sociology chapter 8&9 vocabulary Flashcards
Ethnic group
Is a category of of people who as a result of their shared cultural heritage, are regarded as being socially distinct
Race
Is a category of people who are regarded a socially distinct because they share genetically transmitted physical characteristics
Genocide
Is the extermination of entire populations
Minority group
Refers to people whose physical appearance or cultural practices are unlike those of the dominant group, making them susceptible to different and unequal treatment
Prejudice
Is an irrational, inflexible attitude toward an entire category of people (attitude)
Discrimination
Is unequal treatment to people on the grounds of their group membership (action)
Individual Discrimination
Is the negative treatment of one person by another
Institution Discrimination
Refers to unequal treatment on the grounds of group membership, that is entrenched in social customs
Theory
Is a statement that organizes a set o concepts in a meaningful way, by explaining the relationships among them
Relative Deprivation
Is a lack of resources or rewards in ones standard of living, in comparison with those of others in the society
Absolute Deprivation
Is the inability to afford minimal standards of food, clothing, shelter, and health care
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
Is a prediction that’s leads to behavior that makes the prediction come true
Genocide
The dominant group tires to destroy the minority
Popular transfer
Te dominant group expels the minority
Internal Colonialism
The dominant group exploits the minority
Segregation
The dominant group structures the social institutions to maintain minimal contact with the minority
Assimilation
The dominant group absorbs the minority
Multiculturalism
The dominant group encourages racial and ethnic variation; when finally successful, there is no longer a dominant group
Power elite
Those who make the big decisions in the US
-they are behind government decisions
Power elite
They also include foreign and domestic policy
Power
The ability to get your own own way in spite of opposition
Power
This usually lies in the hands of the hands of the wealthy
It’s unequally shared in the u.s.
Social class
A form of social structure: a large group of people who rank closely to one another in terms of property, power, and prestige
Social stratification
Structures inequality among entire social rewards who have different access to social rewards as a result of their status of hierarchy
Assets & Income
The two components of wealthy
Property
Assets
Income
Earnings, salaries, and wages
Prestige
Status
Prestige
Only shopping at expensive stores
Status inconcity
Poor but high class, rich but low class
Karl Marx
This man though about status inconsisty
Stress
Death/mortality rates are high in lower class
Mental health
This is in lower classes
Mental health
This is higher classes have more ways to cope with those issues
Social mobility
Refers to the movement of individual from one social class to another—open system
Vertical mobility
Change in an individuals status as he/she moves up or down
Vertical mobility
Promotion; meat dep. to manager
Promotion; sent back to minor league from upper league
Horizontal
Where a person stays on the same level (social plane) but changes status
Intergeneration mobility
Same social mobility which takes place between generations- requires 2 gens
Intragenerational mobility
Takes place with the same generation
Intergenerational mobility
Taxi driver daughter becomes physician
Intragenerational mobility
5 brothers get jobs at car factory, 5th one becomes a professor
Exchange mobility
Openings are created at the top by downward mobility
Exchange mobility
Million working class people are trained then promoted to higher level; but at the same time raw material sellers don’t want to sell; so another one million will have to go down
Poverty
Every year government computes a dollar amount called the poverty line
Factors that make likely good to be poor
Southern states in U.S have higher poverty rates
Also depends on ethnicity
Ethnocentrism
.
Pluralistic Society
Has fm different races & ethnicity
Ethnic work
Try to keep their culture alive
Pluralistic society
Has dominant groups, and dominant minority groups
Dominant groups
Control economic resource
Dominant minority groups
Has reduced access to the resources
Racism
People believing that one race is superior to another (ethnocentrism)
Frustration theory of prejudice
.
Frustration theory of prejudice
Frustrated because of deprivation
Scapegoat theory
Believes that society is the reason for their failure
Authoritarian personality theory
By IW Adorno
Relationship between harsh early childhood experiences
The symbolic Interactionism of race
Self fulfilling prophecy
Assimilation
Dominant + minority= blend
Example of multiculturalism
San Francisco- China town
Jan 1, 1763
Proclamation emancipation
1867-1877
Reconstruction period
1870
15 amendment
Cultural nation
Refers to the movements/ organizations which encourages a taught the customs characteristics of black people in a positive light
What are the three types of sexism?
Cultural, individual, and institutional
What is cultural sexism?
Culture itself
What is individual sexism?
The way we view, react
What is institutional sexism?
In employment and religion
What are factors of life expectancy?
Medical care, adequate solitaion, environmental pollution, warfare, an availability if handguns
Phases of life cycle
Infancy, childhood, adolescence, young adulthood, middle age and old age
What are different aspects of aging?
It is multice biological
White collar crime
Edwin Sutherland’s term for crimes committed by people of respectable and high social status in the course of their occupations; false advertising, price fixing, briber of public officials
