Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSY 200 > Memory > Flashcards

Memory Flashcards

1
Q

amnesia

A

loss of memory due to injury or illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 types of memory

A

procedural, semantic, episodic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

procedural memory is

A

the memory of how to perform actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

semantic memory is

A

the memory of concepts and knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

episodic

A

the memory of events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Combining past experiences and recalling information is called…

A

reconstructing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

______ amnesia is the inability to form new memories.

A

Anterograde

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Connecting bits of information stored in our memory is…

A

reconstructing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Seeing ourselves participate in events that have not yet occurred is….

A

projecting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Creating connections between one moment and the next is….

A

continuity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The distinction between episodic memory and semantic memory was first described by _______

A

Endel Tulving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

memory

A

information that can be stored and retrieved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

encoding

A

converting information into a form that a memory system can use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

storage

A

holding memory information over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

reconstruction

A

using information from the past to create a memory in the present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The human brain does not work like a file cabinet. Memories are ________ not retrieved.

A

reconstructed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Memory can be thought of as a set of _______.

A

systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Place the processes of memory in order:

A

Information is received and can be stored and retrieved

Information is converted or encoded into a form that can be stored

Memory is held over time

Information from the past is used to create a memory in the present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

attention

A

selecting part of the available information to process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

encoding

A

converting information into a form that a memory system can use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

depth of processing

A

the degree to which encoding focuses on meaning rather than physical properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

shallow processing

A

focuses on physical properties of stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

deep processing

A

focuses on the meaning of the stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

When we encode visual images and spatial information, we do it ________ and without much effort. We must think deeply about the meaning of a stimulus in order to build a _______ memory of that.

A

automatically, lasting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Place the memory-related events in order from first to last:

Pay attention

Build long-term memory

stimulus is introduced

encode

A

stimulus is introduced

pay attention

encode

build a long term memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

If a smell reminds you of Grandma’s house, that is an example of ______.

A

Deep processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Visual and spatial information are _____.

A

automatically encoded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

________ is a way that shallow processing can be used to acquire deeper understanding of an object. This allows us to process information without the context or meaning through repetition and practice.

A

Rehearsal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Remembering an advertisement can be an example of ______.

A

deep processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The encoding process works differently depending on if we focus on the ______ or the physical properties.

A

meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

If you were shown a word and asked about its meaning, rather than what font it was using, you would respond using _______ processing.

A

deep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The location of main street is an example of ______

A

spatial information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Order iconic, echoic, & long term memory from shortest to longest lasting.

A

Iconic, echoic, long-term

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

sensory memory

A

a system that holds information while part of it is chosen for further attention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

iconic memory

A

sensory memory for vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

echoic memory

A

sensory memory for hearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

semantic memory

A

the memory type that describes echoic memory to understand language.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

short term memory

A

briefly holds information until it is stored or forgotten

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

chunk

A

a piece of information you can think of as a single unit

40
Q

maintenance rehearsal

A

repeating information to maintain it in short-term memory

41
Q

A chunk is a single unit of information. Most people can hold approximately how many digits of information in short-term memory, plus or minus two digits?

A

7

42
Q

repeating a phone number aloud until you can write it down is an example of….

A

maintenance rehearsal

43
Q

Someone who can remember the past but has trouble forming new memories probably has _______amnesia. This kind of amnesia implies a functional long-term memory and a dysfunctional short-term memory.

A

anterograde

44
Q

In the 1950s George _____ discovered that short-term memory can hold somewhere between 5 and nine ____ of information

A

Miller, chunks

45
Q

The following information is in how many chunks? 6049 2394

A

2 chunks

46
Q

memory span

A

the capacity for short term memory

47
Q

This tests the limits of short-term memory.

A

Brown -perterson task

48
Q

long term memory

A

the system that holds all the information from the past that can be recalled or used in the present

49
Q

parallel distributed processing (PDP) approach

A

information is stored in memory as patterns of neuron activation. Also known as connectionist approach

50
Q

Areas that activate and deactivate as necessary are called ______.

A

nodes

51
Q

Connections between active areas in a PDP network are called _____.

A

links

52
Q

The term ______, in parallel distributed processing, refers to information being spread out across the network

A

distributed

53
Q

Give an example of multiple processes taking place at the same time (Parallel)

A

Watching a movie and the main character reminds her of her father. While she listens to the soundtrack she remembers her best friend’s favorite song.

54
Q

Give an example of information being spread out across the network (distributed)

A

These two memories make her think of the summer she spent in Europe

55
Q

Give an example of Parallel Distributed process

A

two factors from one single movie made her think of separate memories that crossed paths to help her reconstruct one thing

56
Q

The term _______, in parallel distributed processing, refers to multiple processes taking place at the same time.

A

parallel

57
Q

The parallel distributed processing model describes memory information as patterns of activation in a(n) ______.

A

network

58
Q

True or false: The death of an individual neuron can cause forgetting

A

False

59
Q

True or false: Parallel processing explains why humans are able to deal with many types of information at once

A

True

60
Q

True or false: Different patterns of activation represent different concepts

A

True

61
Q

According to the parallel distributed processing model, memory is made up of ______ that are joined together by ________.

A

nodes, links

62
Q

long term memory has the potential to hold information….

A

virtually forever.

63
Q

True or False, When we reconstruct memory we sometimes activate extra nodes, or leave others out.

A

True

64
Q

True or False: Things that happen to you affect the way you reconstruct a memory.

A

True

65
Q

True or False: We reconstruct memories the same way each time.

A

False

66
Q

information is represented by patterns of activation in a network….

A

Parallel distributed processing model

67
Q

components that form structures in a network

A

nodes

68
Q

activating nodes to recreate information

A

memory reconstruction

69
Q

recall

A

remembering information upon demand

70
Q

recognition

A

identifying correct information when presented with alternatives

71
Q

relearning

A

material is learned more quickly a second time than it was originally

72
Q

The process of _____ shows the most conscious and effortful processing, and is the strictest measure of retention.

A

recall

73
Q

The four “R’s” in terms of memory are

A

Recall, Recognition, and relearning are all measures of retention

74
Q

proactive interference

A

old information blocks the recall of new information

75
Q

retroactive interference

A

new information blocks the recall of old information

76
Q

information fading away is an example of….

A

decay

77
Q

misinformation effect

A

the distortion of memory by incorrect information given later

78
Q

Elizabeth Loftus

A

conducted a study demonstrating the misinformation effect.

79
Q

Deese-Roediger-McDermott procedure

A

demonstrates how memory can be reconstructed inaccurately

80
Q

When the police asked questions about what she saw, she felt she remembered the facts differently

A

Deese - Roediger - McDermott procedure

81
Q

given information about an event that she had no recollection of, and now she has vivid memories of the event

A

Misinformation effect

82
Q

amnesia

A

loss of memory due to injury, or physical or mental illness

83
Q

organic amnesia

A

loss of memory due to brain injury

84
Q

retrograde amnesia

A

loss of memory from before the injury

85
Q

anterograde amnesia

A

inability to remember events after injury

86
Q

consolidation

A

the process of making memories permanent

87
Q

True or False: Retrograde Amnesia is permanent

A

False

88
Q

True or False: Retrograde amnesia can often result from a concussion or stroke

A

True

89
Q

consolidation is

A

the process of making memories permanent

90
Q

What part of the brain makes memories permanent

A

hippocampus

91
Q

The linkword method associates foreign vocabulary words with _______to make them easier to remember

A

images

92
Q

GOATS is a study technique involving

A 
Generate
Organize
Attention
Test
Space
93
Q

Which memory system holds a large amount of information while we decide what we should be paying attention to?

A

sensory memory

94
Q

What did the Brown-Peterson Task study, in respect to the brain’s memory?

A

How the brain loses information in short term memory when it has to focus on other immediate tasks

95
Q

Parallel processing explains….

A

how we are able to process as much information as we do

96
Q

The three main reasons why we forget are ….

A

encoding failure, decay, interference

PSY 200 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions