Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Principles of Biology II > Animal Form & Function > Flashcards

Animal Form & Function Flashcards

0
Q

This TISSUE is made up of densely PACKED CELLS and it PROTECTS, SECRETES and ABSORBS.

A

Epithelial Tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What are the FOUR (4) TISSUE TYPES?

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the THREE (3) different SHAPES of EPITHELIAL TISSUE.

A

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name the THREE (3) different ARRANGEMENTS of EPITHELIAL TISSUE.

A

Simple
Stratified
Pseudo stratified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Identify the SHAPE and ARRANGEMENT of SKIN tissue cells.

A

Stratified

Squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

KIDNEY TUBULES are what type of epithelial tissue?

A

Simple

Cuboidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The RESPIRATORY TRACT is made up of what type of epithelial tissue?

A

Pseudo stratified

Columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The INTESTINES contain what type of epithelial tissue?

A

Simple

Columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

This SEPARATES EPITHELIUM from UNDERLYING TISSUE.

A

Basement Membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the SIX (6) types of CONNECTIVE TISSUE?

A
  1. ) Loose Connective
  2. ) Fibrous Connective
  3. ) Cartilage
  4. ) Bone
  5. ) Adipose
  6. ) Blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the FUNCTION of CONNECTIVE TISSUE? (4)

A

Connect
Surround
Anchor
Support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

This part of CONNECTIVE TISSUE id a WEB of FIBERS embedded in a LIQUID, JELLY or SOLID.

A

Extracellular Matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the FUNCTIONS of the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX? (3)

A

Provide STRUCTURE
PROTECTION
Mechanical STRENGTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the THREE (3) types of CONNECTIVE tissue FIBERS?

A

Collagenous
Elastic
Reticular

Ch. 40 p.4 NOTES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

This CONNECTIVE TISSUE is the mist WIDESPREAD and found THROUGHOUT the BODY.

A

Loose Connective

Ch. 40 p. 4 NOTES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

True or False: loose connective tissue is highly vascular.

A

TRUE,

LOOSE CONNECTIVE tissue is HIGHLY VASCULAR.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the FUNCTIONS of LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE? (3)

A

BINDS EPITHELIA to underlying tissue
NUTRIENT & WASTE REMOVAL
HOLDS ORGANS in place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE found?

A

Tendons

Ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

This type of CONNECTIVE TISSUE is made up of DENSELY PACKED COLLAGENOUS FIBERS.

A

Fibrous Connective Tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

This type of FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE is responsible for BINDING BONES together.

A

Ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

This type of FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE is responsible for ATTACHING MUSCLES to BONES.

A

Tendons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

This type of CONNECTIVE TISSUE is found in JOINTS, EARS and VERTEBRATE EMBRYOS.

A

Cartilage

Ch.40 p.5 NOTES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

CARTILAGE is made up of a RUBBERY MATRIX of _______________.

A

Chondroitin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

This CONNECTIVE TISSUE makes up the SKELETON of the body.

A

Bone Tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

BONE TISSUE is made up of ____________ CONNECTIVE TISSUE.

A

Mineralized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

True or False: bone tissue is hard and brittle.

A

FALSE,

BINE TISSUE is HARD but NOT BRITTLE and acts as a SCAFFOLDING for the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

This type of CONNECTIVE TISSUE is FOUND THROUGHOUT the BODY and contains LIPIDS.

A

Adipose Tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the TWO (2) functions of ADIPOSE TISSUE?

A

Stores ENERGY as FAT

PADS & INSULATES the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the LIQUID MATRIX of BLOOD made up of?

A 
Blood Cells (red & white)
Plasma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the FUNCTION of BLOOD?

A

Gas Exchange
Immune Protection
Blood Clotting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

This TISSUE TYPE is responsible for most BODY MOVEMENT.

A

Muscle Tissue

Ch.40 p.5-6 NOTES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

MUSCULAR TISSUE is made up of __________ cells specialized FOR CONTRACTION.

A

Elongated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the THREE (3) types of MUSCLE TISSUE?

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

____________ MUSCLE TISSUE is VOLUNTARY.

A

Skeletal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

CARDIAC MUSCLE is ____________ and found in the HEART.

A

Involuntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

This type of MUSCLE TISSUE is INVOLUNTARY and is found in ORGAN WALLS, BLOOD VESSELS and IRIS.

A

Smooth Muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

True or False: muscle tissue is a type of connective tissue.

A

FALSE,

MUSCULAR TISSUE is NOT a type of CONNECTIVE TISSUE.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

True or False: muscles work in a pushing action.

A

FALSE,

MUSCLES DO NOT PUSH, they OLNY CONTRACT or RELAX

38
Q

__________ muscle tissue is STRIATED.

39
Q

This TISSUE TYPE is specialized for COMMUNICATION by ELECTRICAL and chemical signals.

A

Nervous Tissue

Ch.40 p.6 NOTES

40
Q

These cells SUPPORT NEURONS.

A

Glial Cells

41
Q

The FUNCTION of nerve cells of NERVOUS TISSUE is _________ and ________.

A

Control

Communication

42
Q

True or False: nervous tissue is specialized for electrical signals but not chemical.

A

FALSE,

NERVOUS TISSUE communicates by BOTH ELECTRICAL & CHEMICAL signals (think neurotransmitters)

43
Q

Tissues are organized into ________.

44
Q

Organs are organized into ___________.

A

Organ Systems

45
Q

The HUMAN BODY contains ___ to ___ TRILLION CELLS

46
Q

This system is composed of GLANDS that secrete HORMONES.

A

Endocrine System

Ch.40 p.6 NOTES (illustration)

47
Q

NERVOUS V.S ENDOCRINE

                COMMUNICATION
A

NERVOUS:
• electrical impulses
• neurotransmitters

ENDOCRINE:
• blood stream
• hormones

48
Q

NERVOUS V.S ENDOCRINE

                        EFFECTS
A

NERVOUS:
• relatively LOCAL/SPECIFIC

ENDOCRINE:
• very GENERAL/WIDESPREAD

49
Q

NERVOUS V.S ENDOCRINE

                         SPEED
A

NERVOUS:
• reacts QUICKLY
• 1-10 msec

ENDOCRINE:
• reacts more SLOWLY
• SECONDS to DAYS

50
Q

NERVOUS V.S ENDOCRINE

                END OF STIMULUS
A

NERVOUS:
• stops QUICKLY

ENDOCRINE:
• may CONTINUE

51
Q

The ENDOCRINE system coordinates GRADUAL CHANGES throughout the body and sends signals for what FOUR (4) processes?

A

Growth/Development
Reproduction
Metabolic Processes
Digestion

52
Q

This is the ability to MAINTAIN a STABLE/CONSTANT internal ENVIRONMENT.

A

Homeostasis

53
Q

Give THREE (3) examples of HOMEOSTASIS.

A

Body Temperature
Blood pH
Glucose Levels

54
Q

What are the THREE (3) components of HOMEOSTATIC CONTROL MECHANISMS?

A

Receptor
Control Center
Effector

55
Q

This COMPONENT of HOMEOSTATIC control MECHANISMS monitors and DETECTS CHANGE in internal ENVIRONMENT.

56
Q

This COMPONENT of HOMEOSTATIC CONTROL mechanisms PROCESS INFORMATION and DECIDES appreciate RESPONSE.

A

Control Center

57
Q

This is the CELL or ORGAN of HOMEOSTATIC control MECHANISMS that CARRIES out CORRECTIVE ACTION.

58
Q

What are the TWO (2) sources of heat for THERMOREGULATION?

A

Internal METABOLISM

External ENVIRONMENT

59
Q

These type of organisms rely on METABOLIC HEAT to MAINTAIN BODY TEMPERATURE.

A

ENDOtherms

60
Q

These types of organisms rely on EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT to MAINTAIN BODY TEMPERATURE.

A

ECTOtherms

61
Q

What are the ADVANTAGES and DISADVANTAGES of ENDOTHERMY?

A

ADVANTAGE: allowance to be ACTIVE

DISADVANTAGE: use MORE ENERGY to maintain homeostasis

62
Q

What are the ADVANTAGES and DISADVANTAGES of ECTOTHERMY?

A

ADVANTAGE: ability to CONTROL body TEMPERATURE

DISADVANTAGE: AT the WILL OF the temperature of the external ENVIRONMENT

63
Q

This is an animal’s ability to CONTROL HEAT EXCHANGE with surrounding ENVIRONMENT.

A

Thermoregulation

64
Q

What are the FOUR (4) PHYSICAL PROCESSES to EXCHANGE HEAT?

A

Radiation
Evaporation
Convection
Conduction

65
Q

What are the FIVE (5) major THERMOREGULATORY MECHANISMS?

A
  1. ) Insulation
  2. ) Circulatory Adaptations
  3. ) Evaporative Cooling
  4. ) Behavioral Adaptions
  5. ) Adjusting to METABOLIC HEAT LOSS
66
Q

This REDUCES the flow of HEAT between ANIMAL and ENVIRONMENT.

A

Insulation

67
Q

Give THREE (3) examples of INSULATION.

A

Skin/Hair
Feathers
Layers of Fat

68
Q

HEAT EXCHANGE is ___ to ___ times FASTER IN WATER.

69
Q

This is the major FLOW between INTERIOR and EXTERIOR BODY.

A

Circulation

70
Q

This CIRCULATORY ADAPTATION is an INCREASE in blood VESSEL DIAMETER.

A

VasoDIALATION

71
Q

True or False: vasodilation usual leads to heat loss.

A

TRUE,

vasoDIALATION leads to HEAT LOSS and INCREASES HEAT TRANSFER.

72
Q

This CIRCULATORY ADAPTION is a DECREASE in blood VESSEL DIAMETER.

A

VasoCONSTRICTION

73
Q

True or False: vasoconstriction decreases heat transfer.

A

TRUE,

vasoCONSTRICTION DECREASES heat transfer and usually MAINTAINS HEAT.

74
Q

This CIRCULATORY ADAPTATION is an ANTIPARALLEL ARRANGEMENT of BLOOD VESSELS.

A

Countercurrent Exchange (veins & arteries)

Ch.40 p.10 NOTES

75
Q

These BLOOD VESSELS carry WARM blood FROM BODY core.

76
Q

These BLOOD VESSELS carry COOLER blood FROM EXTREMITIES.

77
Q

What are the THREE (3) types of CIRCULATORY ADAPTATIONS?

A

VasoDIALATION
VasoCONSTRICTION
Countercurrent Exchange

78
Q

This occurs when HEAT is LOST as water VAPOR.

A

Evaporative Cooling

79
Q

Give FOUR (4) examples of EVAPORATIVE COOLING.

A

Panting
Sweating
Mucous Secretion
Bathing/Wallowing

80
Q

These are changes in BEHAVIOR to deal with THERMOREGULATION.

A

Behavioral Adaptations

81
Q

Give FOUR (4) examples of BEHAVIORAL ADAPTATIONS.

A
  1. ) movement between CLIMATES
  2. ) HIBERNATION
  3. ) HUDDLING
  4. ) BATHING/WALLOWING
82
Q

This is a term for HEAT PRODUCTION.

A

Thermogenesis

83
Q

How can ENDOtherms ALTER THERMOGENESIS? (2)

A
  1. ) Shivering/Moving

2. ) HORMONES cause INCREASE in MITOCHONDRIAL ACTIVITY

84
Q

True or False: non-shivering thermogenesis involving hormones create ATP.

A

FALSE,

NON-SHIVERING thermogenesis involving hormones create HEAT, NOT ATP

85
Q

Why do animals require energy? (4)

A

Growth
Repair
Activity
Reproduction

Ch.40 p.11 NOTES (illustration)

86
Q

_________ ACQUIRE CHEMICAL ENERGY from ORGANIC molecules produced by OTHER ORGANISMS.

A

Heterotrophs

87
Q

This is the AMOUNT of ENERGY an ANIMAL USES in a unit of time.

A

Metabolic Rate

88
Q

This is the MINIMUM METABOLIC RATE for ENDOtherms.

A

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

89
Q

This is the MINIMUM METABOLIC RATE for ECTOtherms.

A

Standard Metabolic Rate (SMR)

90
Q

HUMANS require a MINIMUM of ____ to ____ kcal per day.

A

1,500 to 1,650 kcal

91
Q

An AMERICAN ALLIGATOR requires a MINIMUM of ___ kcal per day.

92
Q

True or False: larger animals require more chemical energy.

A

TRUE,

LARGER animals require MORE CHEMICAL ENERGY.

93
Q

True or False: smaller animals experience a greater energy cost to maintain body temperature.

A

TRUE,

SMALLER animals experience GREATER energy COST,

due an INVERSE relationship between ENERGY NEED and body SIZE

Principles of Biology II (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions