Heredity and Societies 1

Question 1

Zygote

Answer 1

• the way humans begin life as a single cell.
• a fertilized egg, by the fusion of a sperm and an egg.
• carries the chromosomes (all 23 pairs)

Question 2

How many cells are in a zygote after 36-39 weeks.

Answer 2

40 billion

Question 3

Somatic cells

Answer 3

cells that form the body of an organism, but do not form gametes

Question 4

What are errors in the DNA called?

Answer 4

mutations

Question 5

Germ cells

Answer 5

cells that divide to form sperm and eggs

Question 6

Stem cells

Answer 6

cells in the embryo and adult that can divide to form many different cell types

Question 7

Cell division

Answer 7

a process in which one cell divide to form two cells.

to form new cells needed in the body

Question 8

Chromosomes

Answer 8

DNA-containing threadlike structures in the nucleus that carry genetic information.in the form of DNA
Where DNA is packed and folded into chromosomes by histones

Question 9

Mitosis

Answer 9

form of the cell division that produces two daughter cells that are genetically and chromosomally identical t the parent cell.

Question 10

Meiosis

Answer 10

form of the cell division in which haploid cells are produced.
-the process were the sperm and egg that fuse to make a zygote are produced by this process.

Question 11

Cells

Answer 11

Cells are what make up any living thing.

Question 12

Macromolecules

Answer 12

large molecules composed of sub units found in the cells.

Question 13

What are the four classes of macro molecules.

Answer 13

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Question 14

Carbohydrates

Answer 14

These chains serve as stored energy reserves for the cell. SUGARS

Question 15

Lipids

Answer 15

Fatty acids. energy storage membrane structure. hormones.

Question 16

Proteins

Answer 16

act as enzymes, increasing the rate of chemical reactions necessary for important cellular functions
found inside cells, surrounding cells, and in bone, skin, and hair. AMINO ACIDS

Question 17

Nucleic acids

Answer 17

Nucleotides. stores genetic information

Question 18

DNA

Answer 18

DNA is what carries the information that makes a living organism what they are

Question 19

RNA

Answer 19

carries working copies of genes that are used to assemble amino acids into proteins.

Question 20

What do all cells have in common?

Answer 20

the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, organelles.

Question 21

plasma membrane

Answer 21

separates the cell from its external environment. outer border of the cells. lipids and proteins

Question 22

cytoplasm

Answer 22

viscous material that is located between the inner surface of the plasma membrane and the outer nuclear envelope that contains organelles

Question 23

Nuclear envelope

Answer 23

consists of a double membrane studded with pore. the pores control the exchange of molecules between he nucleus and the cytoplasm

Question 24

Nucleus

Answer 24

membrane enclosed organelles int he cells that contains the chromosomes. largest organelle

Question 25

Nucleoli

Answer 25

region in the nucleus that synthesis ribosomes. make proteins.

Question 26

Genes

Answer 26

genetic information that is carried in units of genes. | carriers of genetic information in the form of dna

Question 27

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 27

members of a chromosome pair

Question 28

Diploid number (2n)

Answer 28

condition where chromosomes are present as pairs. in humans the diploid number is 46

Question 29

Haploid number

Answer 29

condition in which each chromosome is present once, unpaired, in humans the haploid number is 23

Question 30

ER

Answer 30

The endoplasmic reticulum is folded membranes in the cell, that helps gene information travel. Parts of the ER is covered with ribosomes.

Question 31

Ribosomes

Answer 31

form though the ER. site of protein synthesis.

Question 32

Golgi apparatus

Answer 32

membranous organelle composed of a series of flattened sacs; it sorts, modifies, and packages proteins produced in the er

Question 33

Lysosomes

Answer 33

membrane-enclosed organelles that contain digestive enzymes.

Question 34

Secondary sex characteristics

Answer 34

characteristics that develop later in life, not during reproduction.

Question 35

Autosomes

Answer 35

the other 22 pairs

Question 36

Where is sex determined in

Answer 36

fertilization, where the sperm carries the x or y chromosome, fuses with an egg.

Question 37

fertilization

Answer 37

when a sperm and egg join

Question 38

What are portions the link

Answer 38

Proteins are the link between genes and the phenotype

Question 39

Substrate

Answer 39

Compound acted on in a reaction

Question 40

Product

Answer 40

Compound produced in a reaction

Question 41

Metabolism

Answer 41

All biochemical reactions in the cell

Question 42

Phenylketonuria

Answer 42

1/12000 newborns - autosomal recessive - mutation in a gene for enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) which converts phenylalanine to tyrosine - untreated newborns build up high levels of phenylalanine - causes brain damage, me natal restates riot, seizures, limited pigmentation never learn to talk

Question 43

Lactose Intolerance

Answer 43

Lactose activity declines with age Adults may develop lactose intolerance GIT symptoms Frequency varies between populations 10% 90% 75%

Question 44

Pharmacogenetics

Answer 44

Investigates the genetic variations in responses to drugs

Question 45

what are the basic components of a nucleotide?

Answer 45

nitrogenous base phosphate sugar

Question 46

2 types of cells

Answer 46

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Question 47

eukaryotes

Answer 47

Somatic cells- of the body –diploid (2n)– 46 chromosomes Gametes or sex cells –of the testes and ovaries haploid (1n)- 23 chromosomes

Question 48

2 major components of a Cell

Answer 48

Plasma Membrane Cytoplasm- endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, lysosomes and mitochondria and Nucleus

Question 49

What can happen without the plasma membrane

Answer 49

Regulates the exchange of materials | Cystic Fibrosis-defective proteins - chloride ions

Question 50

What can happen without a working Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 50

Endoplasmic Reticulum-Protein folding, preparation for transport- ribosomes-Alzheimer

Question 51

Gaucher disease

Answer 51

Unable to break down materials-accumulate in liver, spleen (Lysosomes)

Question 52

Tay-Sachs

Answer 52

Pompe disease- severe mental retardation , blindness and eventually death (Lysosomes)