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EMR > Respiratory Emergencies > Flashcards

Respiratory Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

What is respiratory dysfunction?

A

-disruption of respiratory control
-disruption of pressure
-disruption of lung tissue

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2
Q

What is important to note when dealing with burns and smoke?

A

-always join thermal burns with side effects of irritants and heated chemicals

-note that these substances can burn the skin, eyes, airways, and cause respiratory and cardiac arrest.

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3
Q

What are the Signs and symptoms of and Injured airway due to smoke inhalation?

A

-difficulty breathing
-coughing
-breath smells smokey and chemically
-black residue in nose, mouth, throat
-residue in sputum
-nose hair singed

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4
Q

What are the steps of the Respiratory process?

A
  1. Air enters through nose/mouth where air is warmed and cleaned
  2. Air moved through pharynx and carried to trachea (this makes the sound of breathing), trachea splits into bronchus
  3. Air moves into lungs.
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5
Q

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Respiratory distress in Children?

A

-Altered Mental Status
-Flared Nostrils
-Pale/bluish lips and mouth
-strider and grunting
-breathing rate greater than 60 breaths per min
-retraction of muscles
-decreased muscle tone
-poor peripheral perfusion
-belly breathing
-tripod positioning

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6
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of emphysema?

A

-non productive cough
-rosy skin
-dry cough
-barrel chest
-50+
-loss surface area in alveoli

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7
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Bronchitis?

A

-productive cough
-cyanotic
-wheezing in chest
-lots of sputum
-overweight
-50+
-plenty of mucus

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8
Q

What is bronchoconstrictuon?

A

construction or blockage of the bronchi that lead from the trachea to the lungs.

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9
Q

What is continuous positive airway pressure?

A

a form of non invasive positive pressure ventilation consisting of a mask and a means of blowing oxygen or air into the mask to prevent airway collapse or to alleviate difficult breathing?

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10
Q

What is the oropharynx?

A

the area directly behind the mouth

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11
Q

What is the pharynx?

A

area being the mouth and nose

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12
Q

What is the trachea?

A

the windpipe, connects the pharynx to the lungs.

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13
Q

What is the diaphragm?

A

a muscular structure, divides the chest cavity from the abdomen. the major muscle in respiration.

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14
Q

What is the epiglottis?

A

Leaf shaped tissue, prevents food from getting into the trachea

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15
Q

What is exhalation?

A

rib muscles and diaphragm relax, causing chest cavity to decrease in size. air flows out of lungs.

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16
Q

What is the care for a patient with COPD?

A
  1. Oxygen
  2. PPV if necessary
  3. Transport
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17
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Respiratory distress?

A
  • increased breathing
  • colour change - blue/gray/pale
  • grunting
  • nasal flaring
  • muscle retractions
  • sweating
    -wheezing
  • tripod position
18
Q

What is Respiratory compensation?

A

-when respiratory system is affected by a challenge, the body must compensate.

19
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a patient in respiratory compensation?

A

-increased respiratory rate
-increased heart rate
- compensation of what needs to be done

20
Q

What is COPD?

A

Emphysema and Bronchitis

Bronchitis - bronchiole lining becomes inflamed, excess mucus is formed. Cilia has been damaged or destroyed. Mucus plugs create inflammation.

Emphysema - Walls of alveoli break down, reducing space for respiratory exchange, lung looses elasticity. Traps stale air in the lungs.

21
Q

What is Ventilation?

A

moving gases between inhaled air and the pulmonary circulation of blood.

22
Q

What is inhalation?

A

ribs muscles and diaphragm contact, expanding the chest cavity. Causing airflow through lungs.

23
Q

What is the Larynx?

A

the voice box.

24
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Hyperventilation?

A

-tingling/numbness
-rapid, deep, respirations
-rapid,strong pulse
-anxious
-dizzy
-claw spasms
-chest pain
-pink and moist skin

25
Q

What is the Care for hyperventilation?

A
  1. Calm your patient
    -breathing, visualization exercises
    -reassurance
26
Q

What is the hyperventilation cycle?

A
  1. stress
    2.hyperventilation
  2. feeling unwell
  3. anxiety
  4. more hyperventilation
  5. increase in symptoms
  6. repeat
27
Q

What is a pulmonary edema?

A

Fluid in the lungs

28
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a pulmonary edema?

A

-shortness of breath
-chest pain, no radiating
-cough
-frothy sputum
-peripheral edema
- shocky

29
Q

What are the causes of a pulmonary edema?

A

-heart failure
-acute respiratory distress
-adverse drug reaction or drug overdose
-blood clot in lung
-exposure to certain toxins
-high altitudes
-near drowning
-smoke inhalation
-viral infections.

30
Q

What are the alveoli?

A

sacs of the lungs where gas exchange takes place.

31
Q

What is the cricoid cartilage?

A

ring shaped structure, lower part of the larynx

32
Q

What is pneumonia?

A

fluid and pus in alveoli

33
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of pneumonia?

A

-cough
-fever
-shaking and chills
-shortness of breath
-confusion
-sweaty and clammy skin
-headache
-loss of appetite
-fatigue
-malaise
-chest pain
-white mail syndrome

34
Q

What is the treatment for pneumonia?

A

-position of comfort
-Tylenol for fever
-oxygen
-transport

35
Q

What happens during an asthma attack?

A

-muscle lining tightness
-bronchial tubes swell
-excess mucus gets trapped
-wheezing

36
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of asthma?

A

-shortness of breath
- cough
-wheezing
-weakness
-night cough
-headache
-tachycardia
-allergy induced

37
Q

What is the treatment for an asthma attack?

A

1.salbutamol
2.oxygen
3.position of comfort

38
Q

What is epiglotitis?

A

-swelling of the epiglottis
-blocks trachea from opening
-bacterial infection

39
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Epiglotitis?

A

DO NOT LOOK DOWN THROAT

-sudden sore throat
-fever
-shortness of breath
-difficulty swallowing
-drooling
-strider
-muddled voice
-preference to sit up

40
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Airway Burns?

A

-Singed nasal hairs
-facial burns
-burnt flecks in sputum
-sooty or smokey smell on breath
-respiratory distress

EMR (30 decks)

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