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Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 divisions of the spine, and their locations?

A
  1. Cervical - neck
  2. Thoracic - thorax, ribs, upper back
  3. Lumbar - lower back
  4. Sacral - back wall pelvis
  5. Coccyx - tail bone
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2
Q

How many bones are in each spinal division?

A

Cervical - 7
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacral - 5
Coccyx - 4

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3
Q

What is the integumentary system?

A

our skin
- water balance
- temperature control
- excretion
- shock/ impact absorption

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4
Q

What are the layers of skin?

A

epidermis - outer
dermis - inner layer, rich in nerves, blood vessels
subcutaneous layers- layers of fat and tissue

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5
Q

what are the solid organs?

A
  • spleen
  • liver
  • pancreas
  • kidneys
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6
Q

What are the hollow organs?

A
  • stomach
  • gallbladder
  • duodenum
    -large intestine
  • small intestine
  • bladder
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7
Q

What organs are in the right upper quadrant?

A

right kidney
gallbladder
colon
pancreas

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8
Q

what organs are in the right lower quadrant?

A

appendix
colon
small intestine
ureter
major vein and artery to leg

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9
Q

what organs are in the left upper quadrant?

A

left kidney
stomach
spleen
colon
pancreas

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10
Q

what organs are in the left lower quadrant?

A

colon
small intestine
ureter
major vein and artery to left leg

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11
Q

What is the Anatomy of the Thoracic Cavity?

A

-spans from collarbone to diaphragm

-inhale ~ diaphragm contracts and flatten
-exhale ~ diaphragm relaxes and moves upwards

-cavity is packed with organs, major blood vessels, and lung tissue. ~ heart, aorta, vena cava, lungs, diaphragm, 12 ribs, sternum, thoracic, spine

  • diaphragm is shaped like an umbrella
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12
Q

What organs are a part of the endocrine system?

A

Hypothalamus
pineal gland
pituitary gland
parathyroid gland
thyroid gland
heart
kidney
thymus
adipose tissue
digestive track
pancreatic islets
adrenal glands (medulla and cortex)
gonads (ovary and testes

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13
Q

what are the organs in the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems?

A

eyes
salivary and parotid glands
blood vessel
sweat glands
lungs
heart
liver
gall bladder
pancreas
stomach
intestines
rectum
kidneys
bladder
vagina
penis

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14
Q

what is the midclavicular terms?

A

line through middle of each clavicle

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15
Q

what is the midline?

A

line down centre of the body - right half left half

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16
Q

what does proximal mean?

A

closer to the torso

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17
Q

what does superior mean?

A

towards the head

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18
Q

what does inferior mean?

A

away from the head, compared with a structure closer to the head

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19
Q

what does lateral mean?

A

to the side, away from the midline

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20
Q

what does medial mean?

A

towards the midline of the body

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21
Q

what is the mid auxiliary line?

A

vertical line from middle of the armpit to the ankle

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22
Q

What are the layers (meninges) of the brain?

A
  1. bone
  2. epidural space
  3. dura mater
  4. subdural space
  5. arachnoid
  6. subarachnoid space
  7. pia mater
  8. intracerebral
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23
Q

how much of the body is water?

A

60%

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24
Q

what percentage of a cell is water?

A

70%

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25
What does unilateral mean?
limited to one side of the body
26
what does ventral/anterior mean?
the front
27
What does bilateral mean?
both sides
28
what does distal mean?
farther away from the torso
29
what does dorsal/posterior mean?
back of the body/ hand/ foot
30
what position is supine?
laying on back
31
what is anatomic positioning?
person standing, facing forwards, with palms forwards
32
what is fowler position?
a sitting position
33
what is prone position?
laying on stomach face down
34
what is recovery position?
laying on sode
35
what does the dorsalis pedis artery do?
supply the feet with blood
36
what is the femoral artery
artery that supply’s legs with blood
37
what is hypoperfusion?
the body’s inability to properly supply cells with blood to grant them oxygen and nutrients
38
what is perfusion?
the body’s ability to supply the cells and tissues with oxygen, and remove of waste in the body
39
What do the pulmonary arteries do?
carry deoxygenated blood from lungs to the right ventricle
40
what do the pulmonary veins do?
carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
41
What organs are a part of the nervous system?
brain spinal cord nerves
42
What does our parasympathetic nervous system control?
•feed/breed - digestion and reproduction -slows our heart rate and blood pressure when resting
43
what does our sympathetic nervous system do?
•fight or flight - epinephrine and norepinephrine -brachial tubes dialite- gas exchange -makes heart pump faster and harder
44
what do the carotid arteries do?
carries blood from the heart to the head
45
what are the 2 central pulses
carotid and femoral
46
what do the coronary arteries do?
supply the heart with blood
47
what is the diastolic blood pressure?
pressure in the arteries when left ventricle is refilling
48
what is automaticity?
the hearts ability to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own
49
what is our autonomic nervous system?
division of peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary motor function
50
what blood pressure do we measure?
arterial blood pressure
51
what are our blood structures?
plasma red blood cells white blood cells platelets
52
what is our blood function?
transport oxygen protect against pathogens promote clotting temperature control
53
where is the brachial artery?
upper arm
54
what is a capillary?
thin walled, blood vessel. exchanges oxygen, nutrients, waste, and co2 with body cells
55
what is the cardiac conduction system?
specialized muscle tissues that conducts electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat.
56
what is cardiac muscle?
involuntary muscle found in the heart only
57
what is the function of our nervous system?
sensory information processing coordinate body response
58
what is a vein
any vessel running to the heart
59
what is the purpose of our venae cavae?
run blood from body to the right atrium
60
what is the order that blood flows through the body?
1. body 2. inferior/superior vena cava 3. right atrium 4. tricuspid valve 5. right ventricle 6. pulmonary artery 7. lungs 8. pulmonary veins 9. left atrium 10. mitral/bicuspid valves 11. left ventricle 12. aortic valve 13. aorta 14. body
61
what do white blood cells do?
fight infection
62
What is the aorta?
largest artery carrie’s blood from left ventricle to begin systemic circulation
63
what does an artery do?
carry blood away from heart
64
what pulses are peripheral?
radial brachial tibial dorsalis pedis
65
what does our posterior tibial artery do?
supplies foot with blood
66
what does our central nervous system do?
controls all basic body functions, responding to external changes
67
what does our peripheral nervous system do?
provides complete network of motor and sensory nerve fibres, which connect the system to the body
68
what is the cranium?
bony structure, forehead, top, back, and upper skull
69
what are temporal bones?
bones forming sides of skull and floor of cranial cavity
70
what is the mandible?
the lower jawbone
71
what is the temporomandibular joint?
loveable joint between the mandible and temporal bone
72
what is the maxillae?
2 fused bones forming the upper jaw
73
what are the nasal bones?
bone that form the upper third or bridge of the noise
74
what is our molar bone?
the cheekbone
75
what are orbits?
eye sockets
76
what are bones?
hard, felixible, living structures. provide support for body and organs
77
What are joints?
where bones meet
78
what is the appendicular skeleton?
our extremities
79
what is our axial skeleton?
skull, spine, ribs, sternum
80
what are the 3 functions or the musculoskeletal system?
give body shape protect internal organs body movement
81
what do ligaments do?
connect bone to bone
82
what do tendons do?
connect muscle to bone
83
what is placenta?
organ of pregnancy exchanges oxygen, nutrients, waste between mother and fetus
84
what is the umbilical cord?
fetal structure containing the blood vessels that carry blood to and from placenta

EMR (30 decks)

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