Ch 1 Flashcards
Defenitition of Psychology
the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
from where did psychology evolve
Philosophy and physiology
Structuralism
Who: Wilhelm Wundt; Edward Titchener
Studied: Consciousness (deconstruct sensations & feelings)
Technique: Introspection
Functionalism
Who: William James
Studied: Why humans “function” the way that they do. Interaction of mind/body/others
Technique: Adaptation (Darwinian Principles)
Gestalt
Who: Max Wertheimer
Studied: Perception (“the whole is more than the sum of its parts.”)
Technique: Perceptual tasks, show perceptual laws/principles
-reading the words in the wrong order example
Psychdynamic Theory
Who: Sigmund Freud Studied: The unconscious Technique: Pure theory (iceberg example--> consciousness, preconscious, unionsciouness
Behaviorism
Who: John Watson; B. F. Skinner
Studies: Stimulus-Response Associations (i.e., reinforcement)
Technique: Tested application of reward vs. punishment
Humanism
Who: Abraham Maslow; Carl Rogers
Studies: The good in people
Technique: Help direct people to their personal strengths (self-actualization)
Cognitive Revolution
Who: Herbert Simon; Allen Newell; Noam Chomsky
Studies: Human information processing
Technique: Brain as a computer
Evolutionary
Who: David Buss; Steven Pinker
Studies: Humans developed(ing) from adaptation
Technique: “Fitness” as explanation for human behavior
Clinical (Experimental and applied)
The study, diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders
Studies “abnormal” thoughts, feelings, & behaviors
Counseling (applied)
Focus on self, social, and career (i.e., everyday) issues
Cognitive (experimental)
The study of higher order mental processes (memory, decision making, etc.)``
Developmental (experimental)
Explores human change from conception through death
Biological (experimental)
Neuroscience, genetics, physiology
Social (experimental)
How/why people’s thoughts, feelings and actions are elicited in response to real or imagined others (i.e., the situation)
Personality (experimental)
Consistency of a person’s traits over time; individual differences
School (experimental and applied)
Counseling children who have academic or emotional issues
Educational Psychologists (Experimental)
Study issues related to academics
Evolutionary (experimental)
How humans/animals are shaped physically and socially from ancestral roots
Health (experimental and applied)
Explores the relationship between psychological factors and physical ailments or disease
Sports (experimental and applied)
Studies and applies ways to improve athletic performance
Industrial/ organizational (experimental and applied)
Psychology of the workplace
PhD
Doctor of philosophy
-emphasizes research; Clinical, Counseling, or Educational Psychologist
University Professor & Researcher
PsyD
-Doctor or Psychology
-Emphasizes Application—
Clinical or Counseling
MD
psychiatrist (can prescribe medicine)
Masters/ Bachelors
Social services, education, business, government
