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Musculo Skeletal Flashcards

1
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

•Pectoral Girdle
- Clavicle, Scapula

•Upper Extremities
- Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpals, Metacarpals, Philanges

•Pelvic Girdle
- Illium, Pubis, Ischium

•Lower Extremities
-Femur, Patella, Tibia, Fibula, Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges

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2
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

-Cranium
- Face
- Cervical Vertebrae
- Sternum
- Thoracic Vertebrae
- Ribs
- Lumbar Vertebrae
- Sacrum
- Coccyx

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3
Q

Columns and Vertebrae’s

A

•Cervical
C1-C3 ~ Neck Muscles
C4 ~ Diaphragm
C5 ~ Shoulder
C6 ~ Wrist
C7 ~ Triceps
C7-8 ~ Fingers

•Thoracic
T1 ~ Hand
T2-T12 ~ Trunk
T7-L1 ~ Abdominal
T11-L2 ~ Ejaculation

•Lumbar
L2 ~ Hips
L3 ~ Quadriceps
L4-L5 ~ Hamstrings/Knee
L4-S1 ~ Foot

•Sacral
S2 ~ Penile Erection
S2-S3 ~ Bowel and Bladder

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4
Q

What are the 4 P’s of Musculoskeletal?

A
  1. Paresthesia- Pins/Needles
  2. Pulses - Diminished/Absent
  3. Paralysis - Inability to move
  4. Pressure
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5
Q

Musculoskeletal Injury Assessment

A

-Pain/Tenderness
-Deformity/Angulation
-Grating/Crepitous
-Swelling
-Bruising
-Exposed Bone
-Locked Joint
-Nerve + Blood Vessels Compromise

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6
Q

Realignment of Deformed Extremity, the process

A

-One EMR grabs distal extremity while EMR2 places one hand above and below the injury site
-EMR performs manual reactions to realign bone
-If there is resistance, just splint

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7
Q

Signs of an Unaligned Bone?

A

-splint will be inaffective
-compromised nerves, arteries, veins
-increased pain

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8
Q

What is the care for a Rib Fracture?

A
  1. Consider ALS
  2. Position of Comfort if no Cspine
  3. Oxygen
  4. Hold pillow to chest
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9
Q

What is the Care for a Hip Fracture?

A
  1. ALS
  2. Bind Legs together with padded boards between legs.
  3. Oxygen
  4. Transport.
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10
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a Hip Fracture?

A

-pain is localized
-sensitive to touch
-discolouration
-swelling
-unable to move limb while on back
-cannot stand
-rotation of foot
-injured limb shorter

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11
Q

What will you see in a shoulder girdle injury?

A

-pain in shoulder
-dropped shoulder
-severe blunt force trauma to back

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12
Q

Shoulder Girdle Injury Care

A
  1. Assess CSM - if impaired…
    •Immobilize and transport
    -use sling to immobilize
    -if evidence of dislocation…place pillow between arm and torso
    -do not attempt to straighten
    -Assess CSM
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13
Q

What will you see with a knee injury?

A

-pain and tenderness
-swelling
-deformity w obvious swelling

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14
Q

What are the steps of care for a bent knee injury?

A
  1. Assess CSM
  2. Immobilize knee
  3. Tie 2 padded bars splints
  4. use pillow to stabilize
  5. CSM
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15
Q

What are the two types of traction splints?

A

-Bipolar
-unipolar

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16
Q

What is a bipolar traction splint?

A

Splint that cradles leg between 2 metal boards.

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17
Q

What is a unipolar leg splint?

A

a splint used with one rod placed alongside leg.

18
Q

What is a vacuum splint?

A

A splint with air sucked out of it to tighten.

19
Q

What is the Care for Pelvis injuries?

A

-move patient as little as possible
-Determine CSM
-straighten lower limbs into a anatomical position.
-Stabilize lower limbs to reduce further injury (use cravats on upper thigh, above/below knee, and ankles)
-assume spinal injuries and immobilize.
-CSM
-care for shock
-transport and monitor.

20
Q

What are the Steps of Pelvic Stabilization? (sheets not pelvic binder)

A
  1. Prepare backboard, and lay a sheet where the hips will be laying.
  2. 2/3 man log roll patient onto back board.
  3. Tightly bring sheets around front of patient, without moving hips out of place. Tie to secure.
  4. Secure knots with clamps.
21
Q

Indications for forearm, wrist, hand splinting

A

•Forearm - deformity, tenderness
•Wrist - deformity, tenderness
•Hand - deformity, pain

22
Q

What is the Care for Elbow injuries (straight position)?

A
  1. CSM
  2. Use a Padded Board Splint, be sure to pad the armpit
  3. Curl fingers around the end of splint
  4. Secure with roll gauze above and below injury
  5. Pad in between the splint and the body (pillow)
  6. Secure with cravats across the body
  7. Reassess CSM
23
Q

What is the Care for a Bent Elbow Injury?

A
  1. Check CSM
  2. Use a sling, keep the elbow bent
  3. Secure sling with a swathe
  4. CSM
24
Q

How to Apply a Sling/Swathe?

A
  1. Fold cloth cravat into a triangle
  2. Position over chest, place folded arm over cravat
  3. Extend over injury, pull up and over injured side, bring bottom piece behind good shoulder.
  4. Draw up elbow and tie, ensure the knot is in a comfortable place and pad.
  5. Expose fingertips, check CSM
  6. Use cravat as swathe, tie around injury and chest, secure
  7. CSM
25
What is the Care for a Hip dislocation?
1. Assess CSM 2. Move onto long board - immobilization of limb 3. Secure patient with straps 4. Reassess CSM 5. Transport 6. Shock care 7. Continue CSM monitoring
26
What is important to consider with Hip Dislocation?
Anterior VS Posterior Anterior - lower limb rotated outwards, hip flexed Posterior - leg rotated inwards, hip flexed, knee bent, foot loose, lack of sensation
27
what are the signs and symptoms of a knee injury?
-pain and tenderness -swelling -deformity and obvious swelling
28
What are the proper steps for care of a bent injured knee?
1. Assess CSM 2. Immobilize knee 3. tie 2 padded board splints to knee 4. use a pillow to stabilize 5. CSM
29
What are the proper steps for care of a straight knee?
1. Assess CSM 2. Immobilize knee with 2 padded boards or a single board splint 3. pad any voids 4. CSM
30
What are the signs and symptoms of ankle or foot injury?
-pain -swelling -possible deformity
31
What is the Care for an ankle/ foot injury?
1. Assess CSM 2. stabilize limb 3. lift, do not manual traction 4. 3 cravats on the floor under the ankle, place pillow lengthwise on top of the cravats. 5. gently lower limb onto pillow 6. tie crafts, knot on the pillow, midway, or heel 7. tie to ankle or foot 8. tie loosely at the arch of the foot 9. elevate 10. care for shock 11. apply cold pack
32
What are the proper steps to use a traction splint?
1. Standard precautions, expose area 2. manually stabilize and manual traction 3. Assess CSM distal to injury 4. adjust splint to fit, place under leg 5. apply proximal strap 6.apply ankle hitch 7. mechanical traction 8. position and secure support straps 9. CSM 10. secure patient to long board immobilizing hip
33
Describe the proper steps to using a splint for long bone or joint injuries…
1. take appropriate precautions 2. manually stabilize injury site 3. assess CSM 4. realign if deformed, cyanotic or pulse less 5. measure splint 6. apply and secure 7. CSM
34
Describe the immobilization process (splinting)…
1. care for life threats first 2. expose injury site 3. assess distal CSM 4. align long bone to anatomic position 5. do not push protruding bones into place 6. immobilize injury site and adjacent joints 7. choose method of splinting 8. splint before moving 9. pad any voids.
35
What are the signs and symptoms of a Tibia/Fibula Injury?
-pain and tenderness -swelling -deformity
36
What is the care for a tibia /fibula injury, with a vac splint?
1. maintain manual traction, slide splint under limb 2. deflate the splint, assess CSM 3. frequently check that the splint is firm
37
What is the care for a tibia/fibula injury with an air splint?
1. Manual traction, slide splint on, ensure it is wrinkle free 2. inflate and check pressure 3. assess CSM
38
What is the care for a tibia/ fibula injury with a two/single splint method?
Immobilize using these splints
39
What are the signs and symptoms of a Pelvic injury?
•complaining of pain in pelvis, hip, groin, and back -obvious deformities are common •painful when pressure is applied •cannot life legs when supine •foot on injured side may turn outwards •pressure on bladder •bleeding from urethra, vagina, rectum
40
What will appear with a femoral shaft fracture?
1. intense pain 2. open fracture or obvious deformation 3. shortened limb
41
what is the care for a femoral shaft fracture?
Care - 1. control bleeding 2 treat for shock 3. CSM 4. traction splint and bind 5. csm

EMR (30 decks)

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