social psychology (text 4) Flashcards
person x situation interaction
-kurt lewin
“founder of social psychology”
person x situation interaction
Behavioral outcome
dependent on combination of the characteristics of the person, given the current environment
-battle between the strength of the personality vs. the situation
Person x situation
cognitive affective personality system
-Walter Mischel
-cognitive affective personality system
-if-then personality
(if a situation is like X, then she will act like A)
-a person is only neurotic to the extent that they are in situations that evoke a neurotic response
Attitudes
- a learned evaluation of a particular person, behavior, belief or things
- ABCS: affective, behavioral, cognitive
attitudes many times can lead to behavior
true
sometimes behavior leads to attitudes
Ben’s self perception theory
cognitive dissonance
- festinger
- DISSONANCE is created when 2 simultaneous attitudes or beliefs (cognitions) are operating in opposition of each other
- strong dissonance when our actions do not represent the core self
Festinger and Carlsmith experiment (1959)
-participants did a boring task and when the experiment was over, the researches asked them to help out by filling in for an experimenter who could;t make it …
-conditions 1: got $1 to tell the participant the task was fun and interesting
condition 2: got $2o to tell the participant that the task was fun and interesting
- FINDINGS:
- the $20 condition had little dissonance–>they could attribute their actions to having been paid so much money
- the $1 condition experienced dissonance (“i said it was fun and interesting but it wasn’t”)
- to relieve this internal inconsistency, they were more likely to alter their attitude toward the task (maybe it was fun??)
If you want someone to like you
ask them for a favor
Schemas
-set of cognitions about people and social experiences, we gain info as we experiences different events in ou r lives that we can use to organize what we know
- an outline of experiences that help us make predictions about what to expect in the future
- when you go to a restaurant, what is going to happen?
schemas add
structure
social roles
schemas for how we act within different situations with different individuals
-me as a best friend, me as a daughter, student, etc.
Stereotype
beliefs about a particular set of people, based on race, sex, age, culture, etc
social categorization
similar to us
ingroup
social categorization
different from us
outgroup
When stereotypes are hateful: PREJUDICE
a negative belief about people from an outgrip; typically goes along w a negative affective response
-cognitively-based (conscious) and emotional
When stereotypes are hateful: Discrimination
-the transfer of prejudice to behavior1-actually treating people unequally because they fall into a stereotypes group
-often times our stereotypes may influence our actions without our knowing
- confirmation bias
- self-fulfilling prophecy: the tendency to bring out the qualities of another person that you believe that they have (regardless of if they actually do)
do stereoptyes have to be bad to be harmful
- chinese: smart at math
- African american: athletic, can dance
subtype
if a person doesn’t fit the stereotype
ex: he just happens to be an African American who can’t dance”
Asch (1956) ‘line’ study
- participants go in order and indicate which line is most similar to the target line
- trial 1 and 2: first 5 participants choose the correct line
- trail 3: they choose a line thats not correct
Asch (1956) line study findings
- when alone, participants were correct 99% of the time
- in the conforming conditions, 37% of participants responses with the incorrect line (only 63% did not conform)
- 76% of participants go with the group at least 1 time
what reasons would lead people to say the wrong line ?
-anxiety, self doubt, cost/benefit analysis
elevator example
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