Soft Tissue Flashcards
What does a Ganglion Cyst result from?
Cystic or Myxoid Degeneration
Where do Ganglion cysts present?
Wrist
How do Ganglion cysts look?
Firm, fluctuant and TRANSLUCENT
A translucent nodule at the wrist is likely a?
Ganglion cyst
Synovial cyst
Herniation of synovium through the joint capsule
What is a type of Synovial cyst that is seen with RA?
Baker cyst in popliteal space
– herniation of synovium through joint capsule
Localized Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumors affect where?
Tendon sheaths of wrists/fingers
Diffuse Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumors affect where and have what symptom?
Knee
= PAIN
With Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumors, what do the tumor cells overexpress?
M-CSF
Most common soft tissue tumor?
Lipoma = benign adipose tissue tumor
A lipoma is a benign tumor of adipose tissue. It is SOFT and how does it look on histo?
Encapsulated mass of normal adipose tissue
Where do Malignant Liposarcomas often present?
Deep soft tissue
Proximal extremities
Retroperitoneum
What are the 3 variants of Malignant Liposarcomas?
Well differentiated
Myxoid - basophilic ECM
Pleomorphic - lipoblasts
What is a Malignant Skeletal Muscle Tumor?
Rhabomyosarcoma
What are the 2 types of Rhabdomyosarcomas that present in KIDS?
Alveolar
Embryonal
Rhabdomyosarcomas often affect what locations in KIDS?
Sinuses
Head/neck
GU tract
Alveolar type Rhabdomyosarcoma has what mutations?
FOXO1 fused to either PAX3 or PAX7
What are the 2 features of Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcomas?
- Rhabdomyoblasts
- Sarcoma Botryoides in Cambium layer
Rhabdomyoblasts with cross striations is likely seen in what type of Rhabdomyosarcoma?
Embryonal
Sarcoma Botryoides in the cambium layer of hollow mucosal lined structures looks like what and is seen with what type of Rhabdomyosarcoma?
= Grape like mass
– Embryonal type
What is the most favorable type of Malignant Skeletal Muscle Tumor?
Embryonal (sarcoma botryoides) Rhabdomyosarcoma
Pleomorphic and Spindle cell Rhabdomyosarcomas affect ____ and which one involves Myogen/Desmin and is fatal?
Adults
– Pleomorphic = fatal
Benign smooth muscle tumor usually in the uterus
Leiomyoma (aka fibroid)
Leiomyosarcomas are malignant smooth muscle tumors often seen where?
Retroperitoneum
What smooth muscle proteins can help with the diagnosis of Leiomyosarcoma?
Actin
Desmin
Caldesmon
What is a fatal outcome that can occur with Leiomyosarcomas?
Invades lungs from the retroperitoneum
Is a Synovial Sarcoma associated with the Synovium?
NO
What is (+) with Synovial Sarcoma?
(+) keratins and epithelial markers
Monophasic Synovial Sarcoma
Spindle cells
Biphasic Synovial Sarcomas
Spindle cells + glands
