Internal/External Stimuli Flashcards
These are a variety of physical and biological stimuli produced OUTSIDE of the body.
External Stimuli
These are chemical signals that are produced WITHIN the body and move from one location to another.
Internal Stimuli
Received signals that activate intracellular pathways that lead to cellular responses.
Signal Transduction
What are the THREE (3) stages of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION?
Reception
Transduction
Response
This is the conversion of one form of energy to another.
Transduction
This STAGE of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION is the process by which a signal ACTIVATES.
Reception
These are PROTEINS that become ACTIVATED when they receive a SPECIFIC signal.
Receptors
What are TWO (2) LOCATIONS of RECEPTORS?
Plasma Membrane (WATER SOLUBLE) Intracellular (NOT water soluble)
These are SMALL MOLECULES and IONS inside of the cell that AMPLIFY signal from RECEPTOR and TRANSFER signal to EFFECTORS.
Secondary Messengers
What are the the FOUR (4) STAGES of the SECONDARY MESSENGER SYSTEM?
- ) HORMONE BINDS to receptor
- ) RECEPTOR ACTIVATES G protein
- ) ATP CONVERTED into cAMP
- ) cAMP ACTIVATES kinases
This is the ACTIVATION of EFFECTORS which will REGULATE one or more CELLULAR ACTIVITIES.
Response
What are TWO (2) types of CELLULAR RESPONSES?
Transcriptional Regulation
Post Translational Modification
This is the interaction between internal and external stimuli.
Etiolation Response
This is the receptor to the signal of light.
Phytochrome
This is the plant growth response in light.
De-etiolation
This is a CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE which REGULATE the METABOLIC FUNCTION of target cells.
Hormone
That THREE (3) things to plant hormones generally affect?
Cellular Division
Cellular Elongation
Cellular Differentiation
This is the MASTER plant HORMONE that influence plants throughout their LIFETIME.
Auxin
What are the major functions of auxin (3)?
Stem Elongation
Lateral and Adventitious Root Growth
Phototropism and Gravitropism
Where are auxins PRODUCED (3)?
Apical meristems of ROOTS and SHOOTS
Young leaves
Developing seeds and fruits
Where are auxins transported (2)?
Parenchyma cells
Apoplastic transport
These work in concert with auxins to CONTROL CELL DIVISION, DIFFERENTIATION and APICAL DOMINANCE.
Cytokinins
These are involved in the SLOWING GROWTH of plants.
Abscisic Acids
This triggers FRUIT RIPENING.
Ethylene
This is the PROGRAMMED DEATH of certain cells/organs of a plant.
Senescence
