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PSY 200 > Social Thinking > Flashcards

Social Thinking Flashcards

1
Q

Social influence

A

the ways people influence the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of other people

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2
Q

social role

A

the part one plays in a social situation

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3
Q

Who conducted the Stanford Prison experiment?

A

Philip Zimbardo

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4
Q

social norms

A

society’s rules for appropriate behavior

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5
Q

Gary saw some of his friends steal gum from the candy store and not get in trouble. The next time Gary went to the candy store with his friends, he stole gum. This is an example of a(n) …

A

social influence

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6
Q

Jane did not know that a line had formed at the deli counter, and mistakenly cut in front of another customer. The person she cut in front of was very angry because Jane had violated a …

A

social norm

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7
Q

Conformity

A

changing one’s beliefs or behaviors in response to group pressure

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8
Q

Solomon Asche

A

Did conformity study, with lines that have clearly one highest line.

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9
Q

What factors may make a person more likely to conform to group expectations?

A

desire to be liked

shyness

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10
Q

People are less likely to conform if at least one other person _____with them.

A

agrees

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11
Q

Less likely to conform if we live in a society that values_____

A

individualism

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12
Q

A firefighter listens to the head chief an ________, because it makes things safer. This is a _______ example of_____?

A

authority figure, positive, obedience

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13
Q

Two groups working on the same project have no idea how they are affecting each other because they never see each other. This is an example of _______.

A

situational factors of obedience

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14
Q

attitude

A

a learned tendency to evaluate something in a particular way

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15
Q

The 3 parts of attitudes are

A

cognitive, behavioral, and emotional component

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16
Q

cognitive dissonance

A

tension between attitudes and behaviors

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17
Q

rationalization

A

creating acceptable reasons for an unacceptable action

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18
Q

T or F: We tend to act most consistently with attitudes that we form through direct experience

A

True

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19
Q

persuasion

A

process of attempting to change another person’s attitude

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20
Q

3 factors for effective persuasion

A

characteristics of the speaker
characteristics of the message
characteristics of the listener

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21
Q

People are more likely to be persuaded by a speaker who…

A

has credibility, and is likeable and popular

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22
Q

A person is more likely to be persuaded if…

A

they are addressed in a group, they have a need to be socially accepted

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23
Q

Elaboration likelihood model (ELM)

A

determines how attitudes are formed and changed

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24
Q

Persuasion can be changed by which 2 different routes

A

The central or peripheral route

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25
Q

The Central route

A

uses information and reason

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26
Q

Peripheral route

A

attitude change after associating the persuasive message with peripheral cues

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27
Q

The central route to persuasion will be more effective on someone who is…

A

able and willing to process the message. Also if the purchase is important to him/her

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28
Q

Who created the ELM

A

Petty and Cacioppo

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29
Q

Merits are traits such as …

A

affordability, coverage, convenience

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30
Q

foot in the door technique

A

using agreement to a small request to persuade someone to follow through on a larger request

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31
Q

low - balling

A

an attractive offer that’s changed once a salesperson has you hooked on a deal

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32
Q

bait and switch tactic

A

an item is advertised very cheaply, then all of a sudden it’s out of stock. Then they try to get you to purchase something that’s more expensive

33
Q

Deindividuation

A

having less self-awareness or concern about perception of one’s behavior. They have less concern about people outside of their group.

34
Q

diffusion of responsibility

A

decreased or non-existent sense of one’s own responsibility for the actions of the group as a whole. People feel more anonymous in a bigger group

35
Q

Mob mentality is often referenced in an attempt to explain sports-related “
_____________ “a term coined to describe the behavior that sometimes accompanies notable wins or losses by a sports team.

A

hooliganism

36
Q

When people behave in an antisocial way online it is an example of how …

A

anonymity influences negative behavior because people think they can’t be identified

37
Q

The result of diffusion of responsibility and individuation

A

mob mentality

38
Q

aggressive behavior of team members wearing matching jersies

A

anonymity

39
Q

loosing one sense of self

A

deindividuation

40
Q

What can be said about mobs and mob mentality?

A

The anonymity of wearing a uniform can make groups more aggressive
The size of the group seems to influence events

41
Q

People may engage in violent or antisocial behavior if they believe

A

they cannot be identified

42
Q

group

A

individuals who come in contact for a meaningful purpose

43
Q

Bruce Tuckman

A

developed stages for becoming a group

44
Q

forming

A

group begins to take shape, members set rules

45
Q

storming

A

group members compete for roles

46
Q

norming

A

members establish norms and develop connections

47
Q

performing

A

members work effectively as a group

48
Q

adjourning

A

group disbands after reaching its goals

49
Q

What are the 5 stages of group development?

A 
forming
storming
norming
performing
adjourning
50
Q

The stage where there may be the most conflict in the group is …..

A

the storming stage

51
Q

A groups full potential is reached during which stage?

A

performing stage

52
Q

social facilitation

A

when working in a group improves our performance of individual tasks

53
Q

social loafing

A

expending less effort when working collectively with other people

54
Q

social loafing is more likely to occur when…

A

efforts won’t be evaluated individually
not interested in the task
non-cohesive group
expect someone else to do task

55
Q

Which psychologist studied social facilitation?

A

Triplett

56
Q

Which psychologist studied social loafing?

A

Ringlemann

57
Q

groupthink

A

conformity and social pressure discourages individual assessment

58
Q

Characteristics of group think include

A

failure to consider alternatives, to examine risk of preferred choice, and failure to think of plan b’s

59
Q

group polarization

A

group members’ opinions become more extreme

60
Q

devil’s advocate

A

person who argues against a choice to determine its weakness

61
Q

3 things that work against group think are…

A

Playing devil’s advocate
second-chance meetings
sub-groups

62
Q

3 things that contribute toward group think are…

A

the closeness of the group
larger size of the group
need for harmony

63
Q

prosocial behavior

A

any type of behavior that benefits others; heavily influenced by situational factors

64
Q

People are more likely to help if…

A

someone else is started to help,

more likely to help someone with whom we have a relationship

65
Q

bystander effect

A

not acting due to the belief that someone else will help

66
Q

Imagine that you are doing some grocery shopping in the small town where you live. You see a woman and a young child arguing. The woman scolds the child, roughly takes the child’s arm and marches her out the door. The child is crying and says, “You’re not my mother.” The woman says, “Oh stop it.” Everyone in the store just returns to their shopping. This is likely to be an example of which of the following?

A

seeing an ambiguous situation and not helping

67
Q

a crowd of people are watching but no one is helping is an example of

A

diffusion of responsibility

68
Q

not stopping to help someone with a flat on a busy street is an example of

A

bystander effect

69
Q

You are out for your morning run, and as you pass your community hospital, you see a group of people standing around a man on the ground. He appears to be unconscious. What is the most likely reason no one is taking action?

A

People aren’t helping because they don’t have knowledge that would be helpful.

70
Q

assertive

A

standing up for your rights without infringing on the rights of others

71
Q

passive

A

giving up your rights and deferring to the rights of others

72
Q

aggressive

A

standing up for your rights with no regards for others

73
Q

Keep and eye on your body language. Assertive behavior includes straight posture, good eye contact, and a _____ or ____ facial expression

A

neutral, positive

74
Q

knowing own feelings, thoughts, desires

A

self-aware

75
Q

Negative facial expression is characteristic of ____

A

aggressive assertion

76
Q

When is an argument more likely to be persuasive?

A

When the speaker makes it credible.

77
Q

The elaboration likelihood model was developed to …

A

explain how attitudes are formed and changed

78
Q

“It was like it wasn’t me…” is most likely an example of

A

diffusion of responsibility

PSY 200 (11 decks)

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