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PSY 200 > Personality > Flashcards

Personality Flashcards

1
Q

How many personality issues are there?

A

5

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2
Q

The 5 Personality issues are?

A 
Freedom Vs Determinism
Heredity vs. environment
Uniqueness vs universality
Proactive vs reactive
Optimistic or Pessimistic
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3
Q

Do we have free will to make our own choices to shape our lives or are we the subjects of biology, environment and other factors beyond our control.

A

Freedom vs. Deteminism

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4
Q

Is personality determined mostly by qualities we inherit, or the world around us?

A

Heredity vs environment

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5
Q

How distinctive are personality characteristics? Is each individual’s personality unique, or are there overall patterns that apply broadly to most or many people?

A

Uniqueness vs universality

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6
Q

Do we act on our own initiative, or just respond to stimulus from our environment?

A

Proactive vs Reactive

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7
Q

Can we change our personality (optimistic), or does it remain the same throughout our lives, without ability to grow or adapt (pessimistic)?

A

Optimistic or Pessimistic

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8
Q

Personality

A

a person’s unique and stable way of acting, feeling, and thinking

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9
Q

Behavior is the result of environmental stimuli

A

reactive

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10
Q

universality

A

there are overall personality patterns that apply to many

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11
Q

proactive

A

behavior is the result of individual initiative

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12
Q

determinism

A

Biology and/or environmental conditions dictate personality

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13
Q

pessimism

A

personality cannot change and adapt to the environment

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14
Q

idiographic research

A

research involving a single individual

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15
Q

personality case study

A

one person is studied in depth

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16
Q

nomothetic research

A

comparing the individual participants in a group; general laws of behavior applying to large groups

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17
Q

survey

A

technique for covering self reported attitudes or behaviors

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18
Q

survey of self-report

A

ask participants questions about themselves

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19
Q

projective test

A

participant is asked to describe an ambiguous stimulus

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20
Q

Two widely used projective tests…

A

Rorschach Test, & Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

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21
Q

2 things the MMPI is used by researchers and clinicians to help diagnose…

A

anxiety, paranoia, depression, hypochondria, schizophrenia, introversion, sociopathology, mania, hysteria, and gender identification tendencies.

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22
Q

psychoanalytic theory

A

unconscious forces and conflicts drive our behavior

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23
Q

unconscious

A

drives and instincts that are beyond awareness

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24
Q

preconscious

A

feelings, memories, perceptions that can easily become conscious

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25
Q

consciousness

A

thoughts, feelings, sensations, perceptions and memories in awareness

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26
Q

id

A

seeks immediate satisfaction of basic needs

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27
Q

superego

A

the moral part of the mind which consists of the conscience and ego ideal

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28
Q

ego

A

balances the demands of the id and superego with the demands of reality

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29
Q

repression

A

unwanted experiences are forced into the unconscious

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30
Q

reaction formation

A

one impulse is repressed and the opposite impulse is excessively expressed

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31
Q

displacement

A

unacceptable urges and feelings are redirected

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32
Q

fixation

A

soothing oneself in a manner related to a prior stage of emotional development

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33
Q

regression

A

reverting to an earlier stage of behavior during anxiety

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34
Q

sublimations

A

expressing aggressive or sexual instincts through productive activity

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35
Q

______
formation is a defense mechanism that represses one impulse and excessively expresses the opposite in its place.
_____is the most basic defense mechanism and occurs when experiences that cause anxiety are forced into the unconscious.

A

reaction, repression

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36
Q

ego ideal

A

construct of the self to which one aspires

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37
Q

personal unconscious

A

individual’s thoughts, perceptions, and experiences that can be brought into consciousness along with repressed impulses, memories, and wishes

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38
Q

collective unconscious

A

reflects the universal experiences of mankind and archetypes

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39
Q

archetypes

A

inherited symbols

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40
Q

style of life

A

a person’s manner of striving for superiority

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41
Q

real self

A

who we actually are

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42
Q

ideal self

A

the person we think we should be

43
Q

shadow

A

representation of powerful primitive impulses, socially unacceptable impulses as well

44
Q

Who developed the theory of birth order

A

Alfred Adler

45
Q

These children typically lack independence

A

youngest children

46
Q

these children tend to want to outdo siblings

A

second-born children

47
Q

First born children

A

possess feelings of power and superiority

48
Q

Who proposed a theory of real and idealized self

A

Karen Horney

49
Q

Karen Horney believed that ______ and ______ were important factors in personality development.

A

culture, environment

50
Q

Humanistic Personality Theory

A

based on idea that people as capable of free choice

51
Q

self-actualization

A

motivation to carry out one’s full potential

52
Q

aesthetic needs

A

need for beauty and order

53
Q

cognitive needs

A

desire to know and understand

54
Q

neurotic needs

A

desire to dominate others or inflict pain

55
Q

fully functioning person

A

person who lives in peace with their feelings and impulses

56
Q

unconditional positive regard

A

complete acceptance

57
Q

self-image

A

ubjective perception of one’s personality and body

58
Q

What categories of needs are categorized in Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs

A

Starting from the bottom:

Physiological
Safety
Love/Belonging
Esteem
Self-Actualization
59
Q

What type of need is acceptance of self and others

A

self-actualization need

60
Q

What kind of need is food, and oxygen

A

physiological need

61
Q

what kind of need is a positive reputation

A

esteem need

62
Q

what kind of need is security (physical, financial)

A

safety need

63
Q

What kind of need is finding a partner

A

love and belongingness need

64
Q

Rigid censorship is a threat to which need?

A

threat to self-actualization

65
Q

A job promotion denial is a threat to which need?

A

Threat to esteem needs

66
Q

Carl Rogers believed in what theory

A

Humanisism

67
Q

Skinner’s Three Factors of behavior

A

natural selection, the evolution of civilization, an individual’s own history of reinforcement

68
Q

Behaviorism

A

states that personality is based on the impact that outside rewards have on behaviors

69
Q

What environmental influences have an effect on behavior?

A

culture, language, tools

70
Q

According to B.F. Skinner

A

behavior that is rewarded would be more likely to be repeated.
Behavior is shaped by natural selection and the need to adapt.
Some internal drives could explain individual behavior, but only partly.
Human behavior is similar to but far more complex than animal behavior

71
Q

Constructs

A

categories individuals use to understand the world

72
Q

cognitive therapy

A

identifying and changing distorted thoughts

73
Q

cognitive behavioral therapy

A

identifying and changing dysfunctional thinking and behavior

74
Q

faulty generalization

A

using a particular event as the basis for a general conclusion

75
Q

polarized thinking

A

classifying things into overly strict categories

76
Q

personalization of events

A

seeing personal significance in others’ behavior

77
Q

3 True statements about George Kelly..

A

He believed that people form and test hypotheses, and draw conclusions, the way scientists do.

He developed personal construct psychology

His theories have been used to understand how cognitive processing of events shape personality.

78
Q

The founder of personal construct psychology

A

George Kelly

79
Q

Founder of cognitive therapy

A

Aaron Beck

80
Q

traits

A

lasting characteristics of individuals

81
Q

extraversion

A

how friendly, assertive, an individual is

82
Q

neuroticism

A

a person’s degree of anxiety, emotional stability

83
Q

openness

A

curiosity, preference for novel situations

84
Q

agreeableness

A

tendency to be supportive, cooperative, compassionate

85
Q

conscientiousness

A

tendency to be disciplined, organized

86
Q

A personality model

A

Big Five

87
Q

Social learning theory

A

people learn by observing and imitating others and getting punished for the behavior

88
Q

Social cognitive theory

A

observing behavior is enough to learn it, even if they don’t do it

89
Q

Ovservational learing

A

observing and imitating behavior

90
Q

modeling

A

observing and imitating a behavior

91
Q

human agency

A

the ability to organize, regulate, and perform, behaviors that produce desirable outcomes

92
Q

intentionality

A

commitment to carrying out a specific action that has a desired consequence

93
Q

foresight

A

ability to set goals and make plans

94
Q

self-reactiveness

A

being attentive to the process of carrying out our decisions

95
Q

self-reflectiveness

A

evaluating one’s own motivations, morals, and life goals

96
Q

Pioneer of social learning theory

A

Albert Bandura

97
Q

human agency

A

ability to exert free will and perform behaviors with desirable outcomes

98
Q

Individualistic culture

A

gives priority to individual goals and desires

99
Q

collectivistic culture

A

gives priority to group desires and goals

100
Q

a fully functioning person lives in peace with his or her impulses is a belief of…

A

Carl Rogers

101
Q

According to behaviorist B.F. Skinner, human behavior is shaped by…

A

natural selection and the resulting biological evolution

102
Q

What environmental influences have an effect on behavior?

A

tools

103
Q

In a collectivist culture, the view of the self is …

A

interdependent

PSY 200 (11 decks)

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