Ch 1 Flashcards
Defenitition of Psychology
the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
from where did psychology evolve
Philosophy and physiology
Structuralism
Who: Wilhelm Wundt; Edward Titchener
Studied: Consciousness (deconstruct sensations & feelings)
Technique: Introspection
Functionalism
Who: William James
Studied: Why humans “function” the way that they do. Interaction of mind/body/others
Technique: Adaptation (Darwinian Principles)
Gestalt
Who: Max Wertheimer
Studied: Perception (“the whole is more than the sum of its parts.”)
Technique: Perceptual tasks, show perceptual laws/principles
-reading the words in the wrong order example
Psychdynamic Theory
Who: Sigmund Freud Studied: The unconscious Technique: Pure theory (iceberg example--> consciousness, preconscious, unionsciouness
Behaviorism
Who: John Watson; B. F. Skinner
Studies: Stimulus-Response Associations (i.e., reinforcement)
Technique: Tested application of reward vs. punishment
Humanism
Who: Abraham Maslow; Carl Rogers
Studies: The good in people
Technique: Help direct people to their personal strengths (self-actualization)
Cognitive Revolution
Who: Herbert Simon; Allen Newell; Noam Chomsky
Studies: Human information processing
Technique: Brain as a computer
Evolutionary
Who: David Buss; Steven Pinker
Studies: Humans developed(ing) from adaptation
Technique: “Fitness” as explanation for human behavior
Clinical (Experimental and applied)
The study, diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders
Studies “abnormal” thoughts, feelings, & behaviors
Counseling (applied)
Focus on self, social, and career (i.e., everyday) issues
Cognitive (experimental)
The study of higher order mental processes (memory, decision making, etc.)``
Developmental (experimental)
Explores human change from conception through death
Biological (experimental)
Neuroscience, genetics, physiology
