Cartilage-Forming Tumors Flashcards
Cartilage-forming tumors usually form what 2 options of cartilage?
Hyaline or Myxoid cartilage
What is another name for an Osteochondroma?
Exostosis
What is the most common benign bone tumor?
Osteochondroma
When and in who do Osteochondromas usually present?
Young men in early adulthood
What is an Autosomal Dominant form of Osteochrondromas?
Multiple Hereditary Exostosis
What mutations may be present with Multiple Hereditary Exostosis and how is it inherited?
EXT1/2
– Autosomal Dominant inheritance
What will present with Multiple Hereditary Exostosis and what may it progress to that is rare?
Osteochondromas
–> progress to Chondrosarcoma
How do Osteochondromas attach to the bone?
Attached by a bony stalk that is capped with cartilage
Which tumor is attached to the bone by a bony stalk that is capped with cartilage?
Osteochondromas
What is unique about the attachment of Osteochondromas to bone?
The Osteochondroma medullary cavity is CONTINUOUS with the bone of origin
What is unique about the attachment of Osteochondromas to bone?
The Osteochondroma medullary cavity is CONTINUOUS with the bone of origin
On what types of bones do Osteochondromas occur and why?
Long bones that undergo endochondral ossification
Where on long bones do Osteochondromas occur?
Metaphysis near growth plate
Chondromas occur ___
On the surface
Enchondromas occur ____
Within the medullary cavity
Chondromas/Enchondromas usually occur where?
Hands/feet
How do Chondromas/Enchondromas look?
Circumscribed lucency with central irregular calcifications/nodules of cartilage and with a sclerotic rim
Circumscribed lucency with central irregular calcifications/nodules of cartilage and a sclerotic rim
Chondroma/Enchondroma
What are 2 syndromes that are NOT hereditary that involve Enchondromas?
Ollier syndrome
Maffucci Syndrome
Ollier Syndrome
Multiple Enchondromas
Maffucci Syndrome
Multiple Enchondromas + Hemangiomas
Patients with Maffucci Syndrome have an increased risk of what malignancy?
Chondrosarcoma
What is the second most common primary malignant bone tumor?
Chondrosarcoma
What aged patients are usually affected with Chondrosarcomas?
Older males – > 40
What locations are commonly affected by Chondrosarcomas?
Axial skeleton = shoulders, ribs, pelvis
A painful enlarging mass presents at the shoulders or ribs or pelvis
Chondrosarcoma
Chondrosarcomas often spread how and to where?
Hematogenously to the LUNGS
Chondrosarcomas involve a calcified matrix that appears as?
Foci of flocculent densities
Chondrosarcomas involve a calcified matrix that appears as?
Foci of flocculent densities
What are 4 types of Chondrosarcomas?
- Conventional
- Dedifferentiated – no cartilage
- Clear cell
- Mesenchymal – small round cells
