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flashcards > sociology ch.4-6 > Flashcards

sociology ch.4-6 Flashcards

0
Q

The dramaturgical approach

A

Is the method of analyzing social interaction in which the individuals are seen as actors in a theater

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1
Q

Symbolic Interaction

A

Is the interaction that takes place between people thrift symbols such as signs, gestures, and language

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2
Q

Impression Management

A

Is the attempt to control the impression people make on others by presenting themselves in the most positive light

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3
Q

Role Performance

A

The actual behavior of a person playing a particular role

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4
Q

Role conflict

A

Is a situation in which two or more roles of a person clash having contradictory requirements

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5
Q

Role strain

A

Is a situation in which contradictory expectations are built into a single role

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6
Q

Teamwork

A

Is when two or more people work together to help a performance come off as planned or for a performance to be successful

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7
Q

Ethnomethodology

A

Is the study of how people construct and share their definitions of reality in their everyday interactions

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8
Q

Social Interactionism

A

Interactions among people

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9
Q

Territoriality

A

People try to protect his or her personal space

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10
Q

Group

A

Is a collection of people interacting together in an orderly way on the basis of shared expectations about each other’s behavior

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11
Q

Social category

A

Is a collection of people who may not interact, but who share certain characteristics (ex. Pregnant women)

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12
Q

Aggregate

A

Is a collection of people who happen to be in the same place at the same time, eg people waiting for a bus- the interaction is fleeting and superficial

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13
Q

Primary group

A

Consists of a small number of people who interact over a relatively long period on a direct, intimate, face-to-face basis

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14
Q

Secondary group

A

Consists of a number of people who interact on a relatively temporary, anonymous, and impersonal basis

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15
Q

Oligarchy

A

Means rule by the few- official at the top of a hierarchy usually maintain control of the people below them

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16
Q

Bureaucracy

A

Is hierarchical authority structure that operates under explicit rules and procedures. Understanding bureaucracy is the key to the analysis of formal organizations

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17
Q

Ingroup

A

Is any group that one belongs to and identifies with

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18
Q

Outgroup

A

Is any alternative group that one does not belong to or identifies with

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19
Q

A reference group

A

Is a group to which people refer when making evaluations about themselves and their behavior

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20
Q

Social network

A

Is a web of relationships that link the individual directly to other people, and through these other people, indirectly to even more people

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21
Q

Formal organization

A

Is a large social group that is deliberately and rationally designed to achieve specific objectives. Formal organizations usually take the forms of voluntary, coercive, or utilitarian organizations

22
Q

Alienation

A

Is the situation in which people lose their control over the social world they have created, with the result that they find themselves to be “strangers” in a hostile environment

23
Q

Group Dynamics

A

Refer to how groups influence us and how we influence groups

24
Q

A Dyad

A

Is mad up of two people

25
Q

A triad

A

Or a triangle is a made up of three people

26
Q

A leader

A

Is someone who, largely by virtue of a certain perp analogy characteristics, in consistently able to influence the behavior of others

27
Q

Instrumental leadership

A

Is the kind necessary to organize a group in pursuit of its goals

28
Q

Expressive Leadership

A

Is the kind necessary to create harmony and solidarity among group members

29
Q

Authoritarian Leaders

A

Are those that simply give orders

30
Q

Democratically Leaders

A

Are those that attempt to win consensus on a course of action

31
Q

Laissez-Faire Leaders

A

Are those that are easy-going and make little attempt to direct or organize the group

32
Q

Groupthink

A

Is a collective tunnel vision that group members sometimes develop

33
Q

Sociocultural Evolution

A

Is the tendency societies’ social structures and cultures to grow more complex over time

34
Q

Hunting and gathering society

A

Is one relying for its subsistence on such animals and vegetables as its member can hunt and gather

35
Q

Surplus Wealth

A

Refers to food and other goods that are not needed to meet their producers’ basic need

36
Q

Division of labor

A

Refer to the specialization by individuals or groups in particular economic activities

37
Q

Animism

A

Is a religion that recognizes active, animate spirits operating in the wild

38
Q

A pastoral society

A

Is one relying for its subsistence primarily on the domestication of herd animals, such as sheep, goats, cows, horses, or camels.

39
Q

Horticultural society

A

Is one relying for its subsistence primarily on the how cultivation of domesticated plants

40
Q

An agricultural society

A

Is one relying for its subsistence primarily on the cultivation of crops through the use of plow and draft animals

41
Q

An industrial society

A

Is one relying for its subsistence primarily on mechanized production of goods and services

42
Q

Post Industrial Society

A

Is one relying for its subsistence primarily on the production o services and information

43
Q

Subsistence society

A

How people make their life

44
Q

Shaman

A

Medicine man

45
Q

Dr. Jones skult

A

Created a vaccine for polio

46
Q

The Peter Pincipal

A

Each employee o a bureaucracy is printed to his or her level of incompetence

47
Q

Levels of Incompetence

A

Is a position which a person is unable to perform well

48
Q

Man

A

A social animal

49
Q

Bureaucracy

A

This is also a chain of command

50
Q

This was studies by Max Weber -under rationalisation

A

Bureaucracy

51
Q

Stigmatization

A

Involves soiling someone’s identity by labeling him or her in a negative way

52
Q

Scapegoating

A

Is when someone different or weaker is picked on or blames when things go wrong in a larger group, regardless of the person’s role in the problem

53
Q

Anomie (According to Merton)

A

Is the situation that arises when there is a discrepancy between socially approved goals and the availability of socially approved means of achieving them

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