Soft Tissue

Question 1

What does a Ganglion Cyst result from?

Answer 1

Cystic or Myxoid Degeneration

Question 2

Where do Ganglion cysts present?

Answer 2

Wrist

Question 3

How do Ganglion cysts look?

Answer 3

Firm, fluctuant and TRANSLUCENT

Question 4

A translucent nodule at the wrist is likely a?

Answer 4

Ganglion cyst

Question 5

Synovial cyst

Answer 5

Herniation of synovium through the joint capsule

Question 6

What is a type of Synovial cyst that is seen with RA?

Answer 6

Baker cyst in popliteal space

– herniation of synovium through joint capsule

Question 7

Localized Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumors affect where?

Answer 7

Tendon sheaths of wrists/fingers

Question 8

Diffuse Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumors affect where and have what symptom?

Answer 8

Knee

= PAIN

Question 9

With Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumors, what do the tumor cells overexpress?

Answer 9

M-CSF

Question 10

Most common soft tissue tumor?

Answer 10

Lipoma = benign adipose tissue tumor

Question 11

A lipoma is a benign tumor of adipose tissue. It is SOFT and how does it look on histo?

Answer 11

Encapsulated mass of normal adipose tissue

Question 12

Where do Malignant Liposarcomas often present?

Answer 12

Deep soft tissue
Proximal extremities
Retroperitoneum

Question 13

What are the 3 variants of Malignant Liposarcomas?

Answer 13

Well differentiated
Myxoid - basophilic ECM
Pleomorphic - lipoblasts

Question 14

What is a Malignant Skeletal Muscle Tumor?

Answer 14

Rhabomyosarcoma

Question 15

What are the 2 types of Rhabdomyosarcomas that present in KIDS?

Answer 15

Alveolar

Embryonal

Question 16

Rhabdomyosarcomas often affect what locations in KIDS?

Answer 16

Sinuses
Head/neck
GU tract

Question 17

Alveolar type Rhabdomyosarcoma has what mutations?

Answer 17

FOXO1 fused to either PAX3 or PAX7

Question 18

What are the 2 features of Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcomas?

Answer 18

• Rhabdomyoblasts

- Sarcoma Botryoides in Cambium layer

Question 19

Rhabdomyoblasts with cross striations is likely seen in what type of Rhabdomyosarcoma?

Answer 19

Embryonal

Question 20

Sarcoma Botryoides in the cambium layer of hollow mucosal lined structures looks like what and is seen with what type of Rhabdomyosarcoma?

Answer 20

= Grape like mass

– Embryonal type

Question 21

What is the most favorable type of Malignant Skeletal Muscle Tumor?

Answer 21

Embryonal (sarcoma botryoides) Rhabdomyosarcoma

Question 22

Pleomorphic and Spindle cell Rhabdomyosarcomas affect ____ and which one involves Myogen/Desmin and is fatal?

Answer 22

Adults

– Pleomorphic = fatal

Question 23

Benign smooth muscle tumor usually in the uterus

Answer 23

Leiomyoma (aka fibroid)

Question 24

Leiomyosarcomas are malignant smooth muscle tumors often seen where?

Answer 24

Retroperitoneum

Question 25

What smooth muscle proteins can help with the diagnosis of Leiomyosarcoma?

Answer 25

Actin
Desmin
Caldesmon

Question 26

What is a fatal outcome that can occur with Leiomyosarcomas?

Answer 26

Invades lungs from the retroperitoneum

Question 27

Is a Synovial Sarcoma associated with the Synovium?

Answer 27

NO

Question 28

What is (+) with Synovial Sarcoma?

Answer 28

(+) keratins and epithelial markers

Question 29

Monophasic Synovial Sarcoma

Answer 29

Spindle cells

Question 30

Biphasic Synovial Sarcomas

Answer 30

Spindle cells + glands