Internal/External Stimuli

Question 0

These are a variety of physical and biological stimuli produced OUTSIDE of the body.

Answer 0

External Stimuli

Question 1

These are chemical signals that are produced WITHIN the body and move from one location to another.

Answer 1

Internal Stimuli

Question 2

Received signals that activate intracellular pathways that lead to cellular responses.

Answer 2

Signal Transduction

Question 3

What are the THREE (3) stages of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION?

Answer 3

Reception
Transduction
Response

Question 4

This is the conversion of one form of energy to another.

Answer 4

Transduction

Question 5

This STAGE of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION is the process by which a signal ACTIVATES.

Answer 5

Reception

Question 6

These are PROTEINS that become ACTIVATED when they receive a SPECIFIC signal.

Answer 6

Receptors

Question 7

What are TWO (2) LOCATIONS of RECEPTORS?

Answer 7

Plasma Membrane (WATER SOLUBLE)
Intracellular (NOT water soluble)

Question 8

These are SMALL MOLECULES and IONS inside of the cell that AMPLIFY signal from RECEPTOR and TRANSFER signal to EFFECTORS.

Answer 8

Secondary Messengers

Question 9

What are the the FOUR (4) STAGES of the SECONDARY MESSENGER SYSTEM?

Answer 9

1. ) HORMONE BINDS to receptor
2. ) RECEPTOR ACTIVATES G protein
3. ) ATP CONVERTED into cAMP
4. ) cAMP ACTIVATES kinases

Question 10

This is the ACTIVATION of EFFECTORS which will REGULATE one or more CELLULAR ACTIVITIES.

Answer 10

Response

Question 11

What are TWO (2) types of CELLULAR RESPONSES?

Answer 11

Transcriptional Regulation

Post Translational Modification

Question 12

This is the interaction between internal and external stimuli.

Answer 12

Etiolation Response

Question 13

This is the receptor to the signal of light.

Answer 13

Phytochrome

Question 14

This is the plant growth response in light.

Answer 14

De-etiolation

Question 15

This is a CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE which REGULATE the METABOLIC FUNCTION of target cells.

Answer 15

Hormone

Question 16

That THREE (3) things to plant hormones generally affect?

Answer 16

Cellular Division
Cellular Elongation
Cellular Differentiation

Question 17

This is the MASTER plant HORMONE that influence plants throughout their LIFETIME.

Answer 17

Auxin

Question 18

What are the major functions of auxin (3)?

Answer 18

Stem Elongation
Lateral and Adventitious Root Growth
Phototropism and Gravitropism

Question 19

Where are auxins PRODUCED (3)?

Answer 19

Apical meristems of ROOTS and SHOOTS
Young leaves
Developing seeds and fruits

Question 20

Where are auxins transported (2)?

Answer 20

Parenchyma cells

Apoplastic transport

Question 21

These work in concert with auxins to CONTROL CELL DIVISION, DIFFERENTIATION and APICAL DOMINANCE.

Answer 21

Cytokinins

Question 22

These are involved in the SLOWING GROWTH of plants.

Answer 22

Abscisic Acids

Question 23

This triggers FRUIT RIPENING.

Answer 23

Ethylene

Question 24

This is the PROGRAMMED DEATH of certain cells/organs of a plant.

Answer 24

Senescence