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PSY 200 > Perception > Flashcards

Perception Flashcards

1
Q

Kathy is on the phone with her mother when her favorite song starts playing on the radio. She decides to call her mother back and listen to the song. Which process of perception is this?

A

selection

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2
Q

place selection, organization, interpretation and sensation in the correct order that they normally occur.

A

Sensation, selection, organization, and interpretation

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3
Q

Signals getting organized and interpreted is an example of ______.

A

perception

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4
Q

Assigning meaning to information is an example of _____.

A

Interpretation

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5
Q

Making sense of sensory stimuli is an example of _______?

A

Interpretation

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6
Q

Organizing and interpreting information is an example of _______.

A

Perception

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7
Q

Only a very small amount of stimuli in our environment is _______.

A

selected

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8
Q

perception

A

how sensation is organized and interpreted

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9
Q

perceptual selection

A

choosing which stimuli to respond to

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10
Q

perceptual organization

A

clustering sensory information

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11
Q

perceptual interpretation

A

assign meaning to the stimuli

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12
Q

attention

A

selecting which incoming stimuli to focus on or ignore

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13
Q

What is the cocktail party effect?

A

The ability to concentrate on one stimulus and still respond to other stimuli with personally relevant information

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14
Q

This allows you to select what to focus on and what to ignore.

A

attention

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15
Q

As we focus on more things, the attention given to each decreases. This is because we have _____ attention.

A

limited

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16
Q

This helps determine which stimuli deserves attention.

A

experience

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17
Q

A bright light is selected more often than a dim light

A

intensity

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18
Q

this is the process of choosing what stimuli to respond to.

A

selection

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19
Q

You walk into a party and choose to talk to a friend instead of listening to music.

A

attention

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20
Q

talking to a friend in a crowded room and hearing your name mentioned in the distance.

A

selection

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21
Q

The brain organizes information through ______ and _____ processing.

A

top-down, bottom up

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22
Q

bottom-up processing

A

analyzing details before grasping the whole

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23
Q

top-down processing

A

analyzing information based on previous experiences

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24
Q

Conceptually driven is

A

analyzing the whole before recognizing details

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25
Q

data-driven

A

this is analyzing individual details before forming a whole

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26
Q

Knowing that you are about to see a type of animal, which helps you make sense of a stimuli is an example of ______.

A

expectation

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27
Q

Examining the form of each letter before reading the word is _______.

A

bottom-up

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28
Q

Examining a word before breaking it down and looking at each letter is ______.

A

Top-down

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29
Q

top-down and bottom-up processing occur…

A

simultaneously

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30
Q

Gestalt

A

an organized whole assembled from pieces of sensory information

31
Q

closure

A

take incomplete pieces of information and complete them mentally

32
Q

symmetry

A

perceiving symmetrical items as a group

33
Q

similarity

A

grouping items that resemble each other

34
Q

proximity

A

grouping items that are close to each other

35
Q

connectedness

A

grouping items that are linked or moving together

36
Q

figure-ground

A

prioritizing stimuli into center of attention vs background

37
Q

perceptual constancy

A

regarding critical features as constant even when they change

38
Q

The principle of _______ suggests that we perceive equally proportioned things in groups, and the principle of ______ suggests that we tend to perceive things as a group if they are physically close to each other.

A

symmetry, proximity

39
Q

The principle of ______ suggests we complete missing pieces and the principle of _______suggests we perceive things as a group if they are linked in some way.

A

closure, connectedness

40
Q

Grouping things that are a like, is an example of ______

A

similarity

41
Q

The _______ principle explains how we prioritize stimuli

A

figure-ground

42
Q

perceptual constancy

A

viewing objects as having stable characteristics despite variation in appearance

43
Q

shape constancy

A

viewing the shapes of objects as being stable

44
Q

size constancy

A

viewing objects as having a constant size

45
Q

color constancy

A

perceiving object’s color as being stable under various lighting conditions

46
Q

What do we call the tendency for people to view objects as having constant dimensions?

A

size constancy

47
Q

cues

A

things in the environment

48
Q

Three major attributes that we perceive as being stable even under different viewing conditions are_______, _____, and ______constancy

A

size, shape, color

49
Q

binocular cues

A

depth cues perceived with both eyes

50
Q

convergence

A

eyes rotate towards each other to focus on an object

51
Q

binocular disparity

A

left and right eyes see slightly different images

52
Q

monocular cues

A

depth cues perceive with one eye

53
Q

relative size

A

perceiving distance based on the comparison of objects’ sizes

54
Q

interposition

A

judging distance based on the blocking of a far object by a near object

55
Q

linear perspective

A

using the appearance of converging parallel lines to perceive distance

56
Q

monocular cues

A

depth cues perceived with one eye

57
Q

adaptation-level theory

A

past experiences and expectations affect how we process stimuli

58
Q

context effect

A

perception of stimulus is affected by the surrounding environment

59
Q

brightness contrast

A

perceived brightness of one object in comparison to another object

60
Q

structural context

A

the perceived length, size, or shape of one object in comparison to another object.

61
Q

This involves comparing a new stimulus to a familiar standard

A

baseline

62
Q

visual illusions

A

perception of an image is different from reality

63
Q

literal illusion

A

perceiving an image that is different than the objects that make it

64
Q

physiological illusions

A

the result of excessive stimulation to the eyes and the brain

65
Q

cognitive illusions

A

the result of unconscious interferences

66
Q

One famous example of a cognitive illusion is the ______ room.

A

Ames

67
Q

A famous example of a physiological illusion.

A

Hermann grid

68
Q

A famous example of a literal illusion

A

devil’s fork

69
Q

A famous example of a cognitive illusion

A

Ames Room

70
Q

Important principles in Gestalt theory include ….

A

symmetry

Not: dexterity, color patterns, or imbalance

71
Q

What can be said of the principle of symmetry?

A

We tend to perceive symmetrical items as a group.

72
Q

Which of these statements is true about organization?

A

We use organization to decide which stimuli to focus on and respond to.

73
Q

Which of the following descriptions best describes binocular cues?

A

Depth cues that require both eyes in order to be perceived.

74
Q

According to the adaptation-level theory, which of the following statements is true?

A

Past experiences AND expectations affect how we process stimuli

PSY 200 (11 decks)

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