Cardiac Emergencies

Question 1

What are the Peripheral Pulses?

Answer 1

Radial, brachial, tibial, dorsalis pedis

Question 2

What is Plasma?

Answer 2

the fluid part of blood

Question 3

What are platelets?

Answer 3

clotting material of blood

Question 4

What and where is the Posterior Tibial Artery?

Answer 4

artery supplying the foot, behind the medial ankle.

Question 5

What is the Aorta?

Answer 5

The largest artery, carrie’s blood from left ventricle.

Question 6

What is an arteriole?

Answer 6

smallest type of artery

Question 7

What is an artery?

Answer 7

any blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart.

Question 8

What is the function of the Cardiovascular system?

Answer 8

-pumps blood
-transports nutrients, oxygen, waste.

Question 9

What is a a venule?

Answer 9

the smallest kind of vein

Question 10

What do white blood cells do?

Answer 10

help body fight infection.

Question 11

What is Blood vessel Dysfunction?

Answer 11

-vessels no longer intact
-loss of tone
-excessive permeability
-hypertension

Question 12

What is a Vein?

Answer 12

any vessel running to the heat

Question 13

What is the Venae Cavae?

Answer 13

Superior and Inferior

Run blood from body to right atrium

Question 14

What are the ventricles?

Answer 14

2 lower chamber of the heart

R - oxygen poor blood to the lungs
L - oxygen rich blood to the body

Question 15

What is the Brachial Artery?

Answer 15

Upper arm artery, site of pulse for infants.

Question 16

What is a capillary?

Answer 16

Thin walled, microscopic blood vessel

provided exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrient waste with the body cells

Question 17

What is the Cardiac Conduction System?

Answer 17

Specialized muscle tissue that conducts electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat.

Question 18

What is cardiac muscle?

Answer 18

Involuntary muscle found in the heart only

Question 19

What are the Cartoid Arteries?

Answer 19

Large neck arteries that carrie’s blood from the heart to the head.

Question 20

What are our Central Pulses?

Answer 20

Cartoid and femoral

Question 21

What are the coronary arteries?

Answer 21

Blood vessels that supply the heart with blood.

Question 22

What is the Diastolic Blood pressure number mean?

Answer 22

Pressure in the artistes when the left ventricle is refilling

Question 23

What is Mechanical Cardiac Dysfunction?

Answer 23

-Physical Trauma (bullet holes, stab wounds, blunt force trauma)
- loss of cardiac muscle from cell death (often accompany a heart attack)

Question 24

What is Electrical Cardiac Dysfunction?

Answer 24

Can be a result of heart attack/ heart failure, or electrical injuries.

arrhythmias will be present

Question 25

What is Automaticity?

Answer 25

The hearts ability to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own.

Question 26

What is the Autonomic Nervous system?

Answer 26

Division of peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary motor function.

Question 27

What is Blood Pressure?

Answer 27

Pressure cause by blood exerting force against the wall of that blood vessel. We measure Arterial BP

Question 28

What is Angina?

Answer 28

Insufficient blood flow to heart due to the narrowing of the coronary arteries.

Question 29

What are the signs and symptoms of Angina?

Answer 29

•Chest pains -substernal, may radiate, leaves w rest •Shortness of breath/Low SPO2 •BP - High/Normal •Tachycardia -diaphoresis

Question 30

What is Blood Vessel Dysfunction?

Answer 30

-vessels must be intact -loss of tone -excessive permeability -hypertension

Question 31

What is the Radial Artery?

Answer 31

The lower arm artery, pulse on the side of the wrist.

Question 32

What do Red Blood cells do?

Answer 32

Carry Oxygen to, Co2 away from the cells

Question 33

What is Systolic Blood Pressure?

Answer 33

Pressure when left ventricle contracts and forced blood out into circulation.

Question 34

What does a Valve do?

Answer 34

Opens and closes to permit the flow of fluids.

Question 35

What are the signs and symptoms of Pericardial Tamponade?

Answer 35

-JVD -Trachea midline -impaired ventricle lining -low cardiac output, high pressure -reflex tachycardia -low bp -narrow pulse -normal breath sounds

Question 36

What is a Myocardial Infarction?

Answer 36

Heart attack - block in artery, creates lack of 02, killing tissue.

Question 37

What are the signs and symptoms of a heart attack?

Answer 37

-chest pain (sudden gradual onset, substernal area, radiates, present always. -shortness of breath -tachycardia/ bradycardia/ normal -Bp- normal, high, low -Diaphoresis -anxious

Question 38

What are the signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure? (left side)

Answer 38

•tired heart •more prone to heart attack, high bp, unhealthy life. •decreased, backed up blood flow Left Side - -difficulty with night breathing (sleep apnea- jolting them awake) -elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure -restlessness -confusion -orthopnea (troubles breathing standing/sitting) -tachycardia -exercential dyspnea (easily out of breath) -fatigue -cyanosis -tachypnea

Question 39

What are the signs and symptoms of pulmonary congestion?

Answer 39

-cough -crackles -wheezes -bloody sputum

Question 40

What are the signs and symptoms of right sided heart congestive disease?

Answer 40

-fatigue -elevated peripheral venous pressure -ascites (collection of fluid in the abdomen) -enlarged liver or spleen -established chronic pulmonary problems -jugular vein distension -anorexia -complaints of GI discomfort -weight gain -dependent edema (legs feet arms)