Human Body Flashcards
What are the 5 divisions of the spine, and their locations?
- Cervical - neck
- Thoracic - thorax, ribs, upper back
- Lumbar - lower back
- Sacral - back wall pelvis
- Coccyx - tail bone
How many bones are in each spinal division?
Cervical - 7
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacral - 5
Coccyx - 4
What is the integumentary system?
our skin
- water balance
- temperature control
- excretion
- shock/ impact absorption
What are the layers of skin?
epidermis - outer
dermis - inner layer, rich in nerves, blood vessels
subcutaneous layers- layers of fat and tissue
what are the solid organs?
- spleen
- liver
- pancreas
- kidneys
What are the hollow organs?
- stomach
- gallbladder
- duodenum
-large intestine - small intestine
- bladder
What organs are in the right upper quadrant?
right kidney
gallbladder
colon
pancreas
what organs are in the right lower quadrant?
appendix
colon
small intestine
ureter
major vein and artery to leg
what organs are in the left upper quadrant?
left kidney
stomach
spleen
colon
pancreas
what organs are in the left lower quadrant?
colon
small intestine
ureter
major vein and artery to left leg
What is the Anatomy of the Thoracic Cavity?
-spans from collarbone to diaphragm
-inhale ~ diaphragm contracts and flatten
-exhale ~ diaphragm relaxes and moves upwards
-cavity is packed with organs, major blood vessels, and lung tissue. ~ heart, aorta, vena cava, lungs, diaphragm, 12 ribs, sternum, thoracic, spine
- diaphragm is shaped like an umbrella
What organs are a part of the endocrine system?
Hypothalamus
pineal gland
pituitary gland
parathyroid gland
thyroid gland
heart
kidney
thymus
adipose tissue
digestive track
pancreatic islets
adrenal glands (medulla and cortex)
gonads (ovary and testes
what are the organs in the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems?
eyes
salivary and parotid glands
blood vessel
sweat glands
lungs
heart
liver
gall bladder
pancreas
stomach
intestines
rectum
kidneys
bladder
vagina
penis
what is the midclavicular terms?
line through middle of each clavicle
what is the midline?
line down centre of the body - right half left half
what does proximal mean?
closer to the torso
what does superior mean?
towards the head
what does inferior mean?
away from the head, compared with a structure closer to the head
what does lateral mean?
to the side, away from the midline
what does medial mean?
towards the midline of the body
what is the mid auxiliary line?
vertical line from middle of the armpit to the ankle
What are the layers (meninges) of the brain?
- bone
- epidural space
- dura mater
- subdural space
- arachnoid
- subarachnoid space
- pia mater
- intracerebral
how much of the body is water?
60%
what percentage of a cell is water?
70%
What does unilateral mean?
limited to one side of the body
what does ventral/anterior mean?
the front
What does bilateral mean?
both sides
what does distal mean?
farther away from the torso
what does dorsal/posterior mean?
back of the body/ hand/ foot
what position is supine?
laying on back
what is anatomic positioning?
person standing, facing forwards, with palms forwards
what is fowler position?
a sitting position
what is prone position?
laying on stomach face down
what is recovery position?
laying on sode
what does the dorsalis pedis artery do?
supply the feet with blood
what is the femoral artery
artery that supply’s legs with blood
what is hypoperfusion?
the body’s inability to properly supply cells with blood to grant them oxygen and nutrients
what is perfusion?
the body’s ability to supply the cells and tissues with oxygen, and remove of waste in the body
What do the pulmonary arteries do?
carry deoxygenated blood from lungs to the right ventricle
what do the pulmonary veins do?
carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
What organs are a part of the nervous system?
brain
spinal cord
nerves
What does our parasympathetic nervous system control?
•feed/breed - digestion and reproduction
-slows our heart rate and blood pressure when resting
what does our sympathetic nervous system do?
•fight or flight - epinephrine and norepinephrine
-brachial tubes dialite- gas exchange
-makes heart pump faster and harder
what do the carotid arteries do?
carries blood from the heart to the head
what are the 2 central pulses
carotid and femoral
what do the coronary arteries do?
supply the heart with blood
what is the diastolic blood pressure?
pressure in the arteries when left ventricle is refilling
what is automaticity?
the hearts ability to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own
what is our autonomic nervous system?
division of peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary motor function
what blood pressure do we measure?
arterial blood pressure
what are our blood structures?
plasma
red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets
what is our blood function?
transport oxygen
protect against pathogens
promote clotting
temperature control
where is the brachial artery?
upper arm
what is a capillary?
thin walled, blood vessel. exchanges oxygen, nutrients, waste, and co2 with body cells
what is the cardiac conduction system?
specialized muscle tissues that conducts electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat.
what is cardiac muscle?
involuntary muscle found in the heart only
what is the function of our nervous system?
sensory information processing
coordinate body response
what is a vein
any vessel running to the heart
what is the purpose of our venae cavae?
run blood from body to the right atrium
what is the order that blood flows through the body?
- body
- inferior/superior vena cava
- right atrium
- tricuspid valve
- right ventricle
- pulmonary artery
- lungs
- pulmonary veins
- left atrium
- mitral/bicuspid valves
- left ventricle
- aortic valve
- aorta
- body
what do white blood cells do?
fight infection
What is the aorta?
largest artery
carrie’s blood from left ventricle to begin systemic circulation
what does an artery do?
carry blood away from heart
what pulses are peripheral?
radial
brachial
tibial
dorsalis pedis
what does our posterior tibial artery do?
supplies foot with blood
what does our central nervous system do?
controls all basic body functions, responding to external changes
what does our peripheral nervous system do?
provides complete network of motor and sensory nerve fibres, which connect the system to the body
what is the cranium?
bony structure, forehead, top, back, and upper skull
what are temporal bones?
bones forming sides of skull and floor of cranial cavity
what is the mandible?
the lower jawbone
what is the temporomandibular joint?
loveable joint between the mandible and temporal bone
what is the maxillae?
2 fused bones forming the upper jaw
what are the nasal bones?
bone that form the upper third or bridge of the noise
what is our molar bone?
the cheekbone
what are orbits?
eye sockets
what are bones?
hard, felixible, living structures.
provide support for body and organs
What are joints?
where bones meet
what is the appendicular skeleton?
our extremities
what is our axial skeleton?
skull, spine, ribs, sternum
what are the 3 functions or the musculoskeletal system?
give body shape
protect internal organs
body movement
what do ligaments do?
connect bone to bone
what do tendons do?
connect muscle to bone
what is placenta?
organ of pregnancy
exchanges oxygen, nutrients, waste between mother and fetus
what is the umbilical cord?
fetal structure containing the blood vessels that carry blood to and from placenta
