Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSY 200 > Biology & Behavior > Flashcards

Biology & Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

Neurons receive signals from their _____ & send signals going down their _____.

A

Dendrites, Axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Neurons are supported by cells called _______ , which provide nutrients, remove waste, and also produce the _____ sheath that insulates the axon.

A

glia, myelin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When a neuron fires, an electrical charge pushes neurotransmitter containers toward the axon _______. The neurotransmitters are released to other cells across a connection called the _______.

A

terminal, synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do most antidepressants work?

A

by blocking the reuptake of serotonin, thus keeping more serotonin in the synaptic cleft.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The central structure of the neuron is the ______. This structure has a(n) ______, which controls cell functions.

A

soma, nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The fundamental cells of the nervous system are called _______. These cells send signals to other cells using chemical messengers called ________.

A

neurons, neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Positively charged ions are called _____, and negatively charged ions are called ______?

A

cations and anions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When the electrical charge outside of the cell is 70 millivolts higher than the charge inside of the cell, this difference is known as the …

A

resting potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Neurons carry signals by exchanging electrically charged atoms, called _______, through their membranes.

A

ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The neurotransmitter primarily responsible for mood, sleep, and appetite is ______.

A

serotonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is serotonin and what is it primarily responsible for?

A

a neurotransmitter; mood, sleep, and appetite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which neurotransmitters can inhibit neuron activity?

A

dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), & serotonin.

Not: hormones or acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Drugs that enhance the effect of a neurotransmitter are called _______, while drugs that decrease the effect of a neurotransmitter are called _________?

A

agonist, antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

a presynaptic neuron reabsorbs its neurotransmitter through a process known as ______?

A

reuptake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Receptors that control the amount of neurotransmitter that stays in the synaptic cleft are called _______?

A

autoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

an agonist can _____?

A

activate receptors without neurotransmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Norepinephrine

A

neuotransmitter; reuptake is inhibited by cocaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the purposes of cerebrospinal fluid

A

Cushioning against injury or illness & keeping brain pressurized correctly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The peripheral nervous system consists of nerves and nerve masses called ________.

A

ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The fluid filled spaces or cavities within our brains are called ….

A

ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Outside of the brain is a structure called the ________, which protects the many delicate parts within it.

A

skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Bodily movements, functions, and sensations are managed by the ________ nervous system.

A

peripheral

23
Q

The bundle of axons that connects the left and the right cerebral hemispheres is called the …

A

corpus callosum

24
Q

The two main structures of the brain are the _____, which is the largest part of the brain, and the ______ system, which plays a role in emotion and motivation.

A

cerebrum, limbic

25
Q

The three primary areas of the brain are called the ______, _______, and the ______, each with distinct neural structures that have different functions.

A

forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

26
Q

Parkinson’s disease can be caused by damage to neurons in the _______, which produces dopamine.

A

substantia nigra

27
Q

Also known as the little brain, the _______
plays an important role in posture, balance, and motor control. Communication between this structure and the rest of the brain is relayed by the _______
, which means bridge.

A

cerebellum, pons

28
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the brain

A

frontal (in front), occipital (in back), parietal (above the temporal), and temporal

29
Q

How do CT(Computed Tomography)/CAT(Computed Axial Tomography) scans work?

A

They combine several x-ray cross sections to create three dimensional images.

30
Q

_____scans measure cellular oxygen use by monitoring a protein called _______

A

fMRI, hemoglobin

31
Q

Lack of oxygen can cause tissue deaths called
_______
, which can be detected using CT scans.

A

infarction

32
Q

Positron emission tomography (PET) scans use a radioactive tracer that emits …

A

gamma rays

33
Q

CT scans detect _______, the hardening of tissue due to calcium.

A

calcification

34
Q

What are the components of the hindbrain?

A

medulla, pons, and cerebellum

35
Q

What are the components of the brain stem?

A

midbrain, medulla, and pons

36
Q

What are the components of the midbrain?

A

Tegmentum, tectum

37
Q

What are the components of the spinal cord?

A

neurons, glia, & central canal

38
Q

When the doctor taps on your left kneecap, your left leg kicks involuntarily. This is called the …

A

patellar reflex

39
Q

The tenth cranial nerve is called the ______

nerve, which carries signals to and from organs in the chest cavity and the abdomen.

A

vagus

40
Q

Located at your tendons are receptors called _____ tendon organs, or GTOs, which monitor muscle tension to detect muscle contractions

A

golgi

41
Q

The peripheral nervous system includes 31 pairs of _____ nerves and 12 pairs of ______nerves.

A

spinal, cranial

42
Q

Neurons belonging to the sympathetic nervous system exit the spine in the _____ and ____ regions.

A

lumbar, thoracic

43
Q

Neurons belonging to the parasympathetic nervous system exit the spine in the _____ and ____ regions

A

cranial, sacral

44
Q

After a threat has passed, recovery is managed by the _____ nervous system.

A

parasympathetic

45
Q

Which system manages your response to threatening situations?

A

The sympathetic nervous system

46
Q

The autonomic nervous system is divided into two systems: the ____nervous system and the ____nervous system.

A

sympathetic, parasympathetic

47
Q

It is common for people with anti-social personality disorders to have very low levels of which hormone in their blood streams?

A

Oxytocin

48
Q

Metabolism is managed by the _____ gland(s) located at the bottom of the neck.

A

Thyroid

49
Q

Cells need insulin to absorb glucose for energy, and too little insulin results in a condition known as _____.

A

diabetes

50
Q

Cells need insulin to absorb glucose for energy, and too much insulin results in a condition known as ______.

A

hypoglycemia

51
Q

Hormones that regulate sexual development are secreted by the …

A

gonads.

52
Q

The ____ glands influence growth

A

pituitary

53
Q

Near the kidneys are the ____ glands, which secrete hormones that influence arousal.

A

adrenal

54
Q

The _____ system sends signals through the body using hormones. The hormones controlling growth are secreted by the _____ gland.

A

endocrine, pituitary

PSY 200 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions