Emotions (test 3) Flashcards
Emotions
feelings that have both physiological and cognitive components that influence behavior
kinds (steps??) of emotion
- bodily arousal
- Positive and negative feelings (valence)
- Attributions of those feelings (stored information/memories that inform us about what we are currently feelings)
- Behave accordingly
Functions of emotions
- prepare us for action (negative emotions lead us to change [fear] and positive emotions let us know that things are OK [joy, content]
- Help us learn (the way we feel about something will dictate how we approach similar situations in the future) [important in social interactions]
ekman
facial expressions
kinds of “basic” emotions
- happiness (joy, bliss, pride)
- Anger (jealousy, annoyance)
- sadness (guilt, grief)
- Fear (horror, worry)
- Disgust
- Surprise
Facial-Feedback hypothesis
-expressions not only reflect you experiences but also determine them !!!!
-different muscles used for expressions may send a signal to the brain telling you how to feel
-embodied
cognition(niedenthal)
-Facial efference (Zajonc, ‘85)
-has been hypthesized that facial expressions actually are necessary to experience emotions!!!!
Display Rules
- guidelines that govern the appropriateness of showing non-verbal emotions [culture usually defines when you should act certain ways]
- should you smile at a funeral?
James-Lange Theory
- emotions are the result of bodily sensations that stem from an external situation
- in other words, something happens, the body responds, then you cognitively label the emotion
- physiological responses are connected with specific emotions
ex: bear in the woods; facial feedback phenomena - event–>response–>interpretation–>emotion
- you feel frightened because you are trembling
Canon-bard theory
-belief that physiological responses AND emotional experiences are both coming from activation in the nervous system simultaneously
- info goes into thalamus, which is interpreted as a certain emotion and is then sent to the PNS as the emotional response
- BUT if the thalamus interprets the emotion, then the physiological signal is unimportant–>the thalamus’s coding dictates the physiological response
- highlights cognitive appraisals
- event–>response AND interpretation–>emotion
- When you encounter a danger in the environment, you will often feel afraid before you start to experience the physical symptoms associated with fear such as shaking hands, rapid breathing, and a racing heart.
- physical and psychological experience of emotion happen at the same time and that one does not cause the other.
Schachter-Signer theory
- we response with a non-descriptive physiological reaction that we interpret from the emotional cues
- we feel the event (AROUSAL), then interpret it by what we have around us based on experiences with similar events EX: high school graduation: happy or sad???
mating produces hormones
- females:ocytocin
- males: ocytocin and vasopressin
- both influences neural responses in the nucleus accumbent; induces dopamine transmissions
some creature seem more likely to become addicted to live than other
true
modern emotion theory
- CORE AFFECT
- people response at a level of
- positively/negatively
- low/high arousal
- these feelings are categorized cognitively
- quickly and often automatically
- reliably: generally people categorize feelings similarly across similar situations
Assumption: No “basic emotions” part of the brain
SUBCORTICAL PATHWAYS
AFFECT SYSTEMS: amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus
-affect is interpreted at high levels of the brain
Assumptions: How do we change emotions?
-emotion regulation: relies heavily on working memory
