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EMR > Soft Tissue > Flashcards

Soft Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Rule of Nines - Adult

A

Head - 9%
Chest - 9%
Abdomen - 9%
Groin - 1%
Legs - 18% each
Arms - 9% each
Upper Back - %9
Lower Back - %9

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2
Q

Rule of Nines - Child

A

Head - 18%
Arms - 9% each
Legs - 14% each
Front - 18%
Back - 18%
Groin - 1%

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3
Q

Rule of Nines - Infant

A

Head - 18%
Legs - 14% each
Arms - 9% each
Groin - 1%
Front - 18%
Back - 18%

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4
Q

Criteria for Burn Centre Transfer

A
  • 2nd degree burns covering more than 10% of the body
  • burns involving the face, genitals, perineum, hands, feet, major joints.
  • 3rd degree burns
  • electrical/lightning burns
  • other medical problems or trauma
  • future rehabilitation
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5
Q

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Electrical Injuries?

A
  • Entry and Exit burns
  • Paralysis
  • Muscle Tenderness/Twitching
  • Respiratory difficulty/arrest
  • Irregular heartbeat/Cardiac arrest
  • Elevated BP/ Low BP
  • Shock
  • Restlessness/Irritability
  • Visual Difficulties
  • Fractured Bones
  • Dislocation
  • Seizures
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6
Q

What are the THREE types of burns?

A
  1. Superficial
  2. Partial Thickness
  3. Full Thickness
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7
Q

Describe a Superficial Burn

A

-only the epidermis (outer layer), reddened, swelled skin. Typically a sunburn - first degree

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8
Q

Describe a Partial Thickness Burn

A

-epidermis is burned through, deep intense pain. Red, blistered, mottled skin. Second degree

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9
Q

Describe a Full Thickness Burn

A

All layers of skin are damaged, charred, black/brown, dry/white, may have severe pain or no pain at all. 3rd degree burn.

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10
Q

What is a Puncture wound?

A

An open wound that tears through and destroys underlying tissue. Can be shallow or deep.

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11
Q

What is a Perforating Puncture Wound?

A

A puncture wound that has both an entry and exit wound.

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12
Q

What is the “Rule of Nines” used for?

A

Estimating extent and body coverage of burns.

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13
Q

What is the “Rule Of Palm” used for?

A

Estimating burn extent with one’s hand, one hand equals 1%

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14
Q

What is a Universal Dressing?

A

A bulky dressing that can be used in multiple ways.

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15
Q

What are the Structures involved in the Respiratory System?

A

-nasal cavity
-pharynx
-larynx
-trachea
-bronchial tubes
-lungs

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16
Q

What are the structures involved in the Cardiovascular System

A

-heart
-arteries
-veins

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17
Q

What are the structures involved in the lymphatic system?

A

-tonsils/adenoids
-thymus gland
-spleen
-lymph nodes
-lymphatic vessels

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18
Q

What are the Structures of the Nervous System?

A

-brain
-spinal cords
-nerves

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19
Q

What are the structures of the Digestive System?

A

-oral cavity
-pharynx
-esophagus
-stomach
-small intestine
-large intestine (colon)
-liver
-gall bladder
-pancreas

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20
Q

What are the structures of the Integumentary system?

A

-skin
-nails
-hair
-sweat glands

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21
Q

What are the structures of the Endocrine system?

A

-pituitary gland
-pineal gland
-thyroid
-parathyroid
-thymus
-adrenal glands
-pancreas
-tested
-ovaries

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22
Q

What are the structures of the Renal/Urinary systems?

A

-kidneys
-ureters
-bladder
-urethra

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23
Q

What are the structures of the male reproductive system?

A

-testes
-epididumis
-vas deferens
-penis
-seminal vesicles
-prostate gland

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24
Q

What are the structures of the Female Reproductive system?

A

-ovaries
-fallopian tubes
-uterus
-vagina
-vulva
-breats

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25
Q

What are the three functions of the Musculoskeletal system?

A

-gives body shape
-protect vital internal organs
-body movement

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26
Q

What are the components of the skeleton?

A

-Skull
-spine
-shoulders
-upper extremities
-ribs
-pelvis
-sternum
-lower extremities

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27
Q

What are the components of the Musculoskeletal system?

A

-skeleton
-muscles
-ligaments
-tendons

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28
Q

What do Tendons and Ligaments do?

A

Ligaments - bone to bone
Tendons - muscle to bone

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29
Q

What is the skull?

A

Bony structure of the head

30
Q

What is the cranium?

A

The top, back, and sides of the skull

31
Q

What are bones?

A

Hard but flexible living structures, providing support for body and organs.

32
Q

What are Joints?

A

Where bones meet

33
Q

What is the Appendicular Skeleton?

A

Our extremities

34
Q

What is our Axial Skeleton?

A

The Skull, spine, ribs, and sternum.

35
Q

What are the types of MOI’s with Musculoskeletal?

A

-Direct Force
-Twist Force
-Indirect Force

36
Q

What is the Expected blood loss per fracture?

A

Pelvic Fracture - 3-4 pints
Femoral Fracture - 2 pints
Tibial/Fibular Fracture - 1 pint

37
Q

What is a fracture?

A

any break in a bone

38
Q

What is a comminuted fracture?

A

the bone is broken is several places

39
Q

What is a green stick fracture?

A

an incomplete fracture

40
Q

What is an angulated fracture?

A

broken bone fragments are at an angle.

41
Q

What are the temporal bones?

A

bones forming sides of skull and floor of cranial cavity

42
Q

What is the mandible?

A

the lower jawbone

43
Q

what is the temporomandibular joint?

A

moveable joint between mandible and temporal bones

44
Q

what is the maxillae?

A

2 fused bones forming the upper jaw

45
Q

What are the nasal bones?

A

the bones that form the upper 3rd or bridge of nose.

46
Q

What is the Molar?

A

The cheekbone

47
Q

What are the orbits?

A

the eye sockets.

48
Q

What is the care protocol for Thermal Burns, to the eyes?

A

DO NOT OPEN THE EYES IF THEY ARE BURNT

  1. Apply sterile gauze to prevent movement (both eyes).
49
Q

Protocol Care for Chemical burns, to the eyes?

A
  1. Flush eyes for 20 mins on the way to hospital
  2. Apply gauze to prevent movement
  3. If burning returns continue to flush.

IMMEDIATE TRANSPORT

50
Q

What is a Laceration?

A

a clean cut, straight edges

51
Q

What is an occlusive dressing?

A

A dressing that forms an airtight seal

52
Q

What is an open wound?

A

An injury where skin is interrupted and tissue is exposed.

53
Q

What is a partial thickness burn? What does it look like?

A

First layer of skin is burned, the second layer is damaged.

red blistering and mottled.

54
Q

What is a pressure dressing?

A

A dressing applied tightly to control bleeding.

55
Q

What are the layers of tissue?

A

•Epidermis - outer layer

•Dermis - inner layer, rich in nerves, blood vessels

•Subcutaneous Layers - layers of fat and tissue

56
Q

How to treat abrasions and lacerations?

A

Treat as an open wound
-extra caution to wound contamination

57
Q

What is care protocol for Avulsions?

A
  1. Clean of gross contaminants
  2. Fold back skin
  3. Control Bleeding
58
Q

What is the care for Puncture/Impaled wounds for Eye?

A
  1. Stabilize object with bulky gauze dressing
  2. Apply Rigid protection
  3. Dress/ bandage uninjured eye to prevent movement
  4. consider oxygen and shock care (ALS)
  5. Reassure patient
59
Q

What is the care for Penetrating Cheek trauma?

A
  1. Examine wound site
  2. Remove object if you find perforation and can see both ends
  3. Position patient, allow for drainage
  4. Monitor airway, suction
  5. dress the outside
  6. consider O2 and shock care
60
Q

What is the proper protocol for penetrating/impalement care?

A
  1. Expose wound, reassure
  2. control bleeding with direct pressure, search for additional penetrations.
  3. get description of object for hospital ( length, width, item)
  4. Stabilize item with dressing and bandages
  5. Care for shock
  6. Rest, transport, reassure
61
Q

What are the proper steps to care for an open neck wound?

A
  1. ensure an open airway
  2. gloves hand over wound
  3. apply occlusive dressing to the wound
  4. place bandage over dressing
  5. apply pressure as needed
  6. once bleeding has stopped, bandage dressing in place
  7. if suspected c spine injury, immobilize
62
Q

Explain the Dressing and bandaging process for the following injuries…

A

forehead/ear (no skull injury) - place dressing on wound, secure with roller gauze wrapped around head.

Elbow/knee- place dressing, secure with cravat or roller gauze applied in figure 8 motion.

Hand - place dressing, wrap with roller, secure at wrist, bandage in position of function.

forearm/leg - place dressing and secure with a roller bandage, distal to proximal -best of palm or sole is wrapped.

Shoulder - place dressing and secure with figure 8 motion with cravat or roller gauze, pad under knot of cravat.

Hip - place dressing and use a large bandage to secure, cover hip. Secure with a cravat around the waist and use the second one around the thigh on the injured side.

63
Q

What is the care for treating an amputation?

A
  1. Care for limb attached first - control the bleed
  2. Care for amputated limb -clean, keep cool, transport

Never freeze the limb

*never complete an amputation

64
Q

What are the steps of care for thermal burns?

A
  1. stop the burning process and cool down
  2. ensure an open airway, search for airway injuries
  3. complete primary assessments
  4. treat for shock - high concentration oxygen
  5. evaluate burns by depth, extent, severity
  6. do not clear debris but remove jewelry and clothing
  7. wrap with dry sterile dressing
  8. consider als
65
Q

What are the proper steps of care for a genital injury?

A
  1. control any bleeding
  2. preserve any parts that are not attached
  3. consider what injury may suggest and whether or not there are more serious injuries inside
  4. display a calm manner, providing lots of reassurance
  5. provide non threatening care, sexual abuse may be present
  6. dress and bandage wound
  7. consider sexual assault
66
Q

What are the steps of care for an electrical injury?

A
  • ENSURE PATIENT IS GROUNDED*
  1. ensure an open airway and stop any bleeding
  2. provide basic cardiac life support - prepare AED
  3. care for shock, and high conc oxygen
  4. care for spinal injuries, head injuries and any possible fractures
  5. evaluate burns, entry and exit sites
  6. cool burn areas
  7. apply dry, sterile dressing
  8. transport
67
Q

What are the proper steps of care for an impaled object in the eye?

A
  1. stabilize object with 2 rolls of gauze
  2. apply rigid protection
  3. secure in place with roller gauze
  4. dress the unbandaged eye
  5. oxygen and care for shock
  6. reassure patient and transport
68
Q

What is the proper care for chemicals in the eyes?

A
  1. flood eyes with water
  2. continue running water into inner corners of eye
  3. als
  4. transport, continue flushing
  5. cover eyes with damp dressing
  6. wash again if patient feels burning return
69
Q

What is the proper care for thermal burns to the eyes?

A
  1. do not open eyes if they are burned
  2. apply sterile gauze to prevent movement of both eyes
70
Q

what is the care for a patient with internal bleeding?

A
  1. maintain airway
  2. high flow oxygen
  3. control any external bleeds
  4. assess for shock
  5. apply splint or tourniquet if in appropriate place
  6. preserve temperature
  7. transfer urgent

EMR (30 decks)

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