Plant Structure, Growth & Development Flashcards
This organ depends on water and minerals from the roots.
Shoot System
This is a multicellular organ that anchors vascular plant in the soil and absorbs water and minerals below ground.
Root
This the main vertical root that gives rise to lateral roots.
Taproot
These roots occur above ground and have been modified to support/anchor, store water and nutrients and absorb oxygen from the air.
Aerial roots
These roots support tall, top heavy plants.
Prop roots
These roots support tall trunks, especially in the tropics.
Buttress roots
Aid in gas exchange.
Pneumatophores
These roots germinate in branches of tall trees and grown down.
Strangling roots
This is the main photosynthetic multicellular organ.
Leaf
This type of leaf is a single undecided blade.
Simple leaf
This type of leaf is comprised of multiple leaflets.
Compound leaf
On this type of leaf, each leaflet is divided into a smaller leaflet.
Doubly compound leaf
These are vine-like structures that help stabilize the plant.
Tendrils
These modified leaves aid in protection from predators.
Spines
These type of leaves store water.
Storage Leaves.
These leaves produce plantlets that fall off and take root.
Reproductive Leaves
These modified leaves resemble petals.
Bracts
This is the outer covering of the plant.
Dermal tissue
This is responsible for storage, photosynthesis and support.
Ground Tissue
Responsible for long distance transport through the plant.
Vascular Tissue
This is the single outermost layer of tightly packed cells functioning in protection, defense, uptake and gas exchange.
Epidermis
Waxy hosting secreted by epidermal cells to prevent water loss.
Cuticle
Hair-like outgrowths of the shoot epidermis functioning in predator defense, reflecting excess and water loss reduction.
Trichomes
These cells regulate the opening and closing of the stomata and function in carbon dioxide and water exchange.
Guard cells
External to vascular tissue.
Cortex
Internal to vascular tissue.
Pith
Generalized plant cell and the least specialized. Major locations include; cortex, pith, stems, roots internal layer of leaves (mesophyll).
Parenchyma
These cells are grouped in strands, have thick, uneven walls and provide strength and flexibility for growth.
Collenchyma
These cells have thick rigid walls are strengthened with lignin and act as a skeleton for strength and support.
Sclerenchyma
This type of sclerenchyma cell us short, irregularly shaped and is what provides hardness to seeds and nutshells.
Sclerid cells
This type of sclerenchyma cell is long, slender and tapered and arranged in threads.
Fiber cells
This joins the leaf to the stem at the node.
Petiole
This is the space between the petiole and the stem.
Axil
This is plant growth throughout the lifetime.
Intermediate Growth
These are tissues that allow growth.
Meristems
APICAL MERISTEMS are located in tips and roots, shoots and buds and are responsible for _________.
Primary Growth (length)
LATERAL MERISTEMS are responsible for ____________.
Secondary Growth (thickness)
This adds layers of secondary xylem and phloem.
Vascular Cambium
This adds layers of secondary dermal tissue called cork.
Cork Cambium
This is a root system with a mat of thin roots that spread.
Fibrous Root System
This is the stalk that attaches the leaves to the stem.
Petiole
This is the broad surface of a leaf.
Blade
This is the point of attachment on the stem.
Node
These are portions of the stem between the nodes.
Internodes
