue that REQUIRE NUTRIENTS can obtain them from breaking down old tissue.

A

TRUE, GROWING tissue that REQUIRE NUTRIENTS can obtain them from breaking down OLD TISSUE.

24
Q

True or False: all nutrients are PHLOEM MOBILE.

A

FALSE, NOT ALL NUTRIENTS are PHLOEM MOBILE

25
Q

In PHLOEM ______ NUTRIENTS, deficiency symptoms show up in OLD TISSUE FIRST.

A

Phloem MOBILE Nutrients

26
Q

In PHLOEM _________ NUTRIENTS, deficiency symptoms show up in YOUNG TISSUE FIRST.

A

Phloem IMMOBILE Nutrients

27
Q

This is a term used to describe the YELLOWING of LEAVES.

A

Chlorosis

28
Q

NITROGEN FUNCTION
Molecule: Function:

CHLOROPHYLL ________________

A

PHOTOSYNTHETIC CARBON GAIN used as BUILDING BLOCKS for new plant material

29
Q

NITROGEN FUNCTION
Molecule: Function:

NUCLEIC ACID _____________

A

DNA/RNA

30
Q

NITROGEN FUNCTION
Molecule: Function:

PROTEINS ______________

A

Enzymes and ACTIVATING various REACTIONS.

31
Q

NITROGEN FUNCTION
Molecule: Function:

COENZYMES ______________

A

HELPERS in ENZYMATIC REACTIONS

32
Q

PHOSPHOROUS FUNCTION
Molecule: Function:

PHOSPHOLIPIDS _______________

A

Cell Membranes

33
Q

PHOSPHOROUS FUNCTION
Molecule: Function:

NUCLEIC ACIDS ______________

A

DNA/RNA

34
Q

PHOSPHOROUS FUNCTION
Molecule: Function:

ATP _______________

A

ENERGY currency of cell

35
Q

PHOSPHOROUS FUNCTION
Molecule: Function:

SEVERAL COENZYMES _______________

A

HELPERS in ENZYMATIC REACTIONS

36
Q

POTASSIUM FUNCTION
Molecule: Function:

COFACTOR in
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS _______________

A

PROTEIN PRODUCTION

37
Q

POTASSIUM FUNCTION
Molecule: Function:

OSMOLYTE ______________

A

MAINTAINS WATER BALANCE by OPERATION OF STOMATA

38
Q

What MOLECULE in POTASSIUM FUNCTION MAINTAINS WATER BALANCE by OPERATION OF STOMATA?

A

OSMOLYTE

39
Q

What MOLECULE in the function of POTASSIUM aids in PROTEIN PRODUCTION?

A

COFACTOR in

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

40
Q

What MOLECULE in the function of PHOSPHOROUS HELPS in ENZYMATIC REACTIONS?

A

SEVERAL COENZYMES

41
Q

What MOLECULE in the function of PHOSPHOROUS is the ENERGY currency of cell?

A

ATP

42
Q

What MOLECULE in the function of PHOSPHOROUS is involved with DNA/RNA?

A

NUCLEIC ACID

43
Q

What MOLECULE in the function of PHOSPHOROUS is involved in CELL MEMBRANES?

A

PHOPHOLIPIDS

44
Q

Which MOLECULE in the function of NITROGEN helps in ENZYMATIC REACTIONS?

A

COENZYMES

45
Q

What MOLECULE in the function of NITROGEN have VARIOUS FUNCTIONS including enzymes and ACTIVATING various REACTIONS.

A

PROTEINS

46
Q

What MOLECULE in the function of NITROGEN is involved in DNA/RNA?

A

NUCLEIC ACID

47
Q

What MOLECULE in the function of NITROGEN PHOTOSYNTHETIC CARBON GAIN used as BUILDING BLOCKS for new plant material?

A

CHLOROPHYLL

Principles of Biology II (15 decks)

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