civics final exam Flashcards
Characteristics of a social contract theory
Consent to be governed, limited government, individual
4 characteristics of a state (nation)
territory, population, sovereignty, government
How to clos sigh government
who can participate?
where is the power?
how do the beaches work together?
Difference between direct and indirect democracy
Direct: representative is public
Indirect: representative
4 dictatorships
- Autocracy: one person
- Oligarchy: one group of people
- Authoritarian: tells/ makes discussions
- Totalitarian: makes all decisions
Unitary government
National government controls
Federal government
Power is divided between state and national government
Confederate government
Alliance of independent states- states have more power than national government - supposedly clear definition of who can do what
Presidential government
Executive and legislative are separate
Parliamentary government
Prime minister is part of the legislative branch
5 ideals of democracy
- Worth of an individual
- Equality of all people
- Majority rule, minority rights
- Necessity of compromise
- Indivisible freedom
6 principles of the U.S. Government
Popular sovereignty Government is limited Separate powers Checks and balances Judicial review Federalism
Mercantilism
Economic system in which a country tried to control trade with its own colonies
What did the Zenger trial impose
Laid the foundation for freedom of the press for colonies
Albany plan of union
Meeting of 7 colonies
-complained about King
Who wrote common sense?
Thomas paine
What was common sense about
Blamed the kind and parliament for the problems
That they should break away
What are the articles of confederation
Q
What idea did John Locke have
Natural rights
Wh had the virginal plan
James Madison
3 branches
Bicameral
Seats determined by state population
Who had the New Jersey plan
William Patterson
3 branches
Unicameral legislature
Each state one vote
What was the great compromise
2 house legislature
Senate equal votes to plan the small states
House of Representatives
What are the articles
- The legislative branch
- Executive branch
- The judicial branch
- The states
- Process for amendments
- Constitution
- Approval when 9 states ratify it
List the amendments
- Speech, religion, assembly, press, petition
- Bare Arms
- No quartering troops
- Search and seizure
- Rights of the accused.
- Right to a fair and speedy trial
- Civil trials and jury
- No cruel or unusual punishment
- Just bc a right is not listed doesn’t mean it’s not protected
- Any power not given to the national government belongs to the states
13th amendment
No slavery
14th amendment
Due process to states
15th amendment
No voting discrimination
19th amendment
Women can vote
Executive branch
Article 2
35 years m, natural born, 14 years in states
Enforce and carry out laws
- commander in chief
- appoints judges and other federal positions
-cabinet: 14 appointed to lead federal agencies
-independent agencies
Judicial branch
Article 3 District courts, appellate,Supreme Court - 9 justices - can practice judicial review - can overturn lower court decisions
26th amendment
Voting at age 18
Standing committee
Permanent
Two types of powers confess has
Expressed and implied
How does a bill become a law
- Bill is introduced
- Bill is assigned to a committee
- Debated in committee
- House rules committee
- House votes of the bill
- Bill is sent to the senate
- Bill is sent to a senate committee
- Senate votes on bill
- Bill can be sent to conference committee
- Bill is sent to the president
- The bill is assigned by the president
Pardon
A declaration of forgiveness and freedom from punishment
Amnesty
A pardon towards a group of people
Reprieve
Order to delay a persons punishment unit higher court can hear the case
Who are part of the bureaucracy
Executive office of the president
West wing advisors: chief of staff
Several concurs and groups
OMB
Office of management and budget
What are the types of jurisdiction
Original
Concurrent
Appellate
Exclusive
How many justices are there?
9
Precedence
A decision that came before
Ideological parties
Focus on changing society in major ways
Single issue parties
Promote a social, economic, or moral issue
Endorsement
I’m a famous celebrity and I support
Cardstacking
Here’s all the ways in better than my opponent
Transfer
This symbol=me
When are federal elections held
The first Tuesday in November of every even numbered year
Primary elections
Determine who will represent the party in general election
General elections
Vote for nominees of the different party
Closed primary
Only registered party voters can vote
Open primary
Any registered vote can vote regardless of party
Runoff of
In most states, candidate needs a plurity
Initiatives
Ideas that came from the public and are voted on during elections
Referendums
ideas that come from lawmakers that are voted directly by the public
Recalls
A species election called to remove an elected official from office
Canvassing
Door to door or telephone contact with potential voters
Lobbyist
Are special employed by specials interest groups to influence law makers go vote against legislation
Electorate
The eligible registered voters
Absentee voting
If you will be out of your voting area on Election Day, you can file an absent ballot
Commences building
Start with things both sides agree on and work from there
Negotiation
Bargaining
Arbitration and meditation
Using and impartial party to reach agreement
Laws
Sets of rules that allow people to live peacefully
Administrative law
governs and regulates federal and state agencies
Civil law
Settles disputes between individuals where no law has been broken
Crime
An act that breaks a federal or state criminal law & causes harm to people or society in general
Criminal or penal code
Spells out the punishments
Misdemeanors
Are less serious crimes that often do not go though trial
Grand Jury
A jury that meats to decide if there is enough revise cd for a trial
Probation
Convicted but not put in prison
Incarceration
To be sentence to a prison term
Parole
To be released from prison and closely monitored
Restitution
To have to repay with either a monetary fine or community service
Capital punishment
The death penalty
Only utilized in certain types of cases
3 strikes rules
In about half the states, three feeling convictions results in a mandatory sentence of 25 years to life
Backlog of civil cases
They could wait years waiting on trial
Specialization
Dividing up production so that goods are produced efficiently
Division of labor
Different people perform different jobs to achieve greater efficiency (assembly line)
Consumption
How much we buy (consumer sovereignty)
Traditional economics
Economic questions answered by custom
- predominantly agriculture
- developing or 3rd world
- trade and barter oriented
- low GDP & PC
Command economy
Economic questions answered by the government
- very little economic choice
- no private ownership
- communism
- old Soviet Union, communist China,
Who wrote the communist manifesto
Karl Marx
Who wrote das capital
Karl Marx
Who is Karl Marx
Founder of revolutionary socialism and communism
Free market
Economic questions answered by producers and consumers
- limited gov
- private property rights
- wide variety of choices and products
Who wrote the wealth of nations
Adam smith
Who came up with laissez faire
Adam smith
Voluntary exchange
Business and consumers must be free to buy or sell what and when they want
What did John Mayhard say
That the invisible hand doesn’t always work
What are Keynesian economics
Government should intervene in economic emergencies through tax and spending (fiscal policy) and changing the money supply (monetary supply)
