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Abdominal/Chest Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

What is Important to note when dealing with Bullet Wounds?

A

Path of the Bullet
-deflects easily off of bones, creates more problems
-suspect penetrated lung, spleen, liver.

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2
Q

What is a Flail Chest?

A

Fracture of 2 or more adjacent ribs in 2 or more places that allows free movement of fractured segment.

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3
Q

What is Paradoxical Movement?

A

movement of ribs in flail segment

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4
Q

What is a pneumothorax?

A

air in the chest cavity

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5
Q

What is a hemothorax?

A

blood/fluid in the chest.

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6
Q

What is a Tension Pneumothorax?

A

a type of pneumo, in which air enters but cannot escape

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7
Q

What is Visceral Pain?

A

•Hollow Organs - Crampy, colicky
•Solid Organs - Dull, Persistent

Organ pain, dull/achey intermittent pain…difficult to locate.

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8
Q

What is Parietal Pain?

A

•Parietal peritoneum pain…widespread, easier to locate.

-usually accompanying internal bleeds, and infection.

-sharp and constant pain, worsens with activity.

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9
Q

What is Tearing pain?

A

•the most common kind

•stomach and aorta are the only areas that can feel this pain.

-commonly a AAA or stomach ulcers.

  • feels hot, searing, and tearing.
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10
Q

What is referred pain?

A

-Felt in over places, not where pain originates, due to where the nerves return to spinal cord.

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11
Q

What organs are in the Left Lower Quadrant?

A

-left Kidney
-left Ureter
-Bladder
-Blood Vessels
-Nerves
-left Fallopian tube
-left Ovary

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12
Q

Questions to take note of for Female PHX for Abdominal Pain…

A

-What a regular period looks like
-When the last period started and ended
-If last period was late, due, or early
-If there is bleeding unrelated to period
- What the flow of previous period was, and what is considered normal for patient
-If there is common/unusual pain, and the last time it happened
-If there is a possibility of pregnancy

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13
Q

What is Care protocol for Internal Bleeding?

A
  1. Maintain ABC’s
  2. Consider High Flow/High Conc O2
  3. Control any external bleeds
  4. If shocky - O2
  5. If suspected internal bleed of extremity- apply appropriate splint/tourniquet
  6. Preserve temperature
  7. Transport urgent.
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14
Q

What are the Signs and Symptoms of an Abdominal Injury?

A

-pain
-cramps
-nausea
-weakness
-thirst
-obvious puncture
-obvious laceration
-wounding to pelvis, mid/lower back, or chest wounds
-indication of blunt trauma
-Shock
-coughing/vomiting blood
-rigid/tender abdomen
-distended abdomen
-laying still, legs drawn up

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15
Q

What is a simple pneumothorax?

A

a hole in the lung

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16
Q

what is an open pneumothorax?

A

a hole in the chest wall

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17
Q

What is a spontaneous pneumothorax?

A

a weak spot or tear in the lung

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18
Q

What are the 3 degrees of penetrating trauma?

A

Low Energy - knife/sharp objects
High Energy - rifles/handguns
Shotgun - injury dependent on distance between gun and patient

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19
Q

What are the Solid Organs in the body?

A

-spleen
-liver
-pancreas
-kidneys

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20
Q

What are our Hollow Organs?

A

-stomach
-gallbladder
-duodenum
-large intestine
-small intestine
-bladder

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21
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Traumatic Asphyxia?

A

-JVD
-head/neck/shoulders dark purple
-bloodshot/bulging eyes
-swollen/blue tongue and lips
-chest deformity/tenderness

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22
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Cardiac Tamponade?

A

-JVD
-Weak Pulse
-Low BP
-Steady/decreasing pulse

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23
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of An Aortic Injury/Dissection?

A

-tearing chest pains
-L/R vitals will differ
-Pulsating mass at the umbilicus
-Cardiac arrest

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24
Q

What is positional asphyxia?

A

Inadequate breathing or respiratory arrest cause by body positioning that affects breathing

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25
What is the Peritoneum?
The membrane that lines the abdominal cavity, and covers the organs. The cavity is the - parietal peritoneum The covering is - Visceral Peritoneum
26
What is the Retroperitoneal Space?
Space between the back and the peritoneum
27
What are the signs and symptoms of a Spontaneous Pneumothorax?
-chest pain -shortness of breath -sweating -tachycardia -low SPO2 -hypotension
28
What is the treatment for a Spontaneous Pneumothorax?
1. Oxygen 2. Position of Comfort 3. ALS 4. Transport
29
What is compartment syndrome?
-injury is caused when tissues are constricted within a space from swelling. Progression -injury causes bleeding and swelling within extremities -pressure and swelling becomes so great that the body cannot perf used against the pressure -cellular damage occurs, adding more pressure and swelling -blood flow to area is lost
30
What are the Blunt force trauma divisions?
-Blast -crush -deceleration
31
The collarbones to the _____ is the thoracic cavity
diaphragm
32
What are the 3 general signs and symptoms of a chest cavity wound?
-respiratory difficulty -uneven chest wall movements -loss/reduction of breath sounds on one sode
33
What are the signs and symptoms of a pneumothorax?
-respiratory difficulty -hypoxia and cyanosis -shock (weak rapid pulse, low bp) -JVD -tracheal deviation
34
What are the signs and symptoms of a Hemothorax?
-respiratory difficulty -hypoxia and cyanosis -shock (weak rapid pulse, low bp) -JVD -tracheal deviation -red frothy sputum
35
What is the care for a hemothorax and hemopneumothorax?
1. open the airway 2. O2 3. dress open wounds 4. shock care 5. transport and consider ALS
36
What is the care for traumatic asphyxia?
1. open airway 2. O2 3. dress any open wounds 4. care for shock 5. transport 6. ALS
37
What is the care for cardiac tamponade?
1. open airway 2. O2 3. dress open wounds 4. transport and care for shock
38
What are the steps of care for penetrating chest trauma?
1. scene safety 2. ALS 3. Open airway 4. seal chest wound 5. position of comfort 6. high concentration O2 7. shock 8. transport
39
What is the care for a flail chest?
1. high conc O2 2. PPV if needed 3. ALS 4. Monitor breathing rates and other vitals
40
What is the care for a Tension/Simple Pneumothorax?
1. contact ALS 2. seal open chest wounds 3. open dressing if suspected tension 4. maintain airway, high conc O2 5. Position of comfort
41
What would pain in the left lower quadrant indicate?
-diverticular disease -pelvic pain -groin pain -inguinal hernia
42
What would pain in the left middle quadrant indicate?
-kidney stones -diverticular disease -constipation -inflammatory bowel
43
What would pain in the left upper quadrant indicate?
-stomach ulcer -duodenal ulcer -biliary colic -pancreatitis
44
What would pain in the right upper quadrant indicate?
-gallstones -stomach ulcer -pancreatitis
45
What would pain in the right middle quadrant indicate?
-kidney stones -UTI -constipation -lumbar hernia
46
What would pain in the right lower quadrant indicate?
-appendicitis -constipation -pelvic pain -groin pain -inguinal hernia
47
What would pain in the middle upper quadrant mean?
-stomach ulcer -heartburn or indigestion -pancreatitis -gallstones -epigastric hernia
48
What would pain in the middle mid quadrant mean?
-pancreatitis -early appendicitis -stomach ulcers -inflammatory bowel -small bowel -umbilical hernia
49
What would pain in the middle lower quadrant indicate?
-urine infection -appendicitis -diverticular disease -inflammatory bowel -pelvic pain
50
What are the signs and symptoms of kidney stones?
-fever -stomach pain -vomiting -dizziness -blood in urine -back ache
51
What is the care for kidney stones?
-airways -o2 -POC -transport
52
What are the signs and symptoms of pancreatitis?
-vomiting -fever -tachycardia -tripodding -radiates to back -gradual/sudden/severe central pain
53
WhT is the care for pancreatitis?
-airway -oxygen -poc -transport
54
What are the signs and symptoms of cholecystitis?
-fever and leukocytosis -jaundice -nausea/vomiting -anorexia -fat intolerance -feeling of fullness -ABD distension -pain in RUQ, right shoulder, and radiates to back and increases with deep breaths
55
What is the care for cholecystitis?
-airway -oxygen -POC -transport
56
What are the proper steps to care for an evisceration?
*DO NOT SHOVE ORGANS BACK IN* 1. apply sterile dressing 2. remoisten regularly 3. keep patient warm
57
What are the signs and symptoms for a dissecting Aortic Aneurysm?
-sudden/severe pain -radiating to back and groin -hot, searing, tearing sensation -pulsating mass at umbilicus -signs and symptoms of shock
58
What are the proper steps of care for a dissecting aortic aneurysm?
1. Handle very gently. 2. do not sit up 3. High concentration, oxygen. 4. Consider ALS. 5. urgent transport 6. Be prepared for sudden death.
59
what are the signs and symptoms of ectopic pregnancy?
-Missed menstrual cycle and signs of pregnancy -Abdominal pain lowdown on one side -Vaginal bleeding or brown watery discharge -Pain in the tip of shoulder -Discomfort with bowel movements and urination
60
What is the proper care for an ectopic pregnancy transfer?
-maintain airway -High concentration, oxygen -Position of comfort -Immediate transport
61
What are the signs and symptoms of Renal Colic?
-acute sudden pain in back/side and will radiate to abdomen and groin -blood in urine - nausea and vomiting -no position brings comfort
62
What is the proper care for renal colic?
1. maintain airway 2. O2 3.POC 4.transport and consider ALS
63
What is the care for a flail chest or rib fracture?
-ALS -Position of Comfort -shock care -hold pillow against chest.
64
What is the care for an evisceration?
1. cover exposed area 2. do not attempt to shove back in 3. treat for shock 4. care for other injuries
65
What are common complications that come with chest and abdomen injuries?
-disruption of breathing -hemorrhaging and shock -disruption of organ function -infection
66
What are the signs and symptoms of Appendicitis?
-sudden pain on right side of abd -nausea and vomiting -loss of appetite -fever -constipation/diarrhea -bloating
67
What is the care for Appendicitis?
1. maintain airway 2. oxygen 3. position of comfort 4. ALS and transport
68
What are the signs and symptoms of testicle torsion?
-sudden or severe pain in scrotum -swelling of scrotum -nausea or vomiting -one testicle is higher or in a strange position -frequent urination -fever
69
What is the care for testicle torsion?
1. maintain airway 2.02 3. position of comfort 4. transport
70
Assessing an Abdominal Injury
-patient will be in pain (rapid or intense onset) -cramps -nausea -weakness -thirst -physical injuries to abdomen, pelvis, lower back, chest or diaphragm -evidence of blunt force trauma or bruising -shock -vomiting coffee grounds or red sputum - TRD in the abdomen -patient is guarding abdomen -lying very still
71
What is the proper care for a closed abdominal wound?
1. stay alert for vomit 2.place patient on back with legs flexed 3.oxygen 4.ALS 5.treat for shock -no meds by mouth

EMR (30 decks)

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