Cartilage-Forming Tumors

Question 1

Cartilage-forming tumors usually form what 2 options of cartilage?

Answer 1

Hyaline or Myxoid cartilage

Question 2

What is another name for an Osteochondroma?

Answer 2

Exostosis

Question 3

What is the most common benign bone tumor?

Answer 3

Osteochondroma

Question 4

When and in who do Osteochondromas usually present?

Answer 4

Young men in early adulthood

Question 5

What is an Autosomal Dominant form of Osteochrondromas?

Answer 5

Multiple Hereditary Exostosis

Question 6

What mutations may be present with Multiple Hereditary Exostosis and how is it inherited?

Answer 6

EXT1/2

– Autosomal Dominant inheritance

Question 7

What will present with Multiple Hereditary Exostosis and what may it progress to that is rare?

Answer 7

Osteochondromas

–> progress to Chondrosarcoma

Question 8

How do Osteochondromas attach to the bone?

Answer 8

Attached by a bony stalk that is capped with cartilage

Question 9

Which tumor is attached to the bone by a bony stalk that is capped with cartilage?

Answer 9

Osteochondromas

Question 10

What is unique about the attachment of Osteochondromas to bone?

Answer 10

The Osteochondroma medullary cavity is CONTINUOUS with the bone of origin

Question 11

What is unique about the attachment of Osteochondromas to bone?

Answer 11

The Osteochondroma medullary cavity is CONTINUOUS with the bone of origin

Question 12

On what types of bones do Osteochondromas occur and why?

Answer 12

Long bones that undergo endochondral ossification

Question 13

Where on long bones do Osteochondromas occur?

Answer 13

Metaphysis near growth plate

Question 14

Chondromas occur ___

Answer 14

On the surface

Question 15

Enchondromas occur ____

Answer 15

Within the medullary cavity

Question 16

Chondromas/Enchondromas usually occur where?

Answer 16

Hands/feet

Question 17

How do Chondromas/Enchondromas look?

Answer 17

Circumscribed lucency with central irregular calcifications/nodules of cartilage and with a sclerotic rim

Question 18

Circumscribed lucency with central irregular calcifications/nodules of cartilage and a sclerotic rim

Answer 18

Chondroma/Enchondroma

Question 19

What are 2 syndromes that are NOT hereditary that involve Enchondromas?

Answer 19

Ollier syndrome

Maffucci Syndrome

Question 20

Ollier Syndrome

Answer 20

Multiple Enchondromas

Question 21

Maffucci Syndrome

Answer 21

Multiple Enchondromas + Hemangiomas

Question 22

Patients with Maffucci Syndrome have an increased risk of what malignancy?

Answer 22

Chondrosarcoma

Question 23

What is the second most common primary malignant bone tumor?

Answer 23

Chondrosarcoma

Question 24

What aged patients are usually affected with Chondrosarcomas?

Answer 24

Older males – > 40

Question 25

What locations are commonly affected by Chondrosarcomas?

Answer 25

Axial skeleton = shoulders, ribs, pelvis

Question 26

A painful enlarging mass presents at the shoulders or ribs or pelvis

Answer 26

Chondrosarcoma

Question 27

Chondrosarcomas often spread how and to where?

Answer 27

Hematogenously to the LUNGS

Question 28

Chondrosarcomas involve a calcified matrix that appears as?

Answer 28

Foci of flocculent densities

Question 29

Chondrosarcomas involve a calcified matrix that appears as?

Answer 29

Foci of flocculent densities

Question 30

What are 4 types of Chondrosarcomas?

Answer 30

• Conventional
• Dedifferentiated – no cartilage
• Clear cell
• Mesenchymal – small round cells