sociology ch.4-6

Question 0

The dramaturgical approach

Answer 0

Is the method of analyzing social interaction in which the individuals are seen as actors in a theater

Question 1

Symbolic Interaction

Answer 1

Is the interaction that takes place between people thrift symbols such as signs, gestures, and language

Question 2

Impression Management

Answer 2

Is the attempt to control the impression people make on others by presenting themselves in the most positive light

Question 3

Role Performance

Answer 3

The actual behavior of a person playing a particular role

Question 4

Role conflict

Answer 4

Is a situation in which two or more roles of a person clash having contradictory requirements

Question 5

Role strain

Answer 5

Is a situation in which contradictory expectations are built into a single role

Question 6

Teamwork

Answer 6

Is when two or more people work together to help a performance come off as planned or for a performance to be successful

Question 7

Ethnomethodology

Answer 7

Is the study of how people construct and share their definitions of reality in their everyday interactions

Question 8

Social Interactionism

Answer 8

Interactions among people

Question 9

Territoriality

Answer 9

People try to protect his or her personal space

Question 10

Group

Answer 10

Is a collection of people interacting together in an orderly way on the basis of shared expectations about each other’s behavior

Question 11

Social category

Answer 11

Is a collection of people who may not interact, but who share certain characteristics (ex. Pregnant women)

Question 12

Aggregate

Answer 12

Is a collection of people who happen to be in the same place at the same time, eg people waiting for a bus- the interaction is fleeting and superficial

Question 13

Primary group

Answer 13

Consists of a small number of people who interact over a relatively long period on a direct, intimate, face-to-face basis

Question 14

Secondary group

Answer 14

Consists of a number of people who interact on a relatively temporary, anonymous, and impersonal basis

Question 15

Oligarchy

Answer 15

Means rule by the few- official at the top of a hierarchy usually maintain control of the people below them

Question 16

Bureaucracy

Answer 16

Is hierarchical authority structure that operates under explicit rules and procedures. Understanding bureaucracy is the key to the analysis of formal organizations

Question 17

Ingroup

Answer 17

Is any group that one belongs to and identifies with

Question 18

Outgroup

Answer 18

Is any alternative group that one does not belong to or identifies with

Question 19

A reference group

Answer 19

Is a group to which people refer when making evaluations about themselves and their behavior

Question 20

Social network

Answer 20

Is a web of relationships that link the individual directly to other people, and through these other people, indirectly to even more people

Question 21

Formal organization

Answer 21

Is a large social group that is deliberately and rationally designed to achieve specific objectives. Formal organizations usually take the forms of voluntary, coercive, or utilitarian organizations

Question 22

Alienation

Answer 22

Is the situation in which people lose their control over the social world they have created, with the result that they find themselves to be “strangers” in a hostile environment

Question 23

Group Dynamics

Answer 23

Refer to how groups influence us and how we influence groups

Question 24

A Dyad

Answer 24

Is mad up of two people

Question 25

A triad

Answer 25

Or a triangle is a made up of three people

Question 26

A leader

Answer 26

Is someone who, largely by virtue of a certain perp analogy characteristics, in consistently able to influence the behavior of others

Question 27

Instrumental leadership

Answer 27

Is the kind necessary to organize a group in pursuit of its goals

Question 28

Expressive Leadership

Answer 28

Is the kind necessary to create harmony and solidarity among group members

Question 29

Authoritarian Leaders

Answer 29

Are those that simply give orders

Question 30

Democratically Leaders

Answer 30

Are those that attempt to win consensus on a course of action

Question 31

Laissez-Faire Leaders

Answer 31

Are those that are easy-going and make little attempt to direct or organize the group

Question 32

Groupthink

Answer 32

Is a collective tunnel vision that group members sometimes develop

Question 33

Sociocultural Evolution

Answer 33

Is the tendency societies' social structures and cultures to grow more complex over time

Question 34

Hunting and gathering society

Answer 34

Is one relying for its subsistence on such animals and vegetables as its member can hunt and gather

Question 35

Surplus Wealth

Answer 35

Refers to food and other goods that are not needed to meet their producers' basic need

Question 36

Division of labor

Answer 36

Refer to the specialization by individuals or groups in particular economic activities

Question 37

Animism

Answer 37

Is a religion that recognizes active, animate spirits operating in the wild

Question 38

A pastoral society

Answer 38

Is one relying for its subsistence primarily on the domestication of herd animals, such as sheep, goats, cows, horses, or camels.

Question 39

Horticultural society

Answer 39

Is one relying for its subsistence primarily on the how cultivation of domesticated plants

Question 40

An agricultural society

Answer 40

Is one relying for its subsistence primarily on the cultivation of crops through the use of plow and draft animals

Question 41

An industrial society

Answer 41

Is one relying for its subsistence primarily on mechanized production of goods and services

Question 42

Post Industrial Society

Answer 42

Is one relying for its subsistence primarily on the production o services and information

Question 43

Subsistence society

Answer 43

How people make their life

Question 44

Shaman

Answer 44

Medicine man

Question 45

Dr. Jones skult

Answer 45

Created a vaccine for polio

Question 46

The Peter Pincipal

Answer 46

Each employee o a bureaucracy is printed to his or her level of incompetence

Question 47

Levels of Incompetence

Answer 47

Is a position which a person is unable to perform well

Question 48

Man

Answer 48

A social animal

Question 49

Bureaucracy

Answer 49

This is also a chain of command

Question 50

This was studies by Max Weber -under rationalisation

Answer 50

Bureaucracy

Question 51

Stigmatization

Answer 51

Involves soiling someone's identity by labeling him or her in a negative way

Question 52

Scapegoating

Answer 52

Is when someone different or weaker is picked on or blames when things go wrong in a larger group, regardless of the person's role in the problem

Question 53

Anomie (According to Merton)

Answer 53

Is the situation that arises when there is a discrepancy between socially approved goals and the availability of socially approved means of achieving them