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PSY 200 > Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Psychological Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Mental health professionals use what book to help understand psychological disorders?

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

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2
Q

What are the three main components of the DSM?

A

Diagnostic classifications, diagnostic criteria sets, and descriptive text

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3
Q

anxiety

A

feeling of unease, nervousness, and apprehension accompanied by physical agitation

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4
Q

psychological disorder

A

pattern of behaviors or psychological symptoms that impair a person’s ability to function in one or more areas of their life and/or causes significant personal distress

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5
Q

etiology

A

source or cause of a disorder

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6
Q

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition® (DSM-5)

A

guide to symptoms, criteria for diagnosis, and the typical impact of conditions

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7
Q

symptom

A

physical or mental feature that indicates the presence of a disorder

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8
Q

Diagnostic Classification:

A

list of mental disorders classified under general categories

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9
Q

Diagnostic Criteria Sets

A

list of symptoms and their duration that must be present in order to diagnose a specific mental disorder, along with symptoms that cannot be present.

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10
Q

Descriptive Text

A

detailed descriptions of symptoms, diagnosis problems, and other information on each mental disorder listed.

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11
Q

mental disorder

A

a pattern of behavior that impairs a person’s ability to function in one or more areas of life

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12
Q

Mental disorder category

A

a group of mental disorders with some common characteristics and symptoms

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13
Q

anxiety disorder

A

uncontrollable feelings of anxiety when no threat is present

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14
Q

The 5 types of anxiety disorders

A 
generalized anxiety disorder
panic disorder
phobias
posttraumatic stress disorder
obsessive compulsive disorder
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15
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

anxiety that is present most of the time, other symptoms involved

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16
Q

panic disorder

A

recurrent panic attacks and worry about reoccurence

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17
Q

panic attack

A

sudden period of intense fear and anxiety despite the absence of real danger or source of fear

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18
Q

phobias

A

intense, irrational fear of a specific object or situation

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19
Q

social phobia

A

fear of social situations

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20
Q

agoraphobia

A

fear of having a panic attack in a situation where one can’t escape or find help

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21
Q

specific phobia

A

fear of a specific situation or object

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22
Q

posttraumatic stress disorder (ptsd)

A

anxiety disorder caused by traumatic event

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23
Q

3 kinds of PTSD symptoms

A

re-experiencing event
avoiding reminders of the event
increased agitation in everyday life

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24
Q

increased agitation

A

problems sleeping, extreme caution to potential threats, or an exaggerated startle response

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25
Q

obsessive compulsive disorder (ocd)

A

overwhelming obsessions and compulsions

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26
Q

obsession

A

an uncontrollable and anxiety provoking thought or image

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27
Q

compulsion

A

a behavior that occurs repeatedly in attempt to decrease anxiety

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28
Q

In addition to feeling uncontrollably anxious most of the time, a person with generalized anxiety disorder typically experiences symptoms such as muscle tension, trouble when trying to concentrate, and ….

A

sleep problems

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29
Q

People with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) might _______ the traumatic event through recurring dreams and will often ______ reminders by not engaging in particular activities

A

re-experience, avoid

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30
Q 
Jennifer dreads everyday activities, such as going to class or eating in the cafeteria, because she is afraid of embarrassing herself in public. Jennifer could have a(n) 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ phobia
A

social

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31
Q

Maxine is experiencing uncontrollable feelings of anxiety in situations where there is no perceivable threat. The DSM would define this as a(n) …

A

anxiety disorder

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32
Q

mood disorder

A

a mood disturbance that is extreme, persistent, or unconnected to life circumstances

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33
Q

The two main groups of mood disorder

A

depressive disorder

bipolar disorders

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34
Q

Major depression

A

feeling sad or empty for most of the day nearly everyday for at least two weeks; feeling of worthlessness or guilt & symptoms of suicide

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35
Q

dysthymia

A

mild depression lasting at least two years

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36
Q

bipolar disorder

A

includes depressive episodes and manic episodes

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37
Q

depressive episode

A

feelings of sadness, worthlessness, loss of pleasure, and sleep difficulties

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38
Q

manic episode

A

elevated mood , inflated self-esteem, rapid speech, and racing thoughts

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39
Q

cyclothymic disorder (cyclothmia)

A

a two year time period with episodes of mild depression and elevated mood. Milder than bipolar disorder

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40
Q

somatoform disorders

A

physical symptoms that are not explained by a medical condition

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41
Q

hypochondria (somatoform)

A

fear that one has a medical condition

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42
Q

conversion disorder

A

a loss of motor or sensory function that is not caused by an underlying medical condition. Caused by stressor

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43
Q

stressor

A

situation or event that causes stress

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44
Q

dissociative disorder

A

the disruption of one’s identity or memory

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45
Q

dissociation

A

mental process becoming disconnected from his or her consciousness

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46
Q

dissociative amnesia

A

forget important personal information

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47
Q

dissociative fugue

A

unable to recall past, confused about identity, traveled away from home

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48
Q

dissociative identive disorder (did)

A

two or more personalities within one person

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49
Q

People experiencing dissociative
______ forget personal information, while people experiencing dissociative
______ are confused about their identity and have traveled away from home

A

amnesia, fugue

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50
Q

dissociative disorders

A

disorders that disrupt one’s identity and memory

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51
Q

Which type of psychological disorder occurs when a person believes he has physical symptoms that cannot be explained by the presence of a medical condition?

A

somatoform disorder

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52
Q

Which of the following disorders is characterized by a disruption in a person’s identity or memory?

A

dissociative disorder

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53
Q

Schizophrenia

A

lifelong affliction that normally occurs in early adulthood. A sever psychological disorder in which thoughts and emotions are not anchored in reality

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54
Q

positive symptoms of schizophrenia

A

addition to the individual’s perception of reality

55
Q

delusions

A

unshakable beliefs with no basis in reality

56
Q

Persecutory delusions

A

delusions making the person think they are being tracked or people are trying to harm them

57
Q

hallucinations

A

sensory experiences that occur in the absence of external stimuli

58
Q

negative symptoms

A

indications that mental functioning has been lost

59
Q

flat affect

A

showing very little emotion

60
Q

paranoid type of schizophrenia

A

includes delusions of persecution

61
Q

disorganized type of schizophrenia

A

includes disorganized speech and behavior, and flat affect

62
Q

catatonic type

A

sever disturbances in motor behavior

63
Q

dementia

A

multiple cognitive impairments that include memory loss

64
Q

delirium

A

state of confusion and decreased awareness of one’s surroundings

65
Q

amnestic disorder

A

inability to learn or recall new information

66
Q

characterized by severe disturbances in motor behavior

A

catatonic

67
Q

personality

A

a person’t unique and relatively stable way of acting,, thinking or feeling

68
Q

personality disorder

A

consistent pattern of dysfunction thoughts, behaviors, and social interactions that are distressful or harmful to others

69
Q

paranoid personality disorder

A

persistent suspiciousness or mistrust of others

70
Q

schizoid personality disorder

A

detachment from social relationships and limited emotional expression

71
Q

schizotypal personality disorder

A

extreme difficulty forming relationships as well as having peculiar or eccentric behavior

72
Q

antisocial personality disorder

A

disregarding and violating the rights of others, with little adherence to rules

73
Q

borderline personality disorder

A

unstable emotions, self-image, and relationships. Sensitive to feelings of abandonment

74
Q

histrionic personality disorder

A

overly dramatic behavior and a strong need to be the center of attention

75
Q

narcissistic personality disorder

A

arrogant behavior, need for excessive admiration, and a lack of empathy

76
Q

avoidant personality disorder

A

extreme fears of rejection and criticism

77
Q

dependent personality disorder

A

excessive needs to be taken care of, exhibits clingy submissive behavior

78
Q

obsessive compulsive personality disorder

A

preoccupation with order perfection, and control

79
Q

People with _____ personality disorder are overly dramatic and emotional, and often go to extreme lengths to gain attention from others. In contrast, those who have _____ personality disorder are viewd as arrogant and have the expectation that others view them in high regard.

A

histrionic, narcissistic

80
Q

Who was the first person to consider biological factors in psychological disorders.

A

Hippocrates

81
Q

Mad with treatment in asylums and created the York Retreat

A

William Tuke

82
Q

biopsychosocial approach includes which 3 factors

A

biological factors
psychological factors
sociocultural factors

83
Q

In the biopsychosocial approach, ______ factors are early life experiences and learning, while _______factors are social roles and cultural expectations

A

psychological, sociocultural

84
Q

Oldest belief about psychological disorders was…

A

Hippocrates thought behaviors were caused by an inbalance of body fluids

85
Q

biological factors

A

include genetics, physical illness, and chemicals in the environment

86
Q

psychological factors

A

include cognitive patterns, early family experiences, and learning experiences

87
Q

sociocultural factors

A

include social roles and cultural expectations of behavior

88
Q

medical model

A

views psychological disorders as illness with biological causes

89
Q

reductionism

A

the idea that complex situations can be reduced to simpler ones to understand them at a basic level

90
Q

stigma

A

disgrace associated with a particular circumstance

91
Q

the psychoanalytic approach

A

based on the belief that psychological disorders are the result of unconscious conflict

92
Q

3 parts that Freud believed the mind was made of

A

id, ego, super-ego

93
Q

id

A

focused on gratifying basic impulses

94
Q

pleasure principle

A

immediate pleasure with no thought to consequences

95
Q

superego

A

an individual’s conscious

96
Q

ego

A

focused on external reality as it relates to impulses

97
Q

reality principle

A

consequences must be considered before acting on impulses

98
Q

defense mechanisms

A

distorting conscious reality to keep unacceptable material out of awareness

99
Q

repression

A

pushing unacceptable thoughts or desires out of awareness

100
Q

denial

A

choosing to deny upsetting thoughts or ideas, they don’t exist

101
Q

rationalization

A

creating acceptable reasons for unacceptable impulse

102
Q

projection

A

transferring an unacceptable impulse to another person

103
Q

displacement

A

transferring unacceptable feelings from an unsafe object to safe object

104
Q

regression

A

responding in a way that is consistent with a younger age

105
Q

humanistic approach

A

disorders result from interference with a person’s natural development

106
Q

humanists

A

believe people have power over themselves

107
Q

self–concept

A

one’s overall impression of themselve

108
Q

ideal self

A

the self we think we should be

109
Q

conditions of worth

A

standards a person feels must be met to be accepted

110
Q

Humanists proposed that one’s
_______ is our overall impression of ourselves. It includes the positive and negative
______. Humanists suggest that we also carry around the
_______self, or what we think we should be

A

self-concept
traits
ideal

111
Q

When people believe that they will be loved and accepted by others, it is known as …

A

conditions of worth

112
Q

cognitive approach

A

disorders are a result of incorrect thinking

113
Q

Founder of rational emotive therapy

A

Albert Ellis

114
Q

irrational beliefs

A

rigid and unhealthy beliefs that interfere with our efforts to reach our goals, include unrealistic demands and impossible standards

115
Q

identified cognitive behaviors and problems causing them

A

Aaron Beck

116
Q

overgeneralization

A

reaching a broad conclusion based on a few specific facts

117
Q

personalization

A

seeing external events as related to you despite no evidence

118
Q

absolutist thinking

A

thinking in all or nothing terms

119
Q

Sam gets a promotion, but since the position includes no pay raise, he sees it as a failure. Example of …

A

absolutist thinking

120
Q

sociocultural approach

A

focuses on how psychological disorders are influenced by social context

121
Q

culture

A

shared beliefs, feelings, and knowledge that guide behavior and perception of reality

122
Q

sociocultural factors influence…

A

what is labeled a disorder
the intensity of disorders
characteristics of disorders

123
Q

early life experiences influence what defines a psychological disorder in the sociocultural approach. True or False

A

False

124
Q

label

A

name given to a behavior in a specific context

125
Q

intensity

A

severity of a disorder

126
Q

3 strengths of the sociocultural approach include?

A

allows researchers to compare behavior across and within regions
provides a broad view of factors that influence mental health
recognizes the importance of culture

127
Q

insanity defense

A

used for people unable to control their behavior because of a psychological disorder, and therefore should not be held accountable for legal actions

128
Q

confidentiality can be broken when…

A

When there is a clear and imminent danger to the client or someone else.

When the court asks a mental health professional to share information about a client

When a child has been abused or must be protected

129
Q

Using a jury to determine insanity. Strength or weakness

A

weakness because often times the jury does not have extensive knowledge of psychological disorders

130
Q

Which of the following explains the beliefs about the causes of bizarre behaviors?

A

supernatural forces.

The answer was not contaminated body fluids

131
Q

In the medical model, a psychological disorder is viewed primarily as …

A

an illness with biological causes.

132
Q

Typically, the determination of whether a person is legally insane is made by …

A

a jury after hearing testimony from expert witnesses.

133
Q

Which of the following is a limitation of the psychoanalytic approach?

A

it leaves out culture and other outside factors

PSY 200 (11 decks)

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