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PSY 200 > Social Behavior > Flashcards

Social Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

social cognition

A

process of understanding own and other behavior

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2
Q

false consensus effect

A

assuming others share one’s own opinion

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3
Q

We experience the false consensus effect more often with things we _____ and less often with things we _____

A

like, dislike

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4
Q

false uniqueness effect

A

assuming others’ opinions are very different from their own

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5
Q

automatic vigilance

A

tendency to pay attention to negative social information

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6
Q

motivated skepticism

A

needing more information for an undesirable conclusion than a preferred conclusion

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7
Q

Carla won’t stop talking to her friends and family about her support for the president and his policies, not realizing that they might disagree with her. This may be an indication of the false
_____ effect.

A

consensus

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8
Q

“He seems like a good boy. He must have stolen the book for a good reason.” an example of …

A

first impression

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9
Q

attribution

A

inferring the causes of behavior

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10
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

overestimating internal factors and underestimating external factors when explaining the behavior of others

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11
Q

actor-observer discrepancy

A

attributing one’s own behavior to external causes, and others’ behavior to internal causes

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12
Q

self-serving bias

A

attributing one’s successes to internal factors but attributing our failures to external factors

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13
Q

There are several types of attribution biases: a(n) ________ bias causes us to blame our own failures on outside factors. The fundamental ______ error causes us to underestimate the effects of outside factors on other people. And the actor-observer ______causes us to do both.

A

self-serving, attribution, discrepancy

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14
Q

Jonathan blamed bad calls by the referee for his foul, but a missed basket by his teammate for lack of concentration. This is a good example of …

A

actor-observer discrepancy

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15
Q

prejudice

A

negative attitude toward members of a specific social group

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16
Q

discrimination

A

negative behavior towards members of a specific social group

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17
Q

realistic conflict theory

A

prejudice begins with economic competition between social groups

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18
Q

social categorization

A

dividing people into “us” and “them”

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19
Q

stereotype

A

inaccurate or overgeneralized belief about a social group

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20
Q

The idea that we’re more likely to pay attention to information that fits our preexisting beliefs is ______ bias. This thinking can reinforce
______ beliefs toward others.

A

confirmation, stereotypical

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21
Q

explains prejudice in terms of social influence

A

observational learning

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22
Q

explains prejudice by using “us” and “them” distinctions

A

social categorization

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23
Q

Fear that Asians will dominate math and science jobs

A

realistic conflict theory

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24
Q

Discussing with someone how you share the same belief as them is an example of ..

A

confirmation bias

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25
Q

Things to help reduce prejudice

A

intergroup mingling
personal connections between group
Equal positions from multiple groups
creating common goals

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26
Q

Being aware of our own prejudices and being careful about our words and _______
around our children can help minimize the negative effects of prejudice in our communities.

A

behavior

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27
Q

What’s missing: Trying to overcome prejudices between two groups of people.

Keep groups apart
learn about each other’s differences
___________
Ask the members of both groups to work towards a common goal

A

Bring the groups together to discuss

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28
Q

bringing 2 groups together increases or decreases prejudice?

A

it may do either or depending on the situation.

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29
Q

Contact between groups can reduce prejudice more effectively when …

A

the groups share a common goal

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30
Q

An important consequence of inter-group contact is that members of different groups can begin to see one another as ______ rather than in terms of group stereotypes.

A

individuals

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31
Q

Overcoming prejudice is best accomplished when the groups are members of the same social _____and possess a shared skill set

A

class

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32
Q

independent view of self

A

defining oneself in terms of one’s own thoughts, feelings, and actions

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33
Q

interdependent view of self

A

defining oneself in terms of one’s relationship with others

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34
Q

in addition to culture and gender differences _______ may also influence our view of ourselves, although this may vary for each person.

A

ethnicity

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35
Q

Collectivistic societies describe themselves more so in interdependent or independent ways?

A

interdependent

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36
Q

self-fulfilling prophecy

A

expectations of a person causes him or her to behave in a way that matches your expectation

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37
Q

stereotype threat

A

fear of being judged by a negative stereotype

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38
Q

Which psychologist worked on the experiment to see how effective self-fulfilling prophecies were. IQ test with teachers

A

Rosenthal and Lenore

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39
Q 
In Rosenthal And Lenore's social experiment.
Students are labeled as bloomers
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
teachers teach their students
Students who are "bloomers" perform well
A

teachers teach their students

40
Q

The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to ________ internal factors and _______ external factors when explaining behavior

A

overestimate, underestimate

41
Q

The result of stereotype threat is _______ performance when facing a negative stereotype, thus confirming the stereotype

A

poor

42
Q

You risk causing a self-fulfilling prophecy in another person if you have an inaccurate…

A

first impression

43
Q

aggression

A

behavior intended to harm another person

44
Q

direct aggression

A

agression that is observable and meant to be ovserved

45
Q

indirect aggression

A

trying to hurt someone without obvious face to face conflict

46
Q

Aggression in males tends to be more _____, while aggression in females tends to be more _____

A

direct, indirect

47
Q

attraction

A

a force that draws individuals together

48
Q

matching hypothesis

A

we seek relationships with people who are similar to ourselves in level of attractiveness and other similarities

49
Q

2 factors that increase attraction

A

familiarity and proximity

50
Q

reciprocity

A

returning feelings or responses that are directed toward us

51
Q

Characteristics that are considered to be universally attractive across all cultures are

A

healthy hair
facial symmetry
clear complexion
healthy teeth

52
Q

The most relevant factor in romantic attraction is physical _____

A

appearance

53
Q

Psychologist who developed theory that love is made up of 3 components

A

Robert Sternberg

54
Q

What are the 3 components of love by Sternberg?

A

intimacy, passion, and commitment

55
Q

intimacy

A

emotional closeness and sharing of personal information

56
Q

passion

A

sexual attraction and feelings of euphoria

57
Q

commitment

A

an agreement or decision to remain in a romantic relationship

58
Q

The type of love with only intimacy?

A

liking

59
Q

The type of love with only commitment?

A

empty love

60
Q

They type of love with only passion?

A

Infatuation

61
Q

The type of love with passion and intimacy?

A

Romantic love

62
Q

The type of love with intimacy and commitment

A

Companionate love

63
Q

The type of love with passion and commitment

A

fatuous love

64
Q

The type of love with all 3 intimacy, passion, and commitment

A

Consumate Love

65
Q

When there is none it is called

A

non-love ie casual friendship

66
Q

Psychologist who developed proposed model for the developmental stages of relationships

A

George Levinger

67
Q

What are the developmental stages of relationships?

A 
attraction
building
continuation
deterioration
ending
68
Q

self-disclosure

A

revealing personal information about oneself to others

69
Q

The aspect of a relationship that makes partners feel secure and safe is mutual _____

A

commitment

70
Q

begins with small talk

A

building

71
Q

maintaining the relationship

A

continuation

72
Q

loss of interest in the relationship

A

deterioration

73
Q

decision to pursue a relationship

A

building

74
Q

increased emotional intimacy

A

continuation

75
Q

mutual support and reassurance

A

commitment

76
Q

A strong, healthy relationship includes which of the following stages

A

continuation, attraction, building

77
Q

social exchange theory

A

social behavior is an exchange with costs and benefits; normally trying to maximize benefits and minimize costs

78
Q

equity theory

A

individuals are happiest in a relationship that seems fair

79
Q

relationship equity is most important during which stage of a relationship?

A

building, also when things aren’t going well

80
Q

5 things to help keep a relationship stable

A

positivity, openness,

assurances, social networks, sharing tasks

81
Q

positivity

A

communicating in an optimistic manner

82
Q

openness

A

communicating honestly

83
Q

assurance

A

emphasizing affection and commitment

84
Q

social networks

A

including each other’s friends in couple activities

85
Q

sharing tasks

A

sharing household responsibilities

86
Q

name letter effect

A

favorably evaluating the letter’s in one’s own name

87
Q

Women who take on their husband’s last name tned to be viewed as…

A

less ambitious, more caring, less independent

88
Q

Being less cheerful is associated with…

A

unconventional names

89
Q

Unconventionally spelled names are associated with being…

A

less successful, less caring, and less engaging

90
Q

altruism

A

behavior that benefits others without conscious expectation of reward

91
Q

How does altruism relate to status?

A

We are more likely to help those who we perceive to have a higher status

92
Q

How does attractiveness relate to altruism?

A

We are more likely to help someone we perceive as attractive

93
Q

How does similarity relate to altruism?

A

We are more likely to help those who seem similar to us

94
Q

What did Robert Rosenthal’s and Lenore Jacobson’s 1968 experiment determine?

A

the power of the self-fulfilling prophecy

95
Q

One of the factors aggression can be influenced by

A

Biological Factors

Not: isolation, sobriety, and unblocked goal-directed behavior

96
Q

According to psychologist George Levinger, the decision to pursue a relationship or not occurs in which stage?

A

building

97
Q

studies have found that altruism is first observed in …

A

childhood

PSY 200 (11 decks)

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